燥，去风寒湿，宣，下气开郁
辛苦大热，有小毒。入足太阴（脾）血分，少阴、厥阴（肾、肝）气分（其气燥，故专
入肝而旁及脾、肾）。润肝燥脾，温中下气，除湿解郁，去痰杀虫，开腠理，逐风寒。
治厥阴头痛（仲景用吴茱萸汤），阴毒腹痛（痛在小腹），呕逆吞酸（俗名醋心。亦有吐
酸者，宜降火清痰，用吴萸作响导。蔡中丞苦痰饮，率十日一发，头痛背寒，呕酸不食。得
一方，茯苓、吴萸汤泡七次，等分，蜜丸，名吴仙丹。前、后痰方无此者），痞满噎膈（胃
冷）。食积泻痢，血痹阴疝，痔疾肠风，香港脚水肿，口舌生疮（为末，醋调贴足心，过夜便
愈，能引热下行），冲脉为病，气逆里急（宜此主之）。性虽热，而能引热下行（段成式言∶
椒性善下，吴萸性上，似不尽然。寇宗 曰∶此物下气甚速。东垣曰∶浊阴不降，厥气上逆，
膈塞胀满，非吴萸不可治也。昂按∶吴萸辛热，故性上。气味俱浓，故善降），利大肠壅气
（故治肠风痔痢），下产后余血（故产后必用之）。然走气动火，昏目发疮，血虚有火者禁用。
陈者良。泡去苦烈汁用（须泡数次）。止呕，黄连水炒。治疝，盐水炒。治血，醋炒。恶丹
参、硝石。
宣，散寒湿，燥，补火
辛热纯阳。入肺，发汗散寒，治风寒咳嗽。入脾，暖胃燥湿，消食除胀，治心腹冷痛、
吐泻 痢、痰饮水肿（《千金方》有人冷气入阴囊肿满，生椒择净，帛裹着丸囊，浓半寸，
须臾热气大通，日再易，取消瘥。梅师用桂末涂亦良）；入右肾命门，补火，治肾气上逆（能
下行导火归元。每日吞三十粒，大能温补下焦），阳衰溲数、阴汗泄精（下焦虚寒）。坚齿明
目，破血通经，除症安蛔（虫见椒则伏。仲景蛔厥乌梅丸用之。凡虫嚼腹痛者，面白唇红，
时发时止）。杀鬼疰、虫、鱼毒（最杀劳虫。危氏神授丸。川椒炒出汗，为末，米饮下三钱。
有人病传尸劳，遇异人传此方，服至二斤，吐出虫如蛇而安）。肺、胃素热者忌服（丹溪曰∶
食椒既久，则火自水中生，多被其毒也）。秦产名秦椒，俗名花椒，实稍大；蜀产肉浓皮皱
为川椒。闭口者杀人，微炒去汗，捣，去里面黄壳，取红用（名椒红）。得盐良（入肾）。使
杏仁。畏款冬、防风、附子、雄黄、麻仁、凉水（椒乃玉衡星之精，辟疫伏邪，故岁旦饮椒
柏酒）。
子，名椒目，苦辛。专行水道，不行谷道。能治水臌，除胀定喘，及肾虚耳鸣。
吴茱萸：味辛、苦，性大热，有小毒。归足太阴脾经的血分，以及足少阴肾经、足厥阴肝经的气分（因其气燥烈，故主要入肝经，并兼及脾、肾二经）。具有润肝燥脾、温中降逆、除湿解郁、祛痰杀虫、开泄腠理、驱逐风寒的功效。主治厥阴头痛（张仲景使用吴茱萸汤治疗）、阴毒腹痛（疼痛位于小腹）、呕吐逆气吞酸（俗称“醋心”。也有吐酸水的，宜用降火清痰法，以吴茱萸煎汤为引；蔡中丞深受痰饮之苦，每十日发作一次，表现为头痛、背寒、呕吐酸水不能进食。得到一方：茯苓与吴茱萸各等分，吴茱萸用汤泡七次，制成蜜丸，名为吴仙丹。前文、后文的治痰方剂中没有此药）、痞满噎膈（因胃寒所致）、食积导致的泻痢、血痹、阴疝、痔疾、肠风、脚气水肿、口舌生疮（将药研末，用醋调匀贴敷于足心，过夜即可痊愈，能引导热邪下行）、冲脉病变引起的气逆里急（适宜以此药为主治疗）。其性虽热，但能引导热邪下行（段成式说：花椒性善下行，吴茱萸性善上行，似乎不完全正确。寇宗奭说：此物降气速度极快。李东垣说：浊阴不降，厥气上逆，导致膈塞胀满，非吴茱萸不可治。汪昂按语：吴茱萸辛热，所以性质上行；气味浓厚，所以善于降气）。能通利大肠壅滞之气（故能治疗肠风痔痢），排出产后余血（故产后必用）。然而，本品走窜耗气动火，会导致目昏、诱发疮疡，血虚有火者禁用。陈久的药材质量较好。使用前需用水泡去苦烈之汁（须浸泡多次）。止呕可用黄连水炒制；治疝痛可用盐水炒制；治血证可用醋炒制。忌与丹参、硝石同用。
川椒：味辛，性热，属纯阳之品。归肺经，能发汗散寒，治疗风寒咳嗽。归脾经，能暖胃燥湿，消食除胀，治疗心腹冷痛、吐泻痢疾、痰饮水肿（《千金方》记载有人冷气侵入阴囊导致肿胀，取新鲜花椒洗净，用丝绸包裹敷在阴囊上，厚度约半寸，不久热气通畅，每日更换两次，症状消除。梅师用桂末涂抹也有效）；归右肾命门，能补火，治疗肾气上逆（能下行引导火气回归本源。每日吞服三十粒，大能温补下焦），治疗阳气衰微导致的小便频数、阴部出汗、遗精（属下焦虚寒）。能坚固牙齿、明目、破血通经、消除癥积、安蛔（虫子见到花椒就会伏卧。张仲景的乌梅丸中使用它。凡是虫扰引起的腹痛，患者面色白而嘴唇红，疼痛时发时止）。能杀鬼疰、虫、鱼毒（最能杀灭劳虫。危氏的神授丸：将川椒炒出汗水，研为细末，米汤送服三钱。有人患传尸劳病，遇异人传授此方，服用至两斤，吐出如蛇般的虫子而痊愈）。肺、胃素来有热者忌服（朱丹溪说：吃花椒久了，火气会从水中产生，多受其毒性伤害）。产于秦地的叫秦椒，俗称花椒，果实稍大；产于蜀地的肉厚皮皱，称为川椒。闭口的花椒有毒杀人，需微炒去汗，捣碎，去掉里面的黄色壳，取红色的部分使用（称为椒红）。得盐则良（入肾经）。使药为杏仁。畏款冬花、防风、附子、雄黄、麻仁、凉水（花椒是玉衡星的精华，能辟疫驱邪，所以元旦饮用椒柏酒）。
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus): Pungent, bitter, very hot in nature, with slight toxicity. Enters the blood aspect of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian, and the qi aspect of the Shaoyin Kidney and Jueyin Liver meridians (due to its drying nature, it specifically enters the Liver channel and extends to the Spleen and Kidney). It moistens the Liver and dries the Spleen, warms the Middle and directs rebellious Qi downward, dispels dampness and relieves depression, eliminates phlegm and kills parasites, opens the interstices (Couli), and expels wind-cold. It treats Jueyin headache (Zhang Zhongjing uses Wuzhuyu Tang), Yin poison abdominal pain (pain in the lower abdomen), vomiting with acid regurgitation (commonly known as "vinegar heart". For those who vomit acid, fire-clearing and phlegm-resolving methods are suitable, using Wuzhuyu decoction as a guide; Chancellor Cai suffered from phlegm-fluid retention, attacking every ten days with headache, cold back, vomiting acid, and inability to eat. He obtained a prescription: equal parts of Fuling (Poria) and Wuzhuyu, where Wuzhuyu is soaked seven times in decoction, made into honey pills, named Wuxian Dan. This is not found in previous or subsequent phlegm formulas), fullness and dysphagia (due to stomach cold), food stagnation diarrhea and dysentery, blood bi, Yin hernia, hemorrhoids, intestinal wind, beriberi edema, mouth and tongue sores (grind into powder, mix with vinegar, apply to the sole of the foot overnight for cure, guides heat downward), diseases of the Chong vessel causing Qi rebellion and internal urgency (this herb is suitable as the main treatment). Although its nature is hot, it can guide heat downward (Duan Chengshi stated: Zanthoxylum nature favors descending, Wuzhuyu nature favors ascending, which seems not entirely accurate. Kou Zongshi said: This herb descends Qi very rapidly. Li Dongyuan said: When turbid Yin does not descend and Jue Qi rebels upward, causing diaphragmatic obstruction and distension, only Wuzhuyu can treat it. Ang notes: Wuzhuyu is pungent and hot, hence its nature ascends; its flavor and aroma are dense, hence it excels at descending). It benefits the large intestine by resolving stagnant Qi (thus treating intestinal wind and hemorrhoidal dysentery), and expels residual blood postpartum (thus essential after childbirth). However, it moves Qi and stirs Fire, causes blurred vision and induces sores, and is contraindicated in cases of Blood deficiency with Fire. Aged herbs are superior. Soak to remove bitter and acrid juices (soak multiple times). To stop vomiting, stir-fry with Coptidis Rhizoma water. To treat hernia, stir-fry with salt water. To treat blood disorders, stir-fry with vinegar. Adversely reacts with Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Niter (Natrii Sulfas).
Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium): Pungent, hot, purely Yang. Enters the Lung meridian, induces sweating and disperses cold, treating wind-cold cough. Enters the Spleen meridian, warms the Stomach and dries dampness, resolves food stagnation and reduces distension, treating cold pain in the heart and abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, and phlegm-fluid edema (The Qianjin Fang records a case of cold Qi entering the scrotum causing swelling; fresh Zanthoxylum was selected, cleaned, wrapped in silk, and applied to the scrotum, half an inch thick. Soon, warm Qi flowed freely, changed twice daily until cured. Mei Shi used cinnamon powder application with good effect); enters the Right Kidney Mingmen, tonifies Fire, treats rebellious Kidney Qi (can descend and guide Fire back to its source. Swallow thirty grains daily, greatly warming and tonifying the Lower Jiao), treating Yang deficiency with frequent urination, Yin sweating, and seminal emission (Lower Jiao deficiency cold). Strengthens teeth, brightens eyes, breaks Blood, unblocks menstruation, eliminates masses, and calms roundworms (worms subside upon encountering Zanthoxylum. Zhang Zhongjing's Wumei Wan uses it. For abdominal pain caused by worms, the patient has a pale face and red lips, with intermittent pain). Kills Gui Zhu, insects, and fish toxins (most effective against labor worms. Wei Shi's Shenshou Pill: Stir-fry Chuanjiao until sweat appears, grind to powder, take three qian with rice drink. Someone suffering from transmission tuberculosis received this formula from an immortal, took two jin, vomited out snake-like worms, and recovered). Contraindicated in those with pre-existing Heat in the Lung and Stomach (Zhu Danxi said: Long-term consumption of Zanthoxylum generates Fire from Water, leading to toxicity). Herbs from Qin are called Qinjiao, commonly known as Huajiao, with slightly larger fruits; those from Shu have thick flesh and wrinkled skin, called Chuanjiao. Closed-mouth Zanthoxylum is toxic and can kill; it must be lightly stir-fried to remove moisture, crushed, and the inner yellow shell removed, using only the red part (called Jiaohong). Synergizes well with Salt (enters Kidney). Used with Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed). Incompatible with Kuaodonghua (Adenophorae Caulis), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), Xionghuang (Realgar), Mahren (Hemp Seed), and cold water (Zanthoxylum is the essence of the Yuheng Star, repelling epidemics and latent pathogens, hence drinking Zanthoxylum and Cypress wine on New Year's Day).
Jiaomu (Zanthoxyli Semen): The seed of Zanthoxylum, bitter and pungent. Specifically acts on the water pathways, not the grain pathways. Treats water distension (ascites), reduces distension, calms asthma, and treats tinnitus due to Kidney deficiency.