〔害〕辛散，乃夏月解表之药。表无所感，而中热为病，何假于此。误则损人表气，故
无表
邪者戒之。其性温热，暑寒宜用，若暑热宜清凉，误服之，反成大害。有处高堂大厦，纳凉
太过，饮冷太过，阳气为阴邪所遏，反中入内，遂病头痛恶寒，烦燥口渴，吐泻霍乱宜用之
。以发越阳气，散邪和脾则愈。若饮食不节，劳役斫丧之人，伤暑汗出如雨，烦躁喘促，或
泻或吐者，乃内伤之症，宜从东垣清暑益气汤。不吐泻者，宜人参白虎，桂苓甘露饮之类，
以泻火益元。若用香薷，是重虚其表，而益其热矣。
〔利〕辛微温，入肺、胃二经。理暑气、霍乱、腹痛。乘凉饮冷，阳气为阴邪所遏云云，
则愈
。若劳役受暑用之，则大误矣。
〔修治〕八、九月开花着穗时采得。去根留叶，锉，曝干，勿令犯火，陈久者佳。宜待
冷服
，如热服作泻。经所谓治温以清凉而行之也。
〔害〕长于清胃除热，惟胃肾有虚热者宜之。虚而无火者，不得混用。长、虚、味大苦
者，
名木斛，服之损胃。
〔利〕甘淡微寒，清胃除虚热，补肾涩元气，疗脚膝。
川石斛，少逊鲜石斛，性加寒，尤退虚热，虚证宜干，实证宜鲜。
〔修治〕蜀中者为胜。七、八月采茎阴干，以桑皮沃之。色金、形如蚱蜢髀者佳。金石
斛，凡
使去根头用，酒浸一宿曝干，以酥拌蒸之五时，徐徐焙干用，入补药乃效。或熬膏用。
【危害】香薷味辛，具有发散作用，是夏季解除表邪的药物。如果体表没有感受外邪，而是体内有热致病，何必使用这种药？误用会损伤人体的表气，因此没有表邪的人应当禁忌。香薷的性质温热，适用于暑天受寒的情况；如果是暑热证，应当使用清凉药物，误服香薷反而会造成严重危害。有些人居住在高大凉爽的厅堂中，乘凉过度，又过食生冷，导致阳气被阴寒之邪遏制，寒气反而由内而入，于是出现头痛、恶寒、烦躁、口渴、呕吐腹泻或霍乱等症状，这时适宜使用香薷。它能发越阳气，疏散邪气，调和脾胃，病即可痊愈。如果是饮食不节制，或因劳累过度而身体亏损的人，伤暑后汗出如雨，烦躁气喘急促，或者呕吐腹泻，这是内伤的病症，应当采用李东垣的清暑益气汤。如果不呕吐腹泻，适宜用人参白虎汤、桂苓甘露饮之类，以泻火补元气。如果使用香薷，就会使表气更加虚弱，并增加体内的热邪。
【功效】香薷味辛，性微温，归肺、胃二经。能调理暑气、霍乱、腹痛。如果是因乘凉饮冷，导致阳气被阴寒之邪遏制引起的病症，服用后可痊愈。如果是因劳累过度而感受暑邪，使用香薷则是严重的错误。
【炮制】在八、九月开花结穗时采收。去掉根部，保留叶片，切碎，晒干，不要让火烤，陈久的药效更好。宜待药液冷却后服用，如果热服会导致腹泻。这就是《内经》所说的“治疗温病要用清凉的方法顺势而行”。
【危害】石斛长于清胃除热，只有胃肾有虚热的人才适宜使用。如果是虚证而没有火热之象的，不得混用。生长年限长、质地虚松、味道大苦的，称为木斛，服用它会损伤胃气。
【功效】石斛味甘、淡，性微寒，能清胃除虚热，补肾固涩元气，治疗脚膝无力。川石斛的功效稍逊于鲜石斛，其性质更寒，尤其擅长退虚热。虚证适宜用干品，实证适宜用鲜品。
【炮制】四川出产的石斛品质较好。在七、八月采集茎部，阴干，用桑皮汁浇灌。颜色金黄、形状像蚱蜢大腿的为好。金石斛，凡入药需去掉根头，用酒浸泡一夜后晒干，再用酥油拌蒸五个时辰，慢慢焙干后使用，用于补益类药物才有效。或者熬成膏剂使用。
[Harm] Xiangru (Moslae Herba) is pungent and dispersing, serving as a herb for resolving the exterior in summer. If there is no external pathogen affecting the exterior, but rather internal heat causing illness, why resort to this herb? Misuse damages the defensive qi of the body; therefore, it is contraindicated for those without exterior pathogens. Its nature is warm and hot, suitable for summer-cold conditions. For summer-heat conditions, cooling herbs should be used; misusing Xiangru will instead cause great harm. Some people reside in tall, cool halls, over-cool themselves, and consume excessive cold food and drink, causing yang qi to be constrained by yin-cold pathogens. The cold then penetrates inward, leading to symptoms such as headache, aversion to cold, restlessness, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, or cholera-like syndrome. In such cases, Xiangru is appropriate. It promotes the emergence of yang qi, disperses pathogens, and harmonizes the spleen and stomach, leading to recovery. However, for individuals with irregular diet or those weakened by overwork who suffer from summer-heat injury with profuse sweating like rain, restlessness, panting, and shortness of breath, or vomiting and diarrhea, these are signs of internal injury. One should follow Li Dongyuan's Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summer-Heat and Boost Qi Decoction). If there is no vomiting or diarrhea, Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) or Gui Ling Gan Lu Yin (Cinnamon Twig, Poria, and Sweet Dew Drink) are suitable to drain fire and replenish primordial qi. Using Xiangru in these cases would further weaken the exterior and increase internal heat.
[Efficacy] Xiangru is pungent and slightly warm, entering the Lung and Stomach meridians. It regulates summer-heat, cholera, and abdominal pain. If the condition arises from over-cooling and consuming cold items, where yang qi is constrained by yin-cold pathogens, it leads to recovery. However, using it for summer-heat contracted due to overwork is a major error.
[Processing] Harvest when flowers bloom and spikes form in August and September. Remove roots, keep leaves, chop, and dry in the sun. Avoid exposure to fire; aged material is preferred. It is advisable to take it when cool; taking it hot may cause diarrhea. This aligns with the principle stated in the classics: "Treat warmth with cooling methods."
[Harm] Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis) excels at clearing the stomach and eliminating heat. It is suitable only for those with deficient heat in the Stomach and Kidney. Those with deficiency but without fire must not use it indiscriminately. Dendrobium that is long, loose, and extremely bitter is called Mujie (Wood Shihu); consuming it damages the stomach.
[Efficacy] Shihu is sweet, bland, and slightly cold. It clears the stomach and eliminates deficient heat, tonifies the Kidney, secures primordial qi, and treats weakness of the legs and knees. Chuan Shihu (Sichuan Dendrobium) is slightly inferior to fresh Shihu in efficacy but has a colder nature, making it particularly effective for reducing deficient heat. Dry form is suitable for deficiency syndromes, while fresh form is suitable for excess syndromes.
[Processing] Material from Sichuan is superior. Harvest stems in July and August, dry in the shade, and irrigate with mulberry bark juice. Material that is golden in color and shaped like the thigh of a grasshopper is considered excellent. Jinshihie (Mineral Shihu): When used, remove the root head. Soak in wine overnight, then dry in the sun. Mix with butter (su), steam for five shichen (10 hours), slowly bake until dry, and then use. It is effective when included in tonic prescriptions. Alternatively, it can be processed into a paste.