解酲止渴。辛甘可以醒脾。快膈和中。畅达颇能理气。为果馔之足供。非药石之所
采。（金橘皮甘酸而平。辛香不燥。可供果馔之需。用以解酲止渴颇佳。即食之亦能下气快
膈。不过亦总非治病之物耳。）
味属甘酸行血分。可散可升。性专温热达肝家。止酲止痢。（杨梅水果也。甘酸可口
。解酲止渴。固所宜然。但多食之。即觉气升上壅。易致头汗鼻衄。其为热性可知。能治痢
者。亦升散之意也。行血活血。亦意中事耳。）
（李时珍曰。谷者。民之所赖以生者也。周官有五谷九谷之名。诗人有八谷百谷之咏。
谷之类可谓繁矣。然五方之气不同。九州之产各异。若不辨其五色之异宜。五味之良毒。岂
可终日食之。而不知其气味损益乎。）
\r山药\pq105a1.bmp\r
清肺脾之余热。论出前贤。治风气与虚劳。方由金匮。（山药一名薯蓣。虽处处皆有。亦以
怀产者为胜。色白。味甘。性平。略带苦涩。入脾肺两经。能养胃健脾。益肺阴。固肾脱。
凡脾虚泄泻。肺虚咳嗽。肾虚遗滑等证。皆可用之。不寒不燥。为补虚羸之药品。但性偏腻
涩。如脾虚湿胜之人。则不可用。山药之能入肾者。因其味涩。涩可固脱。止泄泻遗滑等证
。故类及于肾耳。毕竟非肾之正药也。）
解除酒醉，止住口渴。辛味和甘味能够唤醒脾脏的功能。宽畅胸膈，调和脾胃。气机通畅达理的能力颇强。是果品膳食中值得供应的食材，并非药物采集的对象。（金橘皮味甘、酸而性平，辛香而不燥烈。可以满足果品的需求，用来解除酒醉、止住口渴效果很好。即使食用也能下气宽膈。不过终究不是治疗疾病的物品罢了。）
味道属于甘酸，作用于血分。具有发散和升提的特性。药性专门温热，通达肝脏。能解除酒醉，止住痢疾。（杨梅是水果。味甘酸可口。解除酒醉、止住口渴，本是适宜的。但是多吃之后，就会觉得气机上逆壅滞，容易导致头部出汗、鼻出血。其热性的特点可以由此得知。能治疗痢疾的原因，也是升散的作用机理。运行血液、活血，也在情理之中。）
（李时珍说：谷物，是百姓赖以生存的食物。《周礼》中有五谷、九谷的名称，诗人有八谷、百谷的歌咏。谷物的种类可以说非常繁多。然而五方的气候之气不同，九州出产的物产各异。如果不辨别它们五色对应的适宜情况，五味的好坏毒性，怎么可以整天食用，却不知道它们对身体的补益或损害呢？）
山药
清除肺、脾的余热，论述出自前代贤人。治疗风气病与虚劳，方剂源自《金匮要略》。（山药又名薯蓣，虽然到处都有生长，但以怀庆府出产的为优。颜色白，味甘，性平，略带苦涩。入脾、肺两经。能养胃健脾，补益肺阴，固涩肾气脱失。凡是脾虚泄泻，肺虚咳嗽，肾虚遗精滑泄等证候，都可以使用它。不寒不燥，是补益虚弱羸瘦的药物。但药性偏于腻涩，如果是脾虚湿气盛的人，则不可使用。山药之所以能入肾，是因为它的味道涩，涩味可以固涩脱失，治疗泄泻、遗精滑泄等证候。所以将其归类于肾经。毕竟它不是肾脏的正治药物。）
Relieves drunkenness and quenches thirst. The pungent and sweet flavors can awaken the Spleen. Relaxes the chest and harmonizes the Middle Jiao. Its ability to promote the smooth flow of Qi is considerable. It is a sufficient provision for fruit cuisine, but not an object of medicinal collection. (Golden tangerine peel is sweet, sour, and neutral in nature. Its pungent fragrance is not drying. It can meet the needs of fruit cuisine. It is excellent for relieving drunkenness and quenching thirst. Even eating it can descend Qi and relax the diaphragm. However, it is ultimately not a substance for treating diseases.)
The flavor belongs to sweet and sour, acting in the Blood level. It can disperse and ascend. Its nature is specifically warm and hot, reaching the Liver. It relieves drunkenness and stops dysentery. (Yangmei is a fruit. It is sweet, sour, and palatable. Relieving drunkenness and quenching thirst is indeed appropriate. However, excessive consumption causes Qi to rise and become obstructed, easily leading to head sweating and epistaxis. Its hot nature can be known from this. The reason it can treat dysentery is also due to its ascending and dispersing intent. Moving blood and invigorating blood are also within expectation.)
(Li Shizhen said: Grains are what the people rely on for life. The *Rites of Zhou* has names for five grains and nine grains. Poets have odes for eight grains and a hundred grains. The categories of grains can be said to be numerous. However, the Qi of the five directions differs, and the products of the nine provinces vary. If one does not distinguish their suitability according to the five colors, and the good or toxic nature of the five flavors, how can one eat them all day without knowing their benefits and harms?)
Chinese Yam
Clears residual heat from the Lungs and Spleen; this discussion comes from former sages. Treats Wind disorders and Consumption; the formulas originate from the *Jin Gui Yao Lue*. (Chinese Yam, also known as *Shuyu*, grows everywhere, but those produced in Huaiqing are superior. It is white in color, sweet in taste, and neutral in nature, with a slight bitter-astringent aftertaste. It enters the Spleen and Lung meridians. It can nourish the Stomach and strengthen the Spleen, benefit Lung Yin, and secure Kidney essence against leakage. For conditions such as Spleen deficiency diarrhea, Lung deficiency cough, and Kidney deficiency spermatorrhea or slippery discharge, it can be used. It is neither cold nor drying, making it a medicinal material for tonifying weakness and emaciation. However, its nature tends to be cloying and astringent; thus, it should not be used for individuals with Spleen deficiency and dampness excess. The reason Chinese Yam can enter the Kidney is because its taste is astringent; astringency can secure leakage and treat conditions like diarrhea and spermatorrhea. Therefore, it is classified under the Kidney. After all, it is not the primary herb for the Kidney.)