泻，破血，行气
苦辛（《本草》大寒。藏器、《大明》曰热）色黄，入脾兼入肝经。理血中之气，下气破
血，除风消肿，功力烈于郁金。
治气胀血积，产后败血攻心，通月经，疗扑损。片子者能入手臂，治风寒湿痹（血虚臂
痛者勿用。时珍曰∶入臂治痛，其兼理血中之气可知）。
出川广（陈藏器曰∶郁金苦寒色赤，姜黄辛温色黄）术味苦色青，三物不同，所用各别。
《经疏》曰∶姜黄主治，介乎三棱、郁金之间。时珍曰∶姜黄、郁金、莪术、形状不同，
大略相近。但郁金入心，专治血；姜黄入脾，兼治血中之气；术入肝，治气中之血，稍为不
同。今时以扁如干姜者，为片子姜黄。圆如蝉腹者，为蝉肚郁金，并可染色，术形虽似郁金，
而色不黄也）。
泻，破血，行气，消积
辛苦气温。入肝经血分。破气中之血（能通肝经聚血），消瘀通经，开胃化食，解毒止
痛。
治心腹诸痛，冷气吐酸，奔豚 癖（酒、醋磨服。 ，音贤，小腹积。 癖多见于男子
，症瘕多见于妇人。莪术香烈，行气通窍，同三棱用，治积聚诸气良。按∶五积，心积曰伏
梁，起脐上至心下；肝积曰肥气，在左胁；肺积曰息贲，在右胁；脾积曰痞气，在胃脘右侧
；肾积曰奔豚，在小腹上至心下。治之不宜专用下药，恐损真气，宜于破血行气药中，加补
脾胃药。气旺方能磨积，正旺则邪自消也。经曰∶大积大聚，其可犯也，哀其大半而止，过
者死。东垣五积方，用三棱、莪术，皆兼人参赞助成功。按治积诸药，神曲、麦芽化谷食，
莱菔化面食， 砂、阿魏、山查化肉食，紫苏化鱼、蟹毒，葛花、枳 消酒积，麝香消酒积
、果积，芫花、牵牛、大戟行水饮，三棱、莪术、鳖甲消症瘕，木香、槟榔行气滞，礞石、
蛤粉功痰积，巴豆攻冷积，大黄、芒硝攻热积，雄黄、腻粉攻涎积，虻虫、水蛭攻血积）。
虽为泄剂，亦能益气（王好古曰∶故治气短不能接续。大小七香丸、积香丸、诸汤散中多用
之）。
根如生姜，莪生根下，似卵不齐，坚硬难捣。灰火煨透，乘热捣之（入气分），或醋磨
酒磨，或煮熟用（入血分）。
（姜黄）具有泻下、破血、行气的作用。
味苦辛（《本草》记载其性大寒，陈藏器和《大明本草》认为其性热），颜色发黄，归入脾经并兼入肝经。
能调理血中的气机，下行气机、破除瘀血，祛除风邪、消除肿胀，其药力比郁金猛烈。
治疗气胀和血积，产后败血攻心，通调月经，治疗跌打损伤。
片状的姜黄能入手臂经络，治疗风寒湿痹（血虚导致的手臂疼痛者禁用。李时珍说：进入手臂治疗疼痛，可知它兼有调理血中气机的作用）。
产于四川和广东（陈藏器说：郁金苦寒色赤，姜黄辛温色黄）。
莪术味道苦，颜色青，这三种药物（三棱、郁金、莪术）性质不同，用途也各自有别。
《医宗必读·经疏》说：姜黄的主治功效，介于三棱和郁金之间。
李时珍说：姜黄、郁金、莪术，形状不同，但大体相近。
只是郁金入心经，专门治疗血病；姜黄入脾经，兼治血中的气病；莪术入肝经，治气中的血病，稍微有所不同。
现在时人把扁平像干姜的称为片子姜黄，圆得像蝉腹的称为蝉肚郁金，这些都可以用来染色，莪术的形状虽然像郁金，但颜色不黄。
（莪术）具有泻下、破血、行气、消积的作用。
味辛苦，性温。归入肝经血分。
能破除气中的血（能疏通肝经积聚的血），消除瘀血、通调月经，开胃、消化食物，解毒、止痛。
治疗心腹部各种疼痛，冷气引起的吐酸水，奔豚气和癖积（用酒或醋磨服。 ，音贤，指小腹部的积块。 癖多见于男子，症瘕多见于妇人）。
莪术气味香烈，能行气通窍，与三棱同用，治疗积聚诸气效果良好。
按语：五积，心积叫伏梁，起于脐上至心下；肝积叫肥气，在左胁；肺积叫息贲，在右胁；脾积叫痞气，在胃脘右侧；肾积叫奔豚，在小腹上至心下。
治疗这些病症不宜专用泻下药，恐怕损伤真气，应该在破血行气的药物中加入补脾胃的药。
只有气旺才能磨化积滞，正气旺盛则邪气自然消除。
经典说：对于大的积聚，可以攻伐，但要等到病势衰退大半时就停止，过度攻伐会导致死亡。
李东垣的五积方中，使用三棱、莪术，都兼用人参赞助以取得成功。
按语：治疗积聚的各种药物中，神曲、麦芽化解谷食积，莱菔子化解面食积，砂仁、阿魏、山楂化解肉食积，紫苏化解鱼、蟹毒，葛花、枳椇子化解酒积，麝香化解酒积、果积，芫花、牵牛子、大戟行水饮积，三棱、莪术、鳖甲消症瘕积，木香、槟榔行气滞积，礞石、蛤粉功痰积，巴豆攻冷积，大黄、芒硝攻热积，雄黄、腻粉攻涎积，虻虫、水蛭攻血积。
虽然属于泄剂，也能益气（王好古说：所以治疗气短不能接续的症状。大小七香丸、积香丸、各种汤散中多用之）。
根像生姜，莪术生在根下，形状像卵但不整齐，坚硬难捣碎。
在灰火中煨透，趁热捣碎（用于入气分），或者用醋磨、酒磨，或者煮熟后用（用于入血分）。
(Jianghuang, Curcuma Longa Rhizome) possesses the functions of purging (Xie), breaking blood stasis (Po Xue), and moving Qi (Xing Qi).
It has a bitter and acrid taste (Bencao records it as extremely cold in nature, while Chen Cangqi and Da Ming Bencao consider it hot). Its color is yellow, entering the Spleen meridian and concurrently the Liver meridian.
It regulates Qi within the Blood, descends Qi, breaks blood stasis, dispels wind, and reduces swelling; its medicinal potency is more vigorous than that of Yujin (Curcuma Aromatica Rhizome).
It treats abdominal distension due to Qi stagnation and blood accumulation, postpartum敗血 (retained blood) attacking the heart, unblocks menstruation, and treats traumatic injuries.
The sliced form can enter the arm meridians to treat Bi syndrome caused by Wind-Cold-Dampness (contraindicated for arm pain due to Blood deficiency. Li Shizhen stated: Entering the arms to treat pain indicates its concurrent role in regulating Qi within the Blood).
It originates from Sichuan and Guangdong (Chen Cangqi noted: Yujin is bitter, cold, and red; Jianghuang is acrid, warm, and yellow).
(Ezhu, Curcuma Zedoaria Rhizome) has a bitter taste and greenish color. These three herbs (Sanleng, Yujin, Ezhu) differ in nature and have distinct applications.
Jingshu states: The therapeutic scope of Jianghuang lies between Sanleng and Yujin.
Li Shizhen stated: Jianghuang, Yujin, and Ezhu differ in shape but are generally similar.
However, Yujin enters the Heart meridian and specifically treats Blood disorders; Jianghuang enters the Spleen meridian and treats Qi within the Blood concurrently with Blood disorders; Ezhu enters the Liver meridian and treats Blood within Qi disorders, showing slight differences.
Currently, the flat slices resembling dried ginger are called Pianzi Jianghuang, while those round like cicada abdomens are called Chandu Yujin, both of which can be used for dyeing. Although Ezhu resembles Yujin in shape, its color is not yellow.
(Ezhu) possesses the functions of purging, breaking blood stasis, moving Qi, and eliminating accumulations.
It has a bitter and acrid taste and is warm in nature. It enters the Blood aspect of the Liver meridian.
It breaks Blood within Qi (can unblock stagnant Blood in the Liver meridian), eliminates stasis, unblocks menstruation, opens the stomach, aids digestion, detoxifies, and relieves pain.
It treats various pains in the chest and abdomen, acid regurgitation due to Cold Qi, Ben Tun (fleeing pig) and Pi Ji (accumulations). (Grind with wine or vinegar for administration. , pronounced 'xian', refers to accumulations in the lower abdomen. Pi Ji is more common in men, while Zheng Jia is more common in women.)
Ezhu has a pungent aroma and strong scent, moves Qi, and unblocks orifices. When used with Sanleng, it is effective for treating various Qi accumulations.
Note: The Five Accumulations: Xin Ji (Heart Accumulation) is called Fu Liang, starting above the umbilicus to below the heart; Gan Ji (Liver Accumulation) is called Fei Qi, located in the left hypochondrium; Fei Ji (Lung Accumulation) is called Xi Ben, located in the right hypochondrium; Pi Ji (Spleen Accumulation) is called Pi Qi, located on the right side of the epigastrium; Shen Ji (Kidney Accumulation) is called Ben Tun, extending from the lower abdomen to below the heart.
Treatment should not rely solely on purgatives, lest they damage True Qi. It is advisable to add Spleen- and Stomach-tonifying herbs to blood-breaking and Qi-moving formulas. Only when Qi is robust can it grind away accumulations; when Righteous Qi is strong, Pathogenic factors naturally dissipate.
The Classics state: For large accumulations, attack may be employed, but stop when the pathogen is reduced by more than half; over-treatment leads to death.
In Dongyuan's formulas for the Five Accumulations, Sanleng and Ezhu are used alongside Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) to assist in achieving success.
Note regarding herbs for treating accumulations: Shen Qu and Mai Ya resolve grain food retention; Lai Fu Zi resolves wheat food retention; Sha Ren, Asarum, and Shan Zha resolve meat food retention; Zi Su resolves fish and crab toxicity; Ge Hua and Zhi Ju Zi resolve alcohol retention; She Xiang resolves alcohol and fruit retention; Yuan Hua, Niu Bang Zi, and Da Ji move water-fluid retention; Sanleng, Ezhu, and Bie Jia resolve Zheng Jia (masses); Mu Xiang and Bing Lang move Qi stagnation; Meng Shi and Ha Fen resolve phlegm retention; Ba Dou attacks cold retention; Da Huang and Mang Xiao attack heat retention; Xiong Huang and Ni Fen attack saliva/phlegm retention; Meng Chong and Shui Zhi attack blood retention.
Although it is a draining agent, it can also tonify Qi (Wang Haogu stated: Therefore, it treats shortness of breath where Qi cannot connect continuously. It is widely used in Da Xiao Qi Xiang Wan, Ji Xiang Wan, and various decoctions and powders).
The root resembles fresh ginger; Ezhu grows beneath the root, resembling an egg but irregular, hard and difficult to crush.
Roast thoroughly in ash fire and crush while hot (for entering the Qi aspect), or grind with vinegar or wine, or boil before use (for entering the Blood aspect).