（见肝部）
（见肝部）
〔害〕见前干姜条。
〔利〕辛温燥散未甚，止呕和中，温脾胃最平安。并枣用，宜煨姜。
〔修治〕取生姜洗净，用粗纸包裹，浸湿入火灰中，煨熟切片入药。
〔害〕辛温，散气之品。病属气血虚，而内热者忌之。时医多以香附同用，治女子一切
气病
。然有虚实寒热，冷气暴气，用之固宜；虚气热气，用之贻害。故妇人月事先期，小便短赤
，及咳嗽、内热、口渴、口干、舌苦，不得眠，一切阴虚内热之病，皆不宜服。
〔利〕入肺、脾、胃、膀胱，通温三焦，辛温芳馥，下气温中，治膀胱冷气攻冲，胸腹
积停
为痛，天行疫瘴，鬼犯虫伤。
〔修治〕八月采，根有车毂纹，形如连珠，天台者香白，不及南海之力大，酒浸一宿炒，
亦
有研用者。
〔害〕芳烈升阳，虽能止呕，治吐逆，若胃热作呕，法并禁用。中焦火盛，及阴虚火旺，
温
病热病，阳明胃家邪实，作呕作胀并禁。
〔利〕辛微温，温中开胃，行气止呕，禀清和芳烈之气，治心腹绞痛，霍乱吐泻，为脾
肺达
气要药。梗达气为长，而芳烈逊之。
〔修治〕出交广，方茎有节叶，微似茄叶，古惟用叶。今枝梗亦用，因叶多伪也。六七
月采
，晒干，乃芬香。
〔害〕其气芳香，惟性本燥热，病属血燥有热，而崩带遗浊者，皆当忌之。凡呕吐由于
热，
而不因于寒；气逆由于怒，而不由于虚；小便余沥，由于水涸精亏内热，而不由于肾气虚寒
；泄泻由于湿火暴注，而不由于气虚肠滑；法并忌用。
〔利〕补肾扶脾胃，温中进饮食，摄涎唾，缩小便，安心神，止遗浊。辛能开散，使郁
结宣
通，行阳退阴之药也。
〔修治〕出岭南，形如枣核，取仁盐水炒。五六月熟，其子如笔头，两头尖，长七八分。
（见肝部）
（见肝部）
〔害〕参见前文干姜条。
〔利〕辛温燥散之力不甚，能止呕和中，温补脾胃最为平安。与枣同用时，宜用煨姜。
〔修治〕取生姜洗净，用粗纸包裹，浸湿后放入火灰中，煨熟切片入药。
〔害〕性味辛温，属散气之品。病属气血虚弱，且内有热者忌用。时医多将其与香附同用，治疗女子各种气病。然而病情有虚实寒热之分，若是冷气暴气，使用它固然适宜；若是虚气热气，使用它则会留下祸害。因此，妇女月经先期、小便短赤，以及咳嗽、内热、口渴、口干、舌苦、失眠等一切阴虚内热之病，都不宜服用。
〔利〕入肺、脾、胃、膀胱经，通温三焦，气味辛温芳馥，能下气温中，治疗膀胱冷气攻冲、胸腹积滞停聚引起的疼痛，以及天行疫瘴、鬼犯虫伤。
〔修治〕八月采收，根部有车毂纹，形状如连珠，天台产的香气洁白，药效不及南海产的大，用酒浸泡一夜后炒制，也有研末使用的。
〔害〕气味芳烈升阳，虽然能止呕，治疗吐逆，但若因胃热作呕，法则并禁用。中焦火盛，以及阴虚火旺、温病热病、阳明胃家邪实引起的呕吐胀满，都禁止使用。
〔利〕辛微温，能温中开胃，行气止呕，禀受清和芳烈之气，治疗心腹绞痛、霍乱吐泻，是脾肺达气的要药。梗善于达气，但芳烈之气稍逊。
〔修治〕产于交州、广州一带，茎方有节叶，叶子微似茄叶，古时只用叶。现在枝梗也用，因为叶子多有伪品。六七月采收，晒干后才有芬香。
〔害〕其气芳香，但本性燥热，病属血燥有热，以及崩漏带下、遗浊者，都应当忌用。凡呕吐由于热，而不由于寒；气逆由于怒，而不由于虚；小便余沥，由于水涸精亏内热，而不由于肾气虚寒；泄泻由于湿火暴注，而不由于气虚肠滑；法则都忌用。
〔利〕补肾扶脾胃，温中进饮食，摄涎唾，缩小便，安心神，止遗浊。辛能开散，使郁结宣通，是行阳退阴的药物。
〔修治〕产于岭南，形状如枣核，取仁用盐水炒。五六月成熟，其子如笔头，两头尖，长七八分。
(See Liver section)
(See Liver section)
[Harm] See the preceding entry on Ganjiang (Dried Ginger).
[Benefit] Its acrid-warm drying and dispersing action is not intense; it stops vomiting and harmonizes the middle, making it safest for warming the Spleen and Stomach. When used with Jujube, it is advisable to use Wei Jiang (Baked Ginger).
[Preparation] Take fresh ginger, wash it clean, wrap it in coarse paper, moisten it, and bake it in fire ash until cooked. Slice it for medicinal use.
[Harm] It is acrid and warm, a substance that disperses Qi. It is contraindicated in cases of Qi and Blood deficiency with internal heat. Contemporary physicians often combine it with Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) to treat various Qi disorders in women. However, conditions vary in deficiency/excess and cold/heat. If caused by sudden cold or stagnant Qi, its use is appropriate; if caused by deficient Qi or hot Qi, its use will cause harm. Therefore, it is unsuitable for women with early menstruation, scanty dark urine, cough, internal heat, thirst, dry mouth, bitter taste in the tongue, insomnia, and all diseases characterized by Yin deficiency and internal heat.
[Benefit] Enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Bladder meridians; unblocks and warms the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). With its acrid, warm, and fragrant aroma, it directs Qi downward and warms the middle. It treats attacking cold Qi in the Bladder, pain due to accumulation and stagnation in the chest and abdomen, epidemic miasma (Tianxing Yizhang), and injuries from ghosts or insects.
[Preparation] Harvested in the eighth month. The root has patterns resembling chariot wheels and looks like linked pearls. Those from Tiantai are white and fragrant but less potent than those from Nanhai. Soak in wine overnight, then stir-fry. Some are also ground into powder for use.
[Harm] Its aroma is pungent and ascending. Although it can stop vomiting and treat retching, it is strictly contraindicated when vomiting is due to Stomach heat. It is forbidden in cases of excessive Fire in the Middle Jiao, Yin deficiency with hyperactive Fire, warm diseases, febrile diseases, excess pathogenic factors in the Yangming Stomach causing vomiting and distension.
[Benefit] Acrid and slightly warm; warms the middle, opens the appetite, moves Qi, and stops vomiting. Endowed with clear, harmonious, and pungent properties, it treats severe colic in the heart and abdomen, cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea, and is an essential herb for directing Qi in the Spleen and Lung. The stem is better at moving Qi, though less aromatic and pungent.
[Preparation] Originates from Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. The stem is square with nodes and leaves, slightly resembling eggplant leaves. Ancient texts used only the leaves. Now stems and branches are also used because leaves are frequently adulterated. Harvest in the sixth and seventh months, sun-dry to retain fragrance.
[Harm] Its aroma is fragrant, but its nature is inherently dry and hot. It should be avoided in cases of blood dryness with heat, as well as metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and turbid discharge. It is contraindicated when vomiting is due to heat rather than cold; when Qi rebellion is due to anger rather than deficiency; when dribbling urination is due to fluid depletion, essence deficiency, and internal heat rather than Kidney Qi deficiency and cold; and when diarrhea is due to sudden pouring of damp-heat rather than Spleen Qi deficiency and intestinal slippage. All such cases require avoidance.
[Benefit] Tonifies the Kidney and supports the Spleen and Stomach; warms the middle to promote digestion; controls saliva; reduces urination; calms the Spirit; and stops turbid discharge. Its acridity opens and disperses, resolving stagnation and promoting free flow. It is a herb that promotes Yang and retreats Yin.
[Preparation] Originates from Lingnan. It resembles a date pit. The kernel is stir-fried with salt water. It ripens in the fifth and sixth months. The seed resembles a brush tip, pointed at both ends, about 7-8 fen long.