（见脾部）
（见心部）
〔害〕辛香伐气，多服损肺伤心，虚者远之。凡病新瘥勿服，以表气虚也，令人虚汗不
止。
，咳嗽由肺虚寒客而无热症者勿服。阴虚人发热勿
服，恐出汗则易竭其津液也。及血虚头疼，小儿身热，由于伤食疳积者禁用。每见小儿多食
薄荷糕者，汗多体弱，瘦弱人久食之动消渴病。
〔利〕辛温（一作凉），入肺肝，芳香开气，发汗解表，能下气，故消食，治猫咬与蛇
伤，伤
寒舌苔，和蜜擦之。
〔修治〕处处有之，苏产为胜，夏秋采茎叶曝干。
〔害〕大寒润下。咳逆由于虚气上冲者勿用。痰饮由于脾胃元虚者忌之。多服损人血气。
〔利〕咸寒，入肺。清金降火，能润下，止浊淋，化积块止痰，消瘿瘤结核。
〔修治〕浮石，乃水沫结成，色白体轻，海中者味咸，入药为良。
（见前）
（见前）
（见心部）
（见前）
〔害〕古今方用为治嗽要药。以其辛温散而能降，于肺无忤，无分寒热虚实，皆可酌而
施用
。
〔利〕辛温，化痰而咳喘何忧，清肺则痈痿有赖。
〔修治〕十一月采花蕊，未舒者佳，阴干，或蜜水炒用。
〔害〕其性燥而辛温有毒。虽能祛湿分水实脾，及开寒湿气郁结痰，而其所忌者，惟阴
虚血
少，津液不足诸病，故古人有立禁者，谓血家渴家汗家是也。故凡一切吐血、衄血、齿衄、
舌
上出血、金疮，产后失血过多，尿血、便血、肾水真阴不足发渴，阳虚自汗，阴虚盗汗，内
热烦燥出汗诸症，皆当禁者也，三禁之外，应忌者尚多。兹更详列于后∶凡咳嗽由于阴虚，
而不由于湿痰寒饮；呕吐由于火动胃热，而不由于寒湿痰壅；饮食不化，由于脾阴不足，不
由于脾湿少运；呕哕眩悸，由于胃弱，不由于寒湿痰饮；霍乱腹胀，由于邪热客中焦，不由
于寒湿食滞；咽痛由于阴虚火炎，不由于伤寒；少阴病邪热不解气喘，由于气虚，不由于风
寒所郁；头痛由于血虚，不由于痰厥；不寐由于心经血少，不由于病后胆虚；如上诸症，法
所同禁。其误最易而难明者，医以其能去痰也，故凡见咳嗽，莫不先投。殊不知咳嗽吐痰，
寒热骨蒸，皆阴虚肺热，津液不足之候，误服则损其津液，而肺家愈燥，阴气愈虚，浓痰愈
结
，必致声嗄而死。若合参术，祸不旋踵，盖以其本为脾胃药，而非肺肾药也。寒湿痰饮作咳
，属胃者固宜，然亦百之一二。其阴虚火炽，煎熬真阴，津液化为结痰，以致喉痒发咳者，
往往由之。故凡痰中带血，口渴咽干，阴虚咳嗽者，大忌。服之又有似中风痰壅失音偏枯拘
挛
及二便闭涩，血虚腹痛，于法并忌。犯之过多，则非药可救。孕妇服之，能损胎，若与参术
并行，但有开胃之功，亦不损胎。
〔利〕辛温，化痰，入肺、脾、胃。消痰燥湿，开胃健脾，宣通阴阳，和胃安卧，能坠
胎。
宋制半夏，性和而力亦逊。
戈制半夏，内有参附，治真中风，寒湿痰饮，立见奇功。近有仙露半夏。得七七仙露之
气，
用之甚可通和阴阳，若阴虚火炽，切勿妄投。生姜半夏曲，治浅近诸痰。
〔修治〕八月采根，曝干，浸七日，逐日换水，沥去涎切片，姜汁拌炒，以黄牛肉汁炼
膏，
即霞天膏，和半夏末为曲，名霞天曲。治沉 痼疾。造曲法，草庵七日，待生黄衣，悬挂风
处，愈久愈佳。
（见脾部）
（见心部）
〔害〕辛香之性耗散正气，多服会损伤肺脏和心脏，体质虚弱者应远离。凡是疾病刚刚痊愈的人不要服用，因为此时表气虚弱，服用会导致虚汗不止。咳嗽如果是由于肺虚寒邪侵袭且没有热症表现者，不要服用。阴虚之人发热时不要服用，恐怕出汗后会加速津液的枯竭。以及血虚引起的头痛、小儿因伤食或疳积引起的发热，均禁用。常见小儿多吃薄荷糕的，会导致汗多体弱；瘦弱之人长期食用会引发消渴病。
〔利〕辛温（一说凉），入肺经和肝经，芳香之气能开通气机，发汗解表，能降气，因此能消食，治疗猫咬和蛇伤，伤寒导致的舌苔异常，用蜂蜜调和后擦拭患处。
〔修治〕各地都有出产，以苏州产的为好，夏秋季节采集茎叶晒干。
〔害〕性质大寒且润下。咳嗽如果是由于虚气上冲引起者不要用。痰饮如果是由于脾胃元气虚弱引起者忌用。多服会损害人的气血。
〔利〕咸寒，入肺经。清金降火，能润下，止住浊淋，化解积块并止痰，消除瘿瘤和结核。
〔修治〕浮石，是水沫凝结而成，颜色白质地轻，海中的味道咸，入药效果好。
（见前文）
（见前文）
（见心部）
（见前文）
〔害〕古今方剂中将其作为治疗咳嗽的重要药物。因为它辛温发散且能降气，对肺脏没有抵触，不分寒热虚实，都可以酌情使用。
〔利〕辛温，化痰则咳喘无忧，清肺则肺痈痿证有所依赖。
〔修治〕十一月采集花蕊，未开放的为佳，阴干，或者用蜜水炒制后使用。
〔害〕其性燥烈且辛温有毒。虽然能祛湿分水、实脾，以及开通寒湿气郁结成的痰，但其所禁忌的，唯独是阴虚血少、津液不足的各种病症，所以古人有明确的禁令，指的就是血家、渴家、汗家。因此，凡是所有吐血、鼻衄、齿衄、舌上出血、金疮，产后失血过多，尿血、便血，肾水真阴不足导致口渴，阳虚自汗，阴虚盗汗，内热烦躁出汗等各种症状，都应当禁止使用。除了这三禁之外，应该忌讳的还有更多。这里详细列举如下：凡咳嗽是由于阴虚，而不是由于湿痰寒饮引起的；呕吐是由于火动胃热，而不是由于寒湿痰壅引起的；饮食不化，是由于脾阴不足，而不是由于脾湿运化无力引起的；呕哕眩晕心悸，是由于胃弱，而不是由于寒湿痰饮引起的；霍乱腹胀，是由于邪热客居中焦，而不是由于寒湿食滞引起的；咽痛是由于阴虚火炎，而不是由于伤寒引起的；少阴病邪热不解气喘，是由于气虚，而不是由于风寒所郁闭引起的；头痛是由于血虚，而不是由于痰厥引起的；不寐是由于心经血少，而不是由于病后胆虚引起的；如上诸症，法度上同样禁止。其中最容易误判且难以明辨的是，医生认为它能去痰，所以凡是见到咳嗽，无不先投此药。殊不知咳嗽吐痰、寒热骨蒸，都是阴虚肺热、津液不足的征候，误服则会损伤津液，使肺家更加干燥，阴气更加虚弱，浓痰更加凝结，必然导致声音嘶哑而死。如果配合人参、白术使用，祸患立刻降临，因为它是脾胃药，而非肺肾药。寒湿痰饮作咳，属于胃的固然适宜，但也只有百分之一二。那些阴虚火炽，煎熬真阴，津液化为结痰，以致喉痒发咳的，往往由此引起。所以凡是痰中带血、口渴咽干、阴虚咳嗽者，大忌。服用它又有类似中风痰壅、失音偏枯、拘挛以及二便闭涩、血虚腹痛的情况，在法度上都忌讳。犯之过多，则非药物可救。孕妇服用，能损胎，如果与人参、白术并行，只有开胃的功效，也不损胎。
〔利〕辛温，化痰，入肺、脾、胃经。消痰燥湿，开胃健脾，宣通阴阳，和胃安卧，能坠胎。宋代炮制的半夏，药性平和而效力稍逊。戈氏炮制的半夏，内含人参、附子，治疗真中风、寒湿痰饮，立见奇功。近来有仙露半夏，得七七仙露之气，用它非常可以通和阴阳，若阴虚火炽，切勿妄加投用。生姜半夏曲，治疗浅近的各种痰证。
〔修治〕八月采集根茎，晒干，浸泡七天，每天换水，沥去涎液切片，用姜汁拌炒，用黄牛肉汁炼成膏，即霞天膏，与半夏末混合制成曲，名为霞天曲。治疗沉疴痼疾。造曲的方法，在草庵中放置七天，待生出黄衣，悬挂在风处，越久越好。
(See Spleen Section)
(See Heart Section)
[Harm] The pungent and aromatic nature depletes Qi; excessive consumption damages the Lungs and Heart, so those with deficiency should avoid it. It should not be taken by those whose illnesses have just resolved, as the defensive Qi is deficient at this time, and taking it will cause persistent spontaneous sweating. It should not be used for coughs caused by Lung deficiency and cold pathogenic factors without heat symptoms. It should not be used for individuals with Yin deficiency presenting with fever, as sweating may easily exhaust their body fluids. It is strictly contraindicated for headaches due to Blood deficiency, and for children with fever resulting from food stagnation or malnutrition (Gan accumulation). It is often observed that children who consume too much mint cake suffer from excessive sweating and weakness; thin individuals consuming it long-term may develop Xiao Ke disease (wasting-thirst syndrome).
[Benefit] Pungent and warm (or cool), enters the Lung and Liver meridians. Its aromatic quality opens the Qi mechanism, induces sweating to release the exterior, and directs Qi downward, thereby aiding digestion. It treats cat bites and snakebites. For abnormal tongue coating in Shang Han (Cold Damage), apply honey mixed with the herb externally.
[Processing] Available everywhere, but the variety produced in Suzhou is superior. Harvest stems and leaves in summer and autumn, then dry them in the sun.
[Harm] Greatly cold and moistening, directing downwards. Do not use for coughs caused by rebellious Qi rising from deficiency. Contraindicated for phlegm-fluid retention due to primary deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach. Excessive consumption damages Blood and Qi.
[Benefit] Salty and cold, enters the Lung meridian. Clears Metal and descends Fire, moistens and directs downwards, stops turbid strangury, resolves masses and nodules, stops phlegm, and eliminates goiter and scrofula.
[Processing] Fu Shi (Pumice) is formed from sea foam, white in color and light in weight. The variety from the sea is salty in taste and excellent for medicinal use.
(See above)
(See above)
(See Heart Section)
(See above)
[Harm] Historically and currently, it is used in formulas as a key medicine for treating coughs. Because it is pungent and warm, dispersing and descending, it does not conflict with the Lung. It can be used酌情 (at discretion) regardless of cold, heat, excess, or deficiency patterns.
[Benefit] Pungent and warm. Resolving phlegm alleviates cough and wheezing; clearing the Lung benefits conditions like lung abscess and flaccidity syndromes.
[Processing] Harvest flower buds in November; those not yet opened are best. Dry in shade, or stir-fry with honey water before use.
[Harm] Its nature is drying, pungent, warm, and toxic. Although it can dispel dampness, separate fluids, strengthen the Spleen, and open phlegm caused by cold-damp qi stagnation, its contraindications are exclusively for conditions of Yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, and insufficient body fluids. Hence, ancient physicians established prohibitions for "Blood patients," "Thirst patients," and "Sweating patients." Therefore, all cases of hematemesis, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, lingual bleeding, traumatic wounds, excessive blood loss postpartum, hematuria, melena, thirst due to insufficiency of Kidney Water and True Yin, spontaneous sweating due to Yang deficiency, night sweats due to Yin deficiency, and sweating accompanied by internal heat and irritability are all strictly prohibited. Beyond these three prohibitions, many other contraindications exist. Listed in detail below: Coughs due to Yin deficiency, not wet-phlegm or cold-fluid; vomiting due to fire stirring stomach heat, not cold-damp phlegm obstruction; indigestion due to Spleen Yin insufficiency, not Spleen dampness hindering transformation; retching, dizziness, and palpitations due to Stomach weakness, not cold-damp phlegm; cholera and abdominal distension due to evil heat lodging in the Middle Jiao, not cold-damp food stagnation; sore throat due to Yin deficiency and flaming fire, not Cold Damage; asthma in Sha Yin disease with unresolved evil heat due to Qi deficiency, not wind-cold constraint; headache due to Blood deficiency, not phlegm syncope; insomnia due to Blood deficiency in the Heart Meridian, not Gallbladder deficiency after illness. All such conditions are similarly prohibited by method. The most common and difficult-to-identify error is that physicians, knowing it removes phlegm, administer it first for any cough. They fail to realize that coughing with phlegm, tidal fever, and bone-steaming fever are signs of Yin deficiency, Lung heat, and fluid insufficiency. Misuse damages fluids, making the Lung drier, Yin more deficient, and thick phlegm more consolidated, inevitably leading to hoarseness and death. If combined with Renshen (Ginseng) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), disaster follows swiftly, as it is a Spleen/Stomach herb, not a Lung/Kidney herb. Coughs from cold-damp phlegm belonging to the Stomach are suitable only in 1-2% of cases. However, cases where Yin deficiency and blazing fire fry True Yin, transforming fluids into knotted phlegm causing throat itching and cough, are frequent. Thus, for sputum with blood, dry mouth and throat, and Yin-deficient cough, it is greatly contraindicated. Taking it can also mimic stroke with phlegm obstruction, aphonia, hemiplegia, spasms, constipation/urinary retention, and abdominal pain due to Blood deficiency—all forbidden. Overconsumption renders it incurable by medicine. Pregnant women taking it may damage the fetus; however, if used concurrently with Renshen and Baizhu, it merely aids appetite without harming the fetus.
[Benefit] Pungent and warm, resolving phlegm, entering the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. Eliminates phlegm and dries dampness, opens the stomach and strengthens the Spleen, unblocks Yin and Yang, harmonizes the Stomach for restful sleep, and can induce abortion. Song Dynasty processed Ban Xia has mild properties and weaker efficacy. Ge's processed Ban Xia contains Renshen and Fuzi, showing miraculous results for true stroke and cold-damp phlegm-fluid. Recently, Xian Lu Ban Xia has appeared, imbued with the essence of the Seven-Seven Immortal Dew; using it effectively harmonizes Yin and Yang, but must not be recklessly administered for Yin deficiency with blazing fire. Sheng Jiang Ban Xia Qu treats superficial phlegm conditions.
[Processing] Harvest roots in August, dry in the sun, soak for seven days changing water daily, drain saliva, slice, stir-fry with ginger juice, refine into paste with yellow beef broth (this is Xia Tian Gao), mix with Ban Xia powder to form Qu, named Xia Tian Qu. Treats chronic stubborn diseases. To make Qu, place in a thatched hut for seven days until yellow mold grows, hang in a windy place; the longer, the better.