〔害〕见脾部温阵，干姜条下。
〔利〕辛温，入肺胃，发表发汗，开胃止呕，破血滞痰凝，平气胀腹痛。
中风，中气，中暑，中毒，中恶，霍乱，一切猝暴之症，用姜汁和童便服。
姜汁能开痰，童便能引火下行。
姜皮 辛凉，和脾行水，肿家必用。
〔修治〕九月采，曝干，白净结实者良。去皮则热，留皮则冷。古方以姜茶饮治痢，热
痢留
皮，冷痢去皮，或用蜜炙。
〔害〕火气薰灼，最烁肺阴，耗血损年，卫生者宜远之。今人患喉风咽痛，嗽血失音之
症甚
多，未必不由嗜烟所致。
〔利〕辛温，入肺，行气辟邪，治风寒湿痹，滞气停痰，山岚瘴雾，为宣散之品，烟管
中水
能解毒。
烟油杀虫最捷，诸虫咬伤涂之病失。
〔修治〕六月采为伏片，七月采者，则滋膏足而辛甚。南人用油窨 为丝烧吸，北人惟
将烟
片搓碎，纳烟筒中烧吸其气。
〔害〕按熟地乃阴滞不行之药，大为脾胃之病所不宜。凡胸膈多痰，气道不利，升降窒
塞，
药宜通而不宜滞，汤液中应避地黄，故用宜斟酌。胃虚气弱之人，过服归地，必致痞闷食减
，病安能愈。
〔利〕甘微温，补脾、肝、肾，养血滋阴，为壮水之主药。
〔修治〕二八月采根，拣取肥地黄沉水者数十斤，洗去沙土，略晒干，别以拣下瘦小者
数十
斤，捣绞取汁，投石器中，浸漉令浃入柳木甑，放瓦锅上，蒸一日，晒几日，令极干，又晒
又蒸，如是九次，锅内倘有淋下地黄余汁，亦必拌晒，使汁尽而干。其地黄光黑如漆，味甘
如饴，须瓷器收之，以其脂柔喜润也。盖熟地性泥，得之香窜砂仁，合和五脏冲和之气，归
宿丹田，故用好酒入砂仁末在内，拌蒸晾九蒸九晾乃止，入药为良。今肆中多用水煎，必得
酒炒，砂仁末拌捣用。
【生姜】
〔危害〕其危害参见脾部温阵章节，干姜条目之下。
〔功效〕味辛性温，归入肺经和胃经，能发散表邪、促进发汗，开胃止呕，破除血瘀停滞和痰湿凝结，缓解气胀和腹痛。
对于中风、中气、中暑、中毒、中恶（感受秽浊之气）、霍乱以及一切突发急症，可用姜汁配合童子尿服用。
姜汁能够化痰开窍，童子尿能引导虚火下行。
姜皮 味辛性凉，调和脾胃、行水利湿，是水肿患者必用的药材。
〔炮制〕九月采收，晒干，以白色、干净、质地坚实者为佳。去皮则药性偏热，留皮则药性偏凉。古方中用姜茶治疗痢疾，热痢保留姜皮，冷痢去除姜皮，或者用蜜炙处理。
【烟（烟草）】
〔危害〕火气熏灼，最容易耗伤肺阴，消耗血液、折损寿命，注重养生的人应当远离它。如今患喉风、咽痛、咳嗽咯血、失音等症状的人很多，未必不是由于嗜好吸烟所致。
〔功效〕味辛性温，归入肺经，行气辟除邪气，治疗风寒湿痹阻，化解滞气和停痰，抵御山岚瘴气雾气，属于宣散类的药物，烟管中的水能够解毒。
烟油杀虫速度最快，各种虫咬伤涂抹它即可痊愈。
〔炮制〕六月采收的称为伏片，七月采收的，则滋膏充足而辛烈之性更强。南方人用油浸泡制成丝状燃烧吸食，北方人只是将烟片搓碎，放入烟筒中燃烧吸食其烟气。
【大熟地（熟地黄）】
〔危害〕按：熟地黄是阴柔黏滞、运行不畅的药物，非常不适合脾胃有病的患者。凡是胸膈部位多痰，气道不利，升降功能窒塞不通的，用药宜通利而不宜黏滞，汤剂中应避开地黄，所以使用需谨慎斟酌。胃气虚弱的人，过量服用当归和地黄，必然导致痞闷、食欲减退，疾病怎么能痊愈呢？
〔功效〕味甘微温，补益脾、肝、肾三脏，养血滋阴，是壮水（补肾阴）的主要药物。
〔炮制〕二八月采收根茎，挑选肥厚且沉水的地黄数十斤，洗去沙土，稍微晒干；另外选取剩下瘦小的数十斤，捣碎绞取汁液，投入石器中，浸透后倒入柳木蒸笼，放在瓦锅上，蒸一天，晒几天，使其极干，又晒又蒸，如此重复九次。锅内如果有淋下的地黄余汁，也必须拌入晒制，使汁液尽干。其地黄光亮黑如漆，味道甜如饴糖，必须用瓷器收藏，因为其脂润喜欢湿润。大概熟地黄性质黏腻，得到香窜的砂仁配合，能调和五脏冲和之气，归宿于丹田，所以用好酒加入砂仁末在内，拌合蒸晾，经过九蒸九晾才停止，入药效果良好。现在药店多用开水煎煮，必须得用酒炒，再用砂仁末拌捣使用。
[Shengjiang / Fresh Ginger]
[Harm] See the harm described under the section of Spleen Warm Stagnation, in the entry for Ganjiang (Dried Ginger).
[Benefit] Pungent and warm; enters the Lung and Stomach channels. It releases the exterior and induces sweating, opens the stomach to stop vomiting, breaks up blood stasis and phlegm coagulation, and relieves qi distension and abdominal pain.
For wind-stroke, qi-stagnation, heat-stroke, poisoning, evil influence (infection by noxious qi), cholera-ascendants, and all sudden acute conditions, use ginger juice mixed with child's urine for administration.
Ginger juice can resolve phlegm; child's urine can guide fire downward.
Jiangpi (Ginger Peel) is pungent and cool; it harmonizes the spleen and promotes water metabolism, making it essential for patients with edema.
[Processing] Harvested in the ninth lunar month, sun-dried. Those that are white, clean, and solid are superior. Removing the peel makes the herb hot in nature; keeping the peel makes it cool. In ancient prescriptions, ginger tea was used to treat dysentery: retain the peel for heat-type dysentery, remove the peel for cold-type dysentery, or process with honey.
[Yan / Tobacco]
[Harm] The fiery smoke scorching nature easily consumes Lung Yin, depletes blood, and shortens lifespan. Those who value health should avoid it. Nowadays, many suffer from throat wind, sore throat, hemoptysis, and aphonia, which may well be caused by the habit of smoking tobacco.
[Benefit] Pungent and warm; enters the Lung channel. It moves qi and expels pathogens, treats bi-syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, resolves stagnant qi and retained phlegm, and protects against mountain miasma and foggy vapors. It is a dispersing agent; the water in the pipe can detoxify.
Yanyou (Tobacco Oil) kills parasites most rapidly; applying it to various insect bites cures the condition.
[Processing] Harvested in the sixth lunar month as "Fu Pian" (Summer Slice); those harvested in the seventh lunar month have abundant extractive matter and strong pungency. People in the south soak the oil into threads to burn and inhale; people in the north simply crush the tobacco slices and place them in pipes to burn and inhale the smoke.
[Dashudi / Prepared Rehmannia Root]
[Harm] According to records, Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia) is a yin-natured, sticky, and obstructive herb, highly unsuitable for patients with spleen and stomach disorders. For cases with much phlegm in the chest and diaphragm, unsmooth airways, and blocked ascending-descending functions, medications should promote free flow rather than stagnation; thus, Rehmannia should be avoided in decoctions, requiring careful consideration. Patients with weak stomach qi who take excessive Guizi (Angelica Sinensis) and Didi (Rehmannia) will inevitably suffer from epigastric fullness and reduced appetite; how can the disease heal?
[Benefit] Sweet and slightly warm; tonifies the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney; nourishes blood and yin; it is the primary herb for strengthening water (nourishing kidney yin).
[Processing] Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months. Select dozens of jin of plump Rehmannia that sinks in water, wash away sand and soil, and sun-dry slightly. Take another dozens of jin of the remaining thin and small roots, pound and squeeze to extract juice, pour into stone vessels, let it soak thoroughly, then transfer into willow-wood steamers placed on clay pots. Steam for one day, sun-dry for several days until extremely dry. Repeat the cycle of steaming and drying nine times. Any residual juice dripping into the pot must also be mixed and dried until completely dry. The resulting herb is glossy black like lacquer and sweet as maltose. It must be stored in porcelain containers because its greasy texture prefers moisture. Generally, Shudi is sticky; when combined with aromatic and moving Amomum villosum (Sharen), it harmonizes the peaceful qi of the five zang organs and settles in the dantian. Therefore, it is best processed by mixing with good wine and Sharen powder, steaming and airing nine times before use. Currently, pharmacies often boil it with water, but it must be stir-fried with wine and pounded with Sharen powder for medicinal use.