一名绿矾
涩，燥湿，化痰
酸涌涩收。燥湿化痰、解毒杀虫之功与石矾同，而力差缓。主治略同白矾，利小便，消
食积（同健脾消食药为丸），散喉痹（醋调咽汁。时珍曰∶胀满、黄肿、疟痢、疳疾方往往
用之。其源则自仲景用矾石硝石治女劳黄胆方中变化而来）。深青莹净者良。 赤用（ 赤
名绛矾，能入血分，伐肝木，燥脾湿。张三丰治肿满，有伐木丸。苍术二斤，米泔浸，黄酒，
面曲四两炒，绛矾一斤，醋拌晒干，入瓶。火 为末，醋糊丸，酒下。或去皂矾乃铜之精液，
用醋制以平肝，胜于针铁。不必忌盐，后亦不发。多服令人泻）。
即戎盐
补肾，泻血热
甘咸而寒。入肾经，助水脏，平血热。治目痛赤涩，吐血溺血，齿舌出血，坚骨固齿（
擦牙良），明目乌须。余同食盐，出西羌。不假煎炼，方棱明莹色青者良。
泻热，润燥，补心，通二便，宣，引吐
咸甘辛寒。咸润下，故通大、小便；咸走血而寒胜热，故治目赤痈肿，血热热疾；咸补
心，故治心虚（以水制火，取既济之义，故补心药用盐炒。一人病笑不休，用盐 赤煎沸，
饮之而瘳。经曰∶神有余则笑不休。神，心火也。用盐，水制火也。一妇病此半年，张子和
亦用此法而愈）；咸入肾而主骨（故补肾药用盐汤下），故坚肌骨，治骨病齿痛（擦牙亦佳，
清火固齿。齿缝出血，夜以盐浓敷龈上，沥涎尽乃卧。或问咸能软坚，何以坚肌骨，不知骨
消筋缓，皆因湿热，热淫于内，治以咸寒，譬如生肉易溃，得盐性咸寒，则能坚久不坏也）；
咸润燥而辛泄肺（煎盐用皂角收，故味微辛）故治痰饮喘逆（《本经》∶治喘逆。惟哮症忌之）
；咸软坚，故治结核积聚。又能涌吐醒酒（水胜火），解毒（火热即毒也，能散火凉血）杀
虫（浙西将军蚓毒，每夕蚓鸣于体，一僧教以盐汤浸身，数次而愈），定痛止痒（体如虫行，
风热也，盐汤浴三四次佳。亦治一切风气。凡汤火伤，急以盐生掺之，护肉不坏，再用药敷）。
多食伤肺、走血、渗津发渴（《经曰》∶咸走血，血病毋多食咸。食咸则口干者，为能渗胃
中津液也），凡血病哮喘、水肿、消渴人为大忌（盐品颇多，江淮南北盐生于海；山西解州
盐生于池；四川、云南盐生于井；戎盐生于土；光明盐或生于阶州山崖，或产于五原盐池。
状若水晶，不假煎炼，一名水晶盐；石盐生于石；木盐生于树；蓬盐生于草，造化之妙，诚
难穷矣）。
皂矾，又名绿矾。
味涩，能燥湿、化痰。
具有酸味以涌吐，涩味以收敛的作用。其燥湿化痰、解毒杀虫的功效与石矾相同，但药力较为缓和。主治情况大致与白矾相似，可通利小便，消除食积（可与健脾消食药制成丸剂），消散喉痹（用醋调匀后含咽汁液。李时珍说：治疗腹胀满、黄肿病、疟疾痢疾、疳积疾病的方剂中常常使用它。其来源则是从张仲景使用矾石、硝石治疗女劳疸的方剂中变化而来）。颜色深青且晶莹洁净的为佳品。
赤色者称为绛矾，能进入血分，克制肝木，燥除脾湿。张三丰治疗肿胀胀满，有伐木丸一方：苍术二斤，用米泔水浸泡，黄酒润湿，与四两面曲一起炒制，加入一斤绛矾，用醋拌匀晒干，装入瓶中，煅烧成粉末，用醋糊制作丸剂，酒送服。或者去掉皂矾，因为它是铜的精液，用醋炮制可以平抑肝气，效果优于针铁。不必忌讳食盐，即使后来服用也不会复发。多服会导致腹泻。
即戎盐。
能补肾，泻血热。
味甘咸而性寒。入肾经，资助水脏，平息血热。治疗眼睛疼痛、红涩，吐血、尿血，牙齿和舌头出血，坚固骨骼和牙齿（用来擦牙效果好），明目、使胡须变黑。其余功效同食盐，产于西羌地区。不需要经过煎煮提炼，形状呈方棱状、晶莹透明、颜色青色的为佳品。
（食盐）
能泻热，润燥，补心，通利大小便，宣散，引导呕吐。
味咸甘辛而性寒。咸味滋润下行，所以能通利大、小便；咸味走血分而寒性能胜热，所以治疗眼睛红赤、痈肿，血热及热性疾病；咸味补心，所以治疗心虚（用水来制约火，取既济卦的含义，所以补心的药物常用盐炒制。有一人患笑不止的病，用盐炒赤小豆煎沸后饮用，病愈。经文说：神有余则笑不止。神，就是心火。用盐，就是用水制约火。有一位妇女患此病半年，张子和也采用这种方法治愈了）；咸味入肾而主骨（所以补肾的药物常用盐汤送服），所以能坚固肌肉骨骼，治疗骨病、齿痛（擦牙也很好，清火固齿。牙齿缝出血，晚上用浓盐水敷在牙龈上，待唾液流尽后再睡觉。有人问：咸味能软坚，为什么能坚固肌肉骨骼？不知道骨头消损、筋脉松弛，都是因为湿热，热邪淫于体内，治疗用咸寒之品，就像生肉容易腐烂，遇到盐的咸寒性质，就能坚固长久不坏）；咸味润燥而辛味泄肺（煎盐时用皂角收束，所以味道微辛），所以治疗痰饮引起的喘逆（《本经》说：治疗喘逆。只有哮症忌讳使用）；咸味能软坚，所以治疗结核积聚。又能涌吐、解酒醒神（水胜火），解毒（火热即为毒，能散火凉血），杀虫（浙西将军患有蚯蚓毒，每晚感觉蚯蚓在身体里鸣叫，一位僧人教他用盐水浸身，几次就痊愈了），定痛止痒（身体像虫子爬行，是风热所致，用盐水洗澡三四次较好。也能治疗各种风气。凡是汤火烫伤，急忙用生盐撒在上面，保护肌肉不坏，然后再用药敷）。
多吃伤肺，走血分，渗津液导致口渴（经文说：咸走血，血病患者不要多吃咸味食物。吃咸后口干，是因为它能渗透胃中的津液）。凡是有血病、哮喘、水肿、消渴病的人是大忌（盐的品种很多，江淮南北的盐生于海；山西解州的盐生于池；四川、云南的盐生于井；戎盐生于土；光明盐有的生于阶州山崖，有的产于五原盐池。形状像水晶，不需要煎煮提炼，一名水晶盐；石盐生于石头；木盐生于树；蓬盐生于草，造化的奇妙，实在难以穷尽）。
Zaofan (Vitriol), also known as Lvfan (Green Vitriol).
Astringent, dries dampness, transforms phlegm.
Sour induces vomiting, astringent retains. Its functions of drying dampness, transforming phlegm, detoxifying, and killing parasites are the same as Shifan (Alum Stone), but its potency is milder. Its indications are roughly similar to Baifan (White Alum): it promotes urination, resolves food stagnation (formulated into pills with spleen-fortifying and digestion-promoting herbs), disperses throat obstruction (mixed with vinegar and swallowed as juice. Li Shizhen said: It is often used in formulas for treating abdominal distension, yellow swelling, malaria-dysentery, and childhood malnutrition. Its origin stems from changes derived from Zhang Zhongjing's formula using Alum Stone and Niter to treat female-labor jaundice). Those that are deep blue, bright, and pure are superior.
The red variety is called Jiangfan (Crimson Vitriol); it enters the blood level, subdues Liver Wood, and dries Spleen dampness. Zhang Sanfeng treated swelling and distension with Famu Wan (Wood-Subduing Pill): Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 2 jin, soaked in rice wash water, moistened with yellow wine, stir-fried with Siangqu (Bread Qu) 4 liang; add Jiangfan 1 jin, mix with vinegar, dry, place in a bottle, calcine to powder, make pills with vinegar paste, take with wine. Or remove Zaofan, as it is the essence of copper; processed with vinegar to calm the Liver, it is superior to needle iron. There is no need to avoid salt; even if taken later, it will not recur. Excessive intake causes diarrhea.
This is Rongyan (Rong Salt).
Tonifies the Kidney, clears blood heat.
Sweet, salty, and cold. Enters the Kidney meridian, assists the Water organ, and calms blood heat. Treats eye pain, redness, and dryness; hematemesis, hematuria, bleeding from teeth and tongue; strengthens bones and teeth (good for brushing teeth), brightens eyes, and darkens beard. Its other properties are the same as Shiyan (Table Salt); it originates from the Western Qiang region. It does not require boiling or refining; those with square edges, bright and translucent, and greenish color are superior.
(Xiyan / Table Salt)
Clears heat, moistens dryness, tonifies the Heart, unblocks both bowels, disseminates, and induces vomiting.
Salty, sweet, acrid, and cold. Salty and descending, thus it unblocks large and small intestines; salty moves into blood and cold overcomes heat, thus it treats red eyes, carbuncles and sores, blood heat, and heat diseases; salty tonifies the Heart, thus it treats Heart deficiency (using water to control fire, taking the meaning of Ji Ji [Already Fulfilled], so Heart-tonifying herbs are often fried with salt. One person suffered from incessant laughter; he drank boiled decoction of salt and Chi Xiaodou [Vigna angularis] and recovered. The Classic says: When Shen [Spirit] is excessive, there is incessant laughter. Shen is the Heart Fire. Using salt is using water to control fire. A woman suffered from this for half a year; Zhang Hezi also cured her with this method); salty enters the Kidney and governs bones (so Kidney-tonifying herbs are often taken with salt water), thus it strengthens muscles and bones, treats bone diseases and toothache (brushing teeth is also good, clearing fire and strengthening teeth. For bleeding from gum spaces, apply thick salt water to the gums at night, wait until saliva drains completely, then sleep. Someone asked: Salty can soften hardness, how can it strengthen muscles and bones? Not knowing that bone resorption and tendon laxity are all due to damp-heat; when heat dominates internally, treat with salty-cold; for example, raw meat rots easily, but encountering the salty-cold nature of salt makes it firm and lasting without decay); salty moistens dryness and acrid dissipates Lung Qi (salt is refined using Zaojiao [Gleditsia Sinensis] to collect it, so the taste is slightly acrid), thus it treats phlegm-fluid retention causing wheezing and counterflow (Ben Jing says: treats wheezing. Only asthma cases should avoid it); salty softens hardness, thus it treats tubercles and accumulations. It can also induce vomiting and sober up from alcohol (water overcomes fire), detoxify (fire-heat is toxicity; it can dissipate fire and cool blood), kill parasites (the General of West Zhejiang suffered from earthworm poison, feeling worms singing in his body every evening; a monk taught him to bathe in salt water, and he recovered after several times), relieve pain and stop itching (body feels like insects crawling, which is wind-heat; bathing in salt water three or four times is good. It also treats all kinds of wind conditions. For scalds and burns, immediately sprinkle raw salt to protect the flesh from decaying, then apply medicine).
Excessive consumption injures the Lung, moves into blood, seeps fluids causing thirst (The Classic says: Salty moves into blood; those with blood diseases should not eat much salty food. Eating salty causes dry mouth because it seeps the fluids in the Stomach). It is strictly contraindicated for those with blood diseases, asthma, edema, and Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) (There are many types of salt: salts in Jianghuai north and south are produced from the sea; salt in Xiezhou, Shanxi, is produced from pools; salt in Sichuan and Yunnan is produced from wells; Rong salt is produced from soil; Guangming Salt [Bright Salt] is produced either from cliffs in Jiazhou or from salt pools in Wuyuan. It looks like crystal, requires no boiling or refining, also known as Crystal Salt; Shiyan [Stone Salt] is produced from stones; Muyan [Tree Salt] is produced from trees; Pengyan [Mound Salt] is produced from grass. The wonders of creation are truly inexhaustible).