无毒 丛生
蓬 （出神农本经）主安五脏益精气长阴令坚强志倍力有子久服轻身不老（以上朱字神
农
本经）
覆盆【苗】〔图经曰〕蓬 即覆盆子之苗茎也蔓短不过尺茎叶皆有刺花白子黄赤色形如半弹
丸而下有茎承之如柿蒂状小儿多食其实江南人谓之莓然其地所生差晚而功用则同古方用叶汁
滴目中去肤赤有虫出如丝线者是也〔唐本注云〕蓬 覆盆一物异名亦如蜀漆与常山异条芎
与蘼芜各用今以附入果部者盖其子是覆盆故也【地】〔图经曰〕生荆山平泽及冤句今处处有
之秦吴尤多〔道地〕成州【时】〔生〕春生苗〔采〕五月取苗不拘时取叶【收】曝干【用】
苗叶【色】青绿【味】酸咸【性】平收【气】味浓于气阴中之阳【臭】香【主】益精强志【制】
捣
无毒 丛生
覆盆子主益气轻身令发不白（名医所录）【名】悬钩子【苗】〔衍义曰〕覆盆子四五月红
熟山
当覆
用也【地】〔图经曰〕生荆山平泽及冤句今处处有之秦吴地尤多【时】〔生〕三月生苗〔采〕
五
阳中之阴【臭】朽【主】补肝明目滋阴驻颜【制】〔雷公云〕凡使用东流水淘去黄叶并皮蒂
尽了
熬
虚
〔
目暗等疾【赝】茅莓为伪
无毒 浮生
芰（音技）实主安中补五脏不饥轻身（名医所录）【名】菱 浮菱 水菱 菱角【苗】〔图
经曰〕芰菱实也叶似荇浮在水面花黄白色昼合夜开随月转移犹葵之向日也花落而实生实有红
绿二种潜向水中成熟南人取茎淹作菹食之然肿亦多有四角者有二角者其皮嫩谓之浮菱生食之
味
芰今世俗谓之菱角煮食可以代粮然不益脾又有水菱亦芰也但大而脆可生食修合治疗未闻其用
【地】〔图经曰〕生庐江江南山东今处处有之【时】〔生〕三月生苗五月开花〔采〕夏秋取实
【收】曝干【用】实【色】壳青红肉白【味】甘【性】平冷【气】气之薄者阳中之阴【臭】
香【主】补五脏【合治】蒸作粉合蜜渍食之以断谷【禁】多食令人腹胀满用暖酒和姜饮一两
盏即消性冷不可多食令人阴不强生者不宜多食令人脏冷损阳气【解】丹石毒
无毒。丛生。
覆盆（覆盆子）【苗】〔《图经》曰〕蓬蘽即覆盆子的苗茎。蔓短不超过一尺，茎叶都有刺，花白色，果实黄赤色，形状像半个弹丸，下面有茎承托，像柿蒂的形状。小孩多吃它的果实，江南人叫它莓。然而当地所产的稍晚成熟，但功用相同。古方用叶汁滴眼，能去除肤赤、有虫出如丝线等病症。〔《唐本注》云〕蓬蘽与覆盆是一物异名，也像蜀漆与常山分列不同条目，芎藭与蘼芜各有所用。现在将其附入果部，大概是因为它的果实是覆盆的缘故。【地】〔《图经》曰〕生长在荆山平泽及冤句，现在到处都有，秦吴地区尤其多。【道地】成州。【时】〔生〕春生苗。〔采〕五月取苗，不拘时取叶。【收】曝干。【用】苗叶。【色】青绿。【味】酸咸。【性】平。收【气】味浓于气，阴中之阳。【臭】香。【主】益精强志。【制】捣。
无毒。丛生。
覆盆子主益气轻身令发不白（名医所录）。【名】悬钩子。【苗】〔《衍义》曰〕覆盆子四五月红熟，山当覆用也。【地】〔《图经》曰〕生荆山平泽及冤句今处处有之秦吴地尤多。【时】〔生〕三月生苗。〔采〕五阳中之阴。【臭】朽。【主】补肝明目滋阴驻颜。【制】〔雷公云〕凡使用东流水淘去黄叶并皮蒂尽了熬虚〔目暗等疾。【赝】茅莓为伪。
无毒。浮生。
芰（音技）实主安中补五脏不饥轻身（名医所录）。【名】菱 浮菱 水菱 菱角。【苗】〔《图经》曰〕芰菱实也叶似荇浮在水面花黄白色昼合夜开随月转移犹葵之向日也花落而实生实有红绿二种潜向水中成熟南人取茎淹作菹食之然肿亦多有四角者有二角者其皮嫩谓之浮菱生食之味芰今世俗谓之菱角煮食可以代粮然不益脾又有水菱亦芰也但大而脆可生食修合治疗未闻其用。【地】〔《图经》曰〕生庐江江南山东今处处有之。【时】〔生〕三月生苗五月开花。〔采〕夏秋取实。【收】曝干。【用】实。【色】壳青红肉白。【味】甘。【性】平冷。【气】气之薄者阳中之阴。【臭】香。【主】补五脏。【合治】蒸作粉合蜜渍食之以断谷。【禁】多食令人腹胀满用暖酒和姜饮一两盏即消性冷不可多食令人阴不强生者不宜多食令人脏冷损阳气。【解】丹石毒。
Non-toxic. Grows in dense clusters.
Rubus chingii (Fupenzi) 【Seedling】 [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states] Pengli is the seedling and stem of Rubus chingii. The vine is short, not exceeding one chi, with thorns on both stems and leaves. The flowers are white, and the fruits are yellowish-red, shaped like half a pellet, supported at the base by a stem resembling a persimmon calyx. Children who eat its fruit frequently are referred to it as "Mei" in Jiangnan. Although locally produced varieties mature slightly later, their medicinal efficacy is the same. Ancient prescriptions use the juice from the leaves applied to the eyes to treat conditions such as redness of the skin and discharge of thread-like worms. [Tang Ben Zhu notes] Pengli and Fupenzi are different names for the same substance, similar to how Shuqi and Changshan are listed separately, or Xiongqiong and Miwu are used differently. It is now included in the Fruit section primarily because its fruit is known as Fupenzi. 【Habitat】 [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states] Grows in Jing Mountain, flat marshes, and Yuanju; now found everywhere, especially abundant in Qin and Wu regions. 【Authentic Origin】 Chengzhou. 【Season】 [Growth] Seedlings emerge in spring. [Harvest] Harvest seedlings in May; leaves can be harvested at any time. [Processing] Sun-dry. [Part Used] Seedlings and leaves. [Color] Bluish-green. [Flavor] Sour and salty. [Nature] Neutral. Absorption: Qi absorption is stronger than flavor; Yang within Yin. [Odor] Fragrant. [Main Action] Benefits essence, strengthens willpower. [Preparation] Crushed.
Non-toxic. Grows in dense clusters.
Rubus chingii fruit benefits Qi, lightens the body, and prevents hair whitening (Recorded by Famous Physicians). 【Name】 Xuangouzi. 【Seedling】 [Extended Meaning states] Rubus chingii turns red and ripe in the fourth and fifth months, covering the mountains. 【Habitat】 [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states] Grows in Jing Mountain, flat marshes, and Yuanju; now found everywhere, especially abundant in Qin and Wu regions. 【Season】 [Growth] Seedlings emerge in March. [Harvest] ... Yang within Yin. [Odor] Rotten. [Main Action] Tonifies Liver, brightens eyes, nourishes Yin, and preserves youth. [Preparation] [Lei Gong says] When using, wash with flowing water from the east until yellow leaves, peel, and stalks are removed completely, then stir-fry... deficiency [and diseases such as dim vision]. [Counterfeit] Rubus parvifolius is counterfeit.
Non-toxic. Floats on water.
Trapa bispinosa fruit benefits the middle Jiao, tonifies the Five Zang organs, prevents hunger, and lightens the body (Recorded by Famous Physicians). 【Name】 Ji, Fuling, Shuilng, Lingjiao. 【Seedling】 [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states] Ji and Ling are the same fruit. Leaves resemble Nymphoides peltata, floating on the water surface. Flowers are yellowish-white, closing during the day and opening at night, shifting with the moon just as sunflowers follow the sun. After flowers fall, fruits develop. There are two types of fruits, red and green, which mature underwater. Southerners pickle the stems as a vegetable. Some have four angles, others two. Those with tender skin are called Fuling; eaten raw, they taste like Ji. Nowadays, people commonly call them Lingjiao. Boiled, they can replace grain, but do not benefit the Spleen. There is also Shuilng, which is also Ji, but larger and crisp, suitable for raw consumption. Its use in compounding and treatment has not been heard of. 【Habitat】 [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica states] Grows in Lujiang, Jiangnan, and Shandong; now found everywhere. 【Season】 [Growth] Seedlings emerge in March, flowers bloom in May. [Harvest] Harvest fruits in summer and autumn. [Processing] Sun-dry. [Part Used] Fruit. [Color] Shell bluish-red, flesh white. [Flavor] Sweet. [Nature] Neutral and cold. [Qi] Thin Qi; Yang within Yin. [Odor] Fragrant. [Main Action] Tonifies the Five Zang organs. [Combined Treatment] Steamed into powder, mixed with honey, and soaked for consumption to abstain from grain. [Contraindications] Excessive consumption causes abdominal distension and fullness. Drinking one or two cups of warm wine with ginger resolves this. Due to its cold nature, excessive consumption weakens the Yin and may cause coldness in the viscera, damaging Yang Qi. Raw consumption should be limited to avoid causing coldness in the organs. [Antidote] Resolves Dan Shi toxicity.