\r芫花\pq65a.bmp\r
入肺脾而兼肾。窠囊水饮立蠲除。导上下以通肠。留伏湿痰顿解化。散瘀消肿。味苦
而辛。治癖杀虫。性温有毒。（芫花味苦辛。色黄赤。性温有毒。入脾肺肾三经血分。专泻
上下水邪。以其为花也。故能泻而兼散。非比商陆之沉降。不能破血。且性之寒温亦异耳。
然有毒之品。不可轻投。）
\r大戟\pq65.bmp\r
通肠涤脏。味辛苦而沉寒。导水行瘀。入肝脾而达肾。亦能发汗。且可消痈。泽漆
乃
是其苗。阴毒之功类戟。（大戟禀天地阴毒之气。其根色紫黑带黄。味辛苦而寒。服之戟人
咽喉。入肝脾肾三经血分。功专泻水散结。通达脏腑。且能行瘀消肿。发汗治风。有毒而能
攻毒。故又能治蛊毒疫毒等证。泽漆即大戟苗。性味功用。与大戟相同。似乎苗叶之功。长
于治上。故金匮有治咳而脉沉者。泽漆汤主之之一法也。）
\r甘遂\pq66.bmp\r
洁净府而有功。入肾通肠。直达水邪所结处。宣经队而无滞。性寒味苦。生成阴毒勿
轻投。（甘遂此药专于行水攻决为用。味苦能泄。寒胜热。直达水气所结之处。乃泻水之圣
药。肾主水。故入肾经。能去痰者。以痰之本水也。但不可轻用耳。）
\r蓖麻子\pq67a1.bmp\r
辛温有吸引之功。宣风利窍。苦毒为外敷之药。拔腐提脓。（蓖麻子辛苦微甘。性
温有毒。虽有宣风利水之能。然毕竟外用之物。长于吸引提拔。故凡口眼 斜。以及妇人子
宫下坠等证。皆可用此研涂。至于外科提脓化腐。尤为得力耳。）
芫花
进入肺、脾两经，并兼入肾经。能立即清除体内停聚在胸腹间的痰饮水湿。引导水液从上下二窍排出以通畅肠道，使潜伏的湿邪与痰浊瞬间化解消散。具有散瘀消肿的功效，其味苦而辛，性温且有毒。（芫花的味道苦辛，颜色黄赤，性温有毒。归入脾、肺、肾三经的血分，专门泻除上下部位的水邪。因为它是花，所以既能泻下又能发散，不像商陆那样性质沉降，不能破血，而且它的寒热属性也与此不同。然而，有毒的药物，不可轻易使用。）
大戟
通利肠道，涤荡脏腑。味道辛苦，性质沉寒。引导水液运行，破除瘀血。进入肝、脾两经，并通达肾经。也能发汗，并且可以消除痈肿。泽漆就是大戟的幼苗（或茎叶部分），其治疗阴毒病症的功效与大戟类似。（大戟禀受天地间的阴毒之气，其根部颜色紫黑带黄，味道辛苦而寒。服用后感觉像被戟刺咽喉一样难受。归入肝、脾、肾三经的血分，功效专门在于泻水散结，通达脏腑。并且能行瘀消肿，发汗治风。虽然有毒但能攻毒，所以又能治疗蛊毒、疫毒等证候。泽漆即是大戟的苗，其性味功用与大戟相同。似乎苗叶的功效长于治疗上部疾病，所以《金匮要略》中有治疗咳嗽且脉象沉者，用泽漆汤主治的方法。）
甘遂
洁净膀胱（指通过利尿作用使膀胱排空）而有功效。进入肾经，通利肠道，直达水邪凝结之处。宣通经络气血而无滞碍。性寒味苦。生成时带有阴毒，不可轻易投用。（甘遂这味药专门用于行水攻决。味道苦能泄降，寒性能胜热，直达水气凝结的地方，是泻水的圣药。肾主水，所以入肾经。能去痰的原因，是因为痰的根本是水。但是不可轻易使用。）
蓖麻子
辛温，具有吸引拔毒的功效。宣通风气，利通孔窍。味苦有毒，作为外敷药物。能拔出腐肉，提起脓液。（蓖麻子辛苦微甘，性温有毒。虽然有宣通风气、利通水道的能力，但终究是外用的药物，长于吸引和提拔。所以凡是口眼歪斜，以及妇人子宫下垂等证候，都可以将此药研碎涂抹。至于外科中提脓化腐，尤为得力。）
Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos)
Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians, and also extends to the Kidney meridian. It immediately eliminates phlegm-fluid retention gathered in the chest and abdomen. It guides water from the upper and lower orifices to unblock the intestines, instantly resolving latent dampness and phlegm. It disperses blood stasis and reduces swelling. Its taste is bitter and acrid, its nature is warm, and it is toxic. (Yuanhua tastes bitter and acrid, appears yellowish-red, has a warm nature, and is toxic. It enters the blood aspect of the Spleen, Lung, and Kidney meridians, specifically purging water pathogens from the upper and lower parts. Because it is a flower, it can both purge and disperse; unlike Shanglu (Phytolaccae Radix), which is heavy and sinking and cannot break blood stasis, and their thermal natures differ. However, toxic substances should not be administered lightly.)
Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix)
Unblocks the intestines and purges the viscera. Its taste is bitter and acrid, and its nature is cold and sinking. It guides water flow and moves blood stasis. It enters the Liver and Spleen meridians and reaches the Kidney meridian. It can also induce sweating and reduce carbuncles. Zeqi (Euphorbiae Helioscopiae Herba) is its seedling/young plant; its efficacy in treating Yin toxicity resembles that of Daji. (Daji inherits the Yin-toxic Qi of Heaven and Earth. Its root is purple-black with yellow hues, tastes bitter and acrid, and is cold. Upon ingestion, it feels like being pierced by a halberd in the throat. It enters the blood aspect of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. Its function specializes in purging water and dissipating nodules, unblocking the Zang-Fu organs. It can also move blood, reduce swelling, induce sweating to treat wind, and use toxicity to attack toxins; thus, it treats conditions such as Gu poison and epidemic toxins. Zeqi is the seedling of Daji, sharing the same nature, taste, and functions. The seedling and leaves seem to excel in treating upper-body ailments; hence, in *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, there is a method using Zeqi Tang for coughing with a deep pulse.)
Gansui (Kansui Radix)
It has merit in cleansing the Bladder (promoting urination). It enters the Kidney meridian and unblocks the intestines, reaching directly to where water pathogens are knotted. It disseminates through the meridians without stagnation. Its nature is cold and its taste is bitter. Generated with Yin toxicity, it must not be administered lightly. (This herb, Gansui, is specialized for moving water and breaking obstructions. Its bitter taste allows for draining, and its cold nature overcomes heat. It reaches directly to where water Qi is knotted, making it a holy medicine for purging water. Since the Kidney governs water, it enters the Kidney meridian. It can eliminate phlegm because the root of phlegm is water. However, it must not be used lightly.)
Bimazi (Ricini Semen)
Acrid and warm, it possesses the power of attraction. It disseminates wind and unblocks orifices. Bitter and toxic, it is used as an external application. It extracts rot and draws out pus. (Ricini Semen is acrid, bitter, and slightly sweet, with a warm nature and toxicity. Although it has the ability to disseminate wind and promote water metabolism, it is ultimately an external substance, excelling in attraction and extraction. Therefore, it can be ground and applied for conditions such as facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes) and uterine prolapse in women. In external surgery, for drawing out pus and transforming rot, it is particularly effective.)