补脾燥湿，宣，升阳散郁
甘温辛烈。燥胃强脾，发汗除湿，能升发胃中阳气（东垣曰∶雄壮上行，能除湿，下
安太阴，使邪气不传入脾），止吐泻，逐痰水（许叔微云∶苍术能治水饮之 囊，盖燥脾以
去湿，崇土以填科。日用苍术一斤，大枣五十枚，去皮捣，麻油半两，水二盏研，滤汁和丸，
名神术丸。丹溪曰∶实脾土，燥脾湿，洵是治痰之本），消肿满，辟恶气（辟一切岚瘴、邪
恶、鬼气。暑湿月，焚之佳。《夷坚志》曰∶有士人游西湖，遇一女子，明艳动人，重币求
之不得。又五年重寻旧游，怅然空返，忽遇女子，士欣然并行，过旅馆，留半岁，将议偕逝。
女曰∶向自君去，忆念之苦，感疾而亡，今非人也，但君浸阴气深，当暴泻，宜服平胃散，
以补安精血。士惊惋曰∶药味皆平，何得取效？女曰∶中有苍术除邪气，乃为上品也）。散
风寒湿，为治痿要药（阳明虚则宗筋纵弛，带脉不引故痿蹶。苍术阳明经药。经曰∶治痿独
取阳明。合黄柏为二妙散，加牛膝名三妙散）。又能总解痰、火、气、血、湿、食六郁（丹
溪曰∶诸郁皆因传化失常，气不得升降。病在中焦，将欲升之，必先降之，将欲降之，必先
升之。越鞠丸用苍术、香附。苍术能径入诸经，疏泄阳明之湿，通行敛涩，香附乃阴中快气
之药，一升一降，故郁散而平），及脾湿下流，肠风带浊（带浊赤者湿伤血分，从心、小肠
来。白者湿伤气分，从肺、大肠来。并有寒热二证，亦有因痰而带浊者，宜二陈加二术、升，
柴）。燥结多汗者忌用（南阳文氏值乱，逃往壶山，饥，因有人教以饵术，遂不饥。数十年
后归家，颜色更少，气力转健。术一名山精，一名山姜。《导仙录》曰∶子欲长生，当服山
精，子欲轻翔，当服山姜。昂按∶苍术善发汗，安能长远服食？文氏仙录之说，要亦方书夸
张之言也）。
出茅山坚小有朱砂点者良。糯米泔浸焙干，同芝麻炒，以制其燥。
二术皆防风、地榆为使，主治略同，第有止汗发汗之异。古文本草不分苍、白，陶隐
君（即宏景）言有两种，始各施用。
药性甘温而气味辛烈。能燥湿健胃、强健脾胃，发汗祛除湿邪，能够升发胃中的阳气（李东垣说：苍术雄壮上行，能祛除湿气，下行安定太阴脾经，使邪气不传入脾脏），止住呕吐和腹泻，驱逐痰饮和水湿（许叔微说：苍术能治疗水饮积聚形成的囊状病证，大概是因为它能燥湿健脾，培土制水。日常使用苍术一斤，大枣五十枚，去皮捣烂，加入麻油半两，水二盏研磨，过滤汁液后制成丸剂，名为神术丸。朱丹溪说：苍术能充实脾土，燥化脾湿，这确实是治疗痰证的根本方法）。消除肿胀痞满，辟除秽恶之气（辟除各种山岚瘴气、邪祟鬼气。在暑湿季节，焚烧苍术效果很好。《夷坚志》记载：有一位士人游览西湖，遇到一位容貌艳丽动人的女子，重金追求却未能得到。五年后再次重游旧地，怅然若失空手而归，忽然又遇见那位女子，士人欣喜地与女子同行，经过旅馆时，女子留宿了半年，准备与士人一起离去。女子说：“自从你离开后，我思念之苦，感疾而亡，如今我已不是活人，但你的阴气浸染很深，应当会突然发生暴泻，适宜服用平胃散，来补益安顿精血。”士人惊讶惋惜地说：“药味都很平和，怎么能见效呢？”女子说：“其中苍术能祛除邪气，是上品药物。”）。发散风寒湿邪，是治疗痿证的重要药物（阳明经虚弱则宗筋弛缓，带脉不能约束，所以导致痿躄。苍术是入阳明经的药物。医经说：治疗痿证应独取阳明经。苍术配合黄柏组成二妙散，加入牛膝称为三妙散）。又能总解痰、火、气、血、湿、食六种郁滞（朱丹溪说：各种郁滞都是因为传化功能失常，气机不能升降。病位在中焦，想要升发气机，必须先降逆；想要降逆，必须先升发。越鞠丸中使用苍术、香附。苍术能直接进入各条经络，疏泄阳明经的湿气，通行收敛涩滞之性；香附是阴中快气的药物，一升一降，所以郁滞消散而病情平稳），以及脾湿下注导致的肠风便血和白带浑浊（白带色赤的是湿邪损伤血分，病源来自心、小肠；色白的是湿邪损伤气分，病源来自肺、大肠。这两种情况都有寒证和热证两种类型，也有因痰湿导致的白带浑浊，适宜用二陈汤加上苍术、白术、升麻、柴胡）。大便燥结且多汗者忌用（南阳文氏正值战乱，逃往壶山，饥饿时，有人教他服用苍术，于是就不觉得饿了。几十年后回家，脸色反而更年轻，体力更加健壮。苍术又名山精，又名山姜。《导仙录》说：“你想长生，应当服用山精；你想轻身飞翔，应当服用山姜。”汪昂按语：苍术善于发汗，怎么能长期服用呢？文氏仙录的说法，恐怕也是方书夸张之言罢了）。
出自茅山，质地坚实且带有朱砂点的是佳品。用糯米泔水浸泡后焙干，同芝麻炒制，以制约其燥性。
苍术和白术都以防风、地榆为引经药，主治功效大致相同，只是有止汗和发汗的区别。古本草不分苍术和白术，陶弘景（即陶宏景）说有两种，才开始分别施用。
Tonifies the Spleen, dries dampness, diffuses Qi, and raises Yang to dissipate stagnation.
The flavor is sweet and warm, with a pungent and acrid nature. It dries the Stomach and strengthens the Spleen, induces sweating to expel dampness, and can raise the Yang Qi of the Stomach (Li Dongyuan stated: "Its vigorous ascending action can eliminate dampness; descending to calm the Taiyin [Spleen], it prevents pathogenic factors from transmitting into the Spleen"), stops vomiting and diarrhea, and drives out phlegm-fluids (Xu Shuwei said: "Cangzhu can treat fluid retention forming cystic accumulations, likely because it dries the Spleen to remove dampness and fortifies Earth to fill the marshes. Daily use of one jin of Cangzhu, fifty large dates, peeled and pounded, mixed with half liang of sesame oil and two zhan of water, ground together, filtered for juice, and formed into pills, named Shenzhu Wan. Zhu Danxi said: 'It solidifies the Spleen Earth and dries Spleen dampness; this is indeed the root treatment for phlegm.'"). Reduces swelling and fullness, wards off evil miasmas (wards off all mountain miasmas, evil qi, and ghostly qi. Burning it during the summer-damp months is beneficial. *Yijian Zhi* records: "A scholar visited West Lake and met a woman of striking beauty. Despite offering heavy payment, he could not possess her. Five years later, upon revisiting the old haunts, he returned disappointed and empty-handed. Suddenly, he encountered the same woman again. The scholar joyfully walked with her. Passing an inn, she stayed for half a year, proposing they leave together. She said, 'Since you left, my suffering from longing caused illness and death; I am no longer human. However, your Yin qi has been deeply immersed, so you will suffer sudden violent diarrhea. You should take Pingwei San to tonify and stabilize essence and blood.' The scholar exclaimed in shock and pity, 'The medicinal ingredients are all mild; how can it be effective?' She replied, 'Among them, Cangzhu removes evil qi and is a superior grade.'"). Disperses wind-cold-dampness and is a key herb for treating Wei syndrome (When the Yangming channel is deficient, the sinews relax and slacken, and the Dai Mai fails to constrain, leading to Wei Bi [flaccidity]. Cangzhu enters the Yangming channel. The Classics state: "In treating Wei syndrome, focus exclusively on the Yangming." Combined with Huangbai, it forms Ermiao San; adding Niuxi makes Sanmiao San). It can also resolve six types of stagnation: phlegm, fire, Qi, blood, dampness, and food (Zhu Danxi said: "All stagnations arise from dysfunction in transmission and transformation, where Qi cannot ascend or descend. When the pathology is in the Middle Jiao, to raise Qi, one must first lower it; to lower Qi, one must first raise it. Yueju Wan uses Cangzhu and Xiangfu. Cangzhu directly enters various channels, venting dampness in the Yangming, and promoting circulation while resolving constriction and astringency; Xiangfu is a Qi-moving herb within the Yin category. One rises and one descends, thus dispersing stagnation and restoring balance."), as well as Spleen dampness flowing downward causing intestinal wind bleeding and leukorrhea (Red leukorrhea indicates dampness injuring the Blood level, originating from the Heart and Small Intestine; white leukorrhea indicates dampness injuring the Qi level, originating from the Lung and Large Intestine. Both have cold and heat patterns, and some cases of leukorrhea are due to phlegm. Erchen Tang combined with Cangzhu, Baizhu, Shengma, and Chaihu is suitable). Contraindicated in cases of dry constipation and excessive sweating (Wen Shi of Nanyang, fleeing chaos to Hushan, was hungry. Someone advised him to consume Cangzhu, after which he felt no hunger. Decades later, returning home, his complexion appeared younger, and his strength increased. Cangzhu is also known as Shan Jing and Shan Jiang. *Daoxian Lu* states: "If you wish for longevity, consume Shan Jing; if you wish for lightness and flight, consume Shan Jiang." Wang Ang notes: "Cangzhu promotes sweating vigorously; how can it be taken long-term? The claims in Wen Shi's immortal record are likely exaggerated statements in medical texts.").
Those from Maoshan that are firm and contain cinnabar spots are considered superior. Soak in rice wash water, bake until dry, and stir-fry with sesame seeds to moderate its drying nature.
Both Cangzhu and Baizhu use Fangfeng and Diyü as guiding herbs; their main indications are similar, differing only in their effects of stopping sweat versus inducing sweat. Ancient materia medica did not distinguish between Cangzhu and Baizhu. Tao Hongjing (Tao Hongjing) noted there were two types, and they began to be used separately.