燥痰，外用治疮
辛热有毒。取油治疮癣疥癞，有杀虫劫毒之功（丹溪曰∶粗工治大风病，佐以大风油，
殊不知此物性热，有燥痰之功而伤血，至有病将愈而先失明者）。出南番。子中有仁，白色
，久则油黄，不可用。入丸药，压去油。
宣通经络，滑痰泻热
甘平。除风热，化痰涎，开经络，行血气。治中风失音，惊痫痰迷，眩晕烦闷，消渴热
痢，为去风化痰妙药。气虚、食少者忌之（《延年秘录》云∶热多用竹沥，寒多用荆沥。丹
溪曰∶虚痰用竹沥，实痰用荆沥，并宜姜汁助送，则不凝滞）。
牡荆俗名黄荆，截取尺余，架砖上，中间火炙，两头承取汁用。
泻火，滑痰，润燥
甘寒而滑。消风降火，润燥行痰，养血益阴（竹之有沥，犹人之有血也。故能补阴清火）
。利窍明目。
治中风口噤，痰迷大热，风痉癫狂，烦闷（《产乳》方∶妊娠苦烦名子烦，竹沥不限多
少细服。梅师加茯苓煎）消渴，血虚自汗。然寒胃滑肠、有寒湿者勿服（《经疏》曰∶中风
要药。凡中风未有不因阴虚火旺、痰热壅结所致，如果外来风邪，安得复用此寒滑之药治之
哉！丹溪曰∶痰在经络、四肢、皮里、膜外者，非此不能达行。又曰∶味甘性缓，能除阴虚
之有大热者。寒而能补，胎后不碍虚，胎前不损子。世人因本草大寒二字，弃而不用，然人
食笋，至老未有因寒而病者。沥，即笋之液也，又假火而成，何寒如此之甚耶？治法云∶竹
沥和米煮粥，能治反胃）。竹类甚多，淡行肉薄，节间有粉，多汁而甘，最良； 竹坚而节
促，皮白如霜；苦竹本粗叶大，笋味苦。入药，惟此三种，功用略同。竹茹即刮取青皮。竹
沥如取荆沥法。姜汁为使（姜能除痰，且济其寒）。
笋尖发痘疮（《本草》未载。昂按∶笋蕨多食，皆能燥血，故笋有刮肠篦之名。惟同肉
煮食，则无害也）。
燥痰，外用治疗疮疡。
（大风子）味辛、性热，有毒。提取其油脂用于治疗疮癣疥癞，具有杀虫和攻毒的功效。（朱丹溪说：粗劣的医生治疗麻风病时，辅助使用大风子油，却不知道此物性质温热，虽有消除燥痰的作用但会损伤血液，甚至导致疾病即将痊愈时先出现失明的情况）。产自南洋地区。果实中有仁，颜色白色，时间久了油脂变黄，就不能使用了。制作丸药时，需压榨去除油脂。
宣通经络，滑利痰涎，泻除热邪。
（荆沥）味甘、性平。能祛除风热，化解痰涎，开通经络，运行血气。治疗中风导致的失音，惊痫痰迷，眩晕烦闷，消渴，热痢，是祛风化痰的妙药。气虚、食欲不振者忌用。（《延年秘录》记载：热证多用竹沥，寒证多用荆沥。朱丹溪说：虚痰用竹沥，实痰用荆沥，并且都适宜用姜汁送服，这样就不会造成凝滞）。
牡荆俗名黄荆，截取一尺多长的枝条，架在砖上，中间用火烘烤，两头承接流出的汁液使用。
泻火，滑利痰涎，润燥。
（竹沥）味甘、性寒且滑腻。能消散风邪、降泄火气，润燥行痰，养血益阴（竹子有汁液，就像人有血液一样。所以能补阴清火）。通利孔窍，明目。
治疗中风口噤，痰迷心窍的大热证，风痉癫狂，烦闷。（《产乳方》记载：妊娠期间苦于烦闷称为“子烦”，竹沥不限多少细细服用。梅师方加茯苓煎煮）治疗消渴，血虚自汗。但是脾胃虚寒、肠滑以及有寒湿体质的人不要服用。（《经疏》说：这是治疗中风的重要药物。凡是中风没有不是因为阴虚火旺、痰热壅结所致的，如果是外来的风邪，怎么能再用这种寒凉滑利的药物治疗呢！朱丹溪说：痰在经络、四肢、皮里膜外的，不用这个药不能到达病所。又说：味道甘甜性质缓和，能清除阴虚引起的大热。寒凉而能补益，产后服用不碍于虚弱，产前服用不损伤胎儿。世人因为本草书中“大寒”这两个字，弃之不用，然而人吃笋，到老也没有因为寒凉而生病的。汁液就是笋的液体，又借助火的力量而成，怎么会有这么寒凉呢？治疗方法说：竹沥和米一起煮粥，能治疗反胃）。竹类很多，淡竹肉质薄，节间有粉，汁多味甘，品质最好；竹坚而节促，皮白如霜的是另一种；苦竹本粗叶大，笋味苦。入药用的，只有这三种，功效大致相同。竹茹就是刮取青皮。竹沥的提取方法如同荆沥。姜汁作为引经药（姜能除痰，并且能中和竹沥的寒性）。
笋尖诱发痘疮（《本草》未记载。汪昂按语：笋和蕨菜多吃，都能耗伤血液，所以笋有“刮肠篦”的名号。只有同肉一起煮食，就没有害处了）。
Phlegm-dryness, externally used to treat sores.
Acrid, hot, and toxic. Extracting its oil to treat sores, tinea, scabies, and leprosy has the effect of killing parasites and purging toxins (Zhu Danxi said: Unskilled physicians treating leprosy assist with大风子 oil [Dafengzi Oil], not realizing that this substance is hot in nature; while it has the merit of drying phlegm, it damages blood, leading to cases where patients lose their sight before the disease is cured). It originates from the Southern Barbarian regions (Nanyang). The seeds contain kernels that are white; if kept for a long time, the oil turns yellow and becomes unusable. When preparing pills, press out the oil.
To unblock meridians, lubricate phlegm, and purge heat.
Sweet and neutral. Eliminates wind-heat, transforms phlegm-saliva, opens meridians, and promotes the circulation of qi and blood. Treats aphonia due to stroke, convulsive epilepsy with phlegm confusion, dizziness, irritability, thirst (Xiaoke), and dysentery with heat. It is an excellent herb for dispelling wind and transforming phlegm. Contraindicated for those with qi deficiency and poor appetite (The *Yannian Milu* states: For heat patterns, use Bamboo Sap [Zhuli] more; for cold patterns, use Vitex Sap [Jingli] more. Zhu Danxi said: Use Bamboo Sap for deficient phlegm, and Vitex Sap for excess phlegm; both should be taken with Ginger Juice to prevent stagnation).
Vitex negundo (Mojing), commonly known as Huangjing, is cut into pieces about one chi long, placed on bricks, roasted with fire in the middle, and the juice is collected from both ends for use.
To purge fire, lubricate phlegm, and moisten dryness.
Sweet, cold, and slippery. Dissipates wind and descends fire, moistens dryness and moves phlegm, nourishes blood and benefits yin (Bamboo having sap is like humans having blood; thus, it can tonify yin and clear fire). Benefits orifices and brightens the eyes.
Treats lockjaw due to stroke, severe heat with phlegm confusing the mind, wind spasms, mania, and irritability. (The *Chanru* formula states: Pregnancy complicated by irritability is called "Zifan"; Bamboo Sap [Zhuli] should be taken in small amounts regardless of quantity. Master Mei's formula adds Poria [Fuling] and decocts it) Treats thirst (Xiaoke) and spontaneous sweating due to blood deficiency. However, it should not be taken by those with cold stomach, loose bowels, or damp-cold constitution (The *Jingshu* states: This is a key herb for treating stroke. All strokes arise from yin deficiency with hyperactive fire and phlegm-heat congestion; if it were merely external wind pathogen, how could such a cold and slippery herb be used! Zhu Danxi said: For phlegm located in meridians, limbs, under the skin, or outside membranes, nothing else can reach these areas except this herb. He also said: Its sweet taste and mild nature allow it to eliminate severe heat caused by yin deficiency. Although cold, it has tonifying properties; it does not hinder deficiency postpartum, nor does it harm the fetus prenatally. People discard it because of the words "greatly cold" in materia medica texts, yet no one gets sick from the cold after eating bamboo shoots throughout their life. The sap is simply the liquid of the shoot, formed with the aid of fire; why is it so cold? Treatment methods state: Cooking Bamboo Sap [Zhuli] with rice to make porridge can treat regurgitation). There are many types of bamboo; Danshu (Light Bamboo) has thin flesh, powder between nodes, abundant juice, and sweet taste, making it the best; another type is hard with close nodes and white frost-like skin; Kuzhu (Bitter Bamboo) has thick stems, large leaves, and bitter-tasting shoots. Only these three types are used in medicine, with roughly similar functions. Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) is obtained by scraping the green skin. Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) is extracted using the same method as Jingli. Ginger Juice is used as a guiding herb (Ginger eliminates phlegm and balances the coldness).
Bamboo shoots tips induce chickenpox (Not recorded in *Bencao*. Wang Ang notes: Eating too many bamboo shoots and ferns can damage blood, hence the nickname for bamboo shoots as "intestine-scraping comb." However, there is no harm when boiled with meat).