泻、凉血。
辛凉。入阳明血分。与泽兰同功。治鼻衄痔疮。（喉痹口紧、马兰根叶捣汁、入米醋少
许、
滴鼻孔、或灌喉中、取痰自开。）
（宣、解郁、泻、凉血破瘀。）
辛苦微甘。气寒。其性轻扬。上行入心及包络。兼入肺经。凉心热。散肝郁。破血下气。治
吐衄尿血。妇人经脉逆行。（经不下行、上为吐衄诸证、用郁金末、加韭汁、姜汁、童便服
、其血自清、痰中带血者、加竹沥。）血气诸痛。产后败血攻心。颠狂失心。（颠多喜笑、尚
知畏惧、证属不足、狂多忿怒、人莫能制、证属有余、因惊忧痰血塞于心窍所致、用郁金七
两、白矾三两、薄荷糊丸、名白金丸、郁金散恶血、白矾化顽痰。）痘毒入心。（因瘀血凝滞
、而痘疹陷伏者、可用。）阳毒。生肌定痛。能开肺金之郁。故名。今医用此开郁。罕效。
如真阴虚火亢吐血。不关肺肝气逆。不宜用也。（近日郁证、多属血亏、用破血之药开郁、
郁不能开、而阴已先败、致不救者多矣。）出川广。体锐圆如蝉肚。外黄内赤。色鲜微香。
折之光明脆彻。苦中带甘者乃真。（今市中所用者、多是姜黄、并有以蓬莪术伪之者、俱峻
削性烈、挟虚者大忌。）
泻、破血行气。
味苦辛温。色黄入脾。兼入肝经。理血中之气。破血下气。（辛散苦泄、专于破血、下
气其
旁及者耳。）除风消肿。性更烈于郁金。治血积气胀。产后败血攻心。通月经。疗扑损。片
子者。能入手臂。治风寒湿痹痛。（时珍曰∶入臂治痛、其兼理血中之气可知矣。）血虚者。
服之病反增剧。出川广。（藏器曰∶郁金苦寒色赤、姜黄辛温色黄、莪术味苦色青、三物不
同、所用各别、经疏云∶姜黄主治、介乎三棱郁金之间、时珍曰∶姜黄郁金莪术、形状功用、
大
专治血、姜黄入脾、兼治血中之气、莪术入肝、治气中之血、稍为不
同、今时以扁如干姜者、为片子姜黄、圆如蝉腹者、为蝉肚郁金、莪术形虽似郁金、而色青
不
泻火，凉血。
味辛性凉。归入阳明经的血分。功效与泽兰相同。治疗鼻出血和痔疮。（对于喉痹、口唇紧缩的症状，将马兰的根和叶捣烂取汁，加入少许米醋，滴入鼻孔或灌入喉咙中，可使痰液自行排出。）
宣通，解郁，泻火，凉血破瘀。
味辛苦，微甘，气寒。药性轻扬，上行入心和心包络，兼入肺经。清泄心热，疏散肝郁，破血行气。治疗吐血、衄血、尿血。治疗妇女经血逆行。（月经不下行，反而向上导致吐血、衄血等各种症状时，服用郁金末，加入韭菜汁、姜汁、童便，血液自然澄清；若痰中带血，加入竹沥。）治疗气血引起的各种疼痛，产后败血攻心导致的癫狂失心症。（癫证多表现为喜笑，尚知畏惧，属于虚证；狂证多表现为忿怒，无人能制约，属于实证，因惊恐忧思导致痰血堵塞心窍所致。使用郁金七两、白矾三两，用薄荷糊制成丸剂，名为白金丸。郁金消散恶血，白矾化解顽痰。）治疗痘毒入心。（因瘀血凝滞导致痘疹陷伏者，可以使用。）治疗阳毒。生肌定痛。能开通肺金的郁结，因此得名。如今医生用此药开郁，很少见效。如果是真阴亏损、虚火亢盛导致的吐血，不关乎肺肝气逆，不宜使用。（近来的郁证，多属于血亏，使用破血药物来开郁，郁结不能打开，而阴气先已败坏，导致无法救治的情况很多。）产于川广。形状锐圆如蝉肚。外表黄色，内部赤色，色泽鲜艳，气味微香。折断时明亮脆彻。苦中带甘的是真品。（现在市场上使用的，多是姜黄，并有以蓬莪术伪充的，都峻烈削伐，性质猛烈，体虚者大忌。）
泻下，破血行气。
味苦辛，性温。色黄入脾，兼入肝经。调理血中之气，破血下气。（辛散苦泄，专门在于破血，下气只是其旁及的功效。）祛除风邪，消肿。药性比郁金更猛烈。治疗血积气胀，产后败血攻心，通调月经，治疗跌打损伤。片状的姜黄，能入手臂，治疗风寒湿痹痛。（李时珍说：入臂治疗疼痛，可知它兼理血中之气。）血虚者，服用后病情反而加重。产于川广。（陈藏器说：郁金苦寒色赤，姜黄辛温色黄，莪术味苦色青，三物不同，用途各异。缪希雍说：姜黄的主治功效，介于三棱和郁金之间。李时珍说：姜黄、郁金、莪术，形状和功用，主要都专治血证。姜黄入脾，兼治血中之气；莪术入肝，治气中之血，稍有不同。如今时人以扁如干姜者为片子姜黄，圆如蝉腹者为蝉肚郁金，莪术形状虽似郁金，但色青不...）
Clear heat, cool blood.
Pungent and cool in nature. Enters the blood level of the Yangming channel. Its efficacy is similar to that of Zelan (Dianthus superbus). Treats epistaxis and hemorrhoids. (For throat bi [obstruction] and tightness of the mouth, crush the roots and leaves of Malan [Kalimeris indica], extract the juice, add a small amount of rice vinegar, drip into the nostrils or pour into the throat to induce expectoration.)
Promote circulation, resolve depression, clear heat, cool blood and break stasis.
Pungent, bitter, slightly sweet; cold in nature. The property is light and ascending, entering the Heart and Pericardium channels, and also the Lung channel. Clears heart heat, disperses liver depression, breaks blood and directs qi downward. Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, and hematuria. Treats retrograde menstruation in women. (When menstruation does not flow downward but instead causes upward symptoms such as hematemesis and epistaxis, administer powder of Yujin [Curcuma aromatica] mixed with chive juice, ginger juice, and children's urine; the blood will clarify naturally. If there is blood in the phlegm, add bamboo sap.) Treats various pains caused by qi and blood disorders, and postpartum敗血 (stagnant blood) attacking the heart causing mania or loss of mind. (Mania often involves laughter and joy, yet fear remains, indicating deficiency; madness often involves anger and uncontrollability, indicating excess, caused by phlegm and blood stasis blocking the heart orifices due to fright and sorrow. Use seven taels of Yujin and three taels of Baifan [Alumen], made into pills with mint paste, named Baijin Wan [White Gold Pill]. Yujin dissipates evil blood, Baifan resolves stubborn phlegm.) Treats toxin from smallpox entering the heart. (Can be used when smallpox lesions are depressed and sunken due to blood stasis coagulation.) Treats yang toxicity. Promotes tissue regeneration and relieves pain. It can open the depression of Metal (Lung), hence its name. Nowadays, physicians rarely achieve effective results using this herb to resolve depression. If hematemesis is caused by true yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, unrelated to lung or liver qi rebellion, it should not be used. (Recent cases of depression syndrome are mostly due to blood deficiency; using blood-breaking herbs to resolve depression fails to open the stagnation and damages yin first, leading to many incurable cases.) Originates from Sichuan and Guangxi. The shape is sharp and round like a cicada's abdomen. Exterior is yellow, interior is red, bright color with a slight fragrance. Breaks brightly and crisply. The authentic product tastes bitter with a sweet aftertaste. (What is currently used in the market is mostly Jianghuang [Curcuma longa], and some are counterfeit Peng'e Zhu [Curcuma zedoaria]; both are harsh and cutting, with fierce properties, strictly contraindicated for those with deficiency.)
Purgative, breaks blood and promotes qi circulation.
Bitter and pungent, warm in nature. Yellow color enters the Spleen, and also enters the Liver channel. Regulates qi within the blood, breaks blood and directs qi downward. (Pungent disperses and bitter drains, primarily focusing on breaking blood; directing qi downward is merely a secondary effect.) Dispels wind and reduces swelling. Its nature is more fierce than that of Yujin. Treats blood accumulation and qi distension, postpartum stagnant blood attacking the heart, regulates menstruation, and treats traumatic injuries. Slice-shaped forms can enter the arms and treat painful obstruction caused by wind-cold-dampness. (Li Shizhen said: Entering the arm to treat pain indicates it also regulates qi within the blood.) For those with blood deficiency, taking it worsens the condition. Originates from Sichuan and Guangxi. (Chen Cangqi said: Yujin is bitter and cold with red color, Jianghuang is pungent and warm with yellow color, E Zhu is bitter with green color; the three substances differ and have distinct uses. Miao Xiyong said: The main indications for Jianghuang lie between Sanleng [Sparganium] and Yujin. Li Shizhen said: Jianghuang, Yujin, and E Zhu differ slightly in shape and function, though all mainly treat blood disorders. Jianghuang enters the Spleen and additionally treats qi within blood; E Zhu enters the Liver and treats blood within qi. Nowadays, people use flat pieces resembling dried ginger as Pianzi Jianghuang [Slice Ginger Turmeric], and round pieces resembling cicada abdomens as Chandu Yujin [Cicada Belly Turmeric]. Although E Zhu resembles Yujin in shape, its color is green and...)