（即铜绿。）
【气味】
酸平微毒。
【主治】
妇人血气心痛。合金疮止血。明目。去肤赤息肉。主风烂眼泪出。治恶疮疳疮。吐
风痰杀虫。盖铜青乃铜之液气所结。酸而有小毒。能入肝胆。故吐利风痰。明目杀疳。皆肝
胆之病也。
【气味】
咸辛平有小毒。
【主治】
久痢五痔金疮。面上瘢 。面膏药用之。杀虫消积。治诸疮。消肿毒。除狐臭。染
髭发。密陀僧感铅银之气。其性重坠下沉。直走下焦。故能坠痰止吐。消积定惊痫。治疟痢
。止消渴。疗疮肿。
【气味】
甘平无毒。
【主治】
去目中翳。消宿血。为末吹鼻。止鼻衄。明目镇心。止惊痫。点眼去飞丝。
【气味】
辛苦平有毒。
【主治】
养肾气。内伤阴衰。利筋骨皮毛。疗脚弱。五脏邪气。除热。女子不可久服令思男
。能添肾气。治软脚烦闷疼。杀虫逐诸风。浸酒饮治头风。古方为治风痹肾弱要药。今人绝
不知用。识者亦少。盖由甄氏药性论有令阴痿之说也。殊不知服此药者。能令肾强。嗜欲之
人。籍此放恣。以致痿弱。归咎于药。良可慨也。
（凡使要绿色九肋多裙。重七两者为上。）
【气味】
咸平无毒。
【主治】
鳖甲乃厥阴肝经血分之药。肝主血也。试常思之。龟鳖之属。功各有所主。鳖色青
入肝。故所主者疟劳寒热。 瘕惊痫。经水痈肿阴疮。皆厥阴血分之病也。玳瑁色赤入心。
故所主者心风惊热。伤寒狂乱。痘毒肿毒。皆少阴血分之病也。秦龟色黄入脾。故所主者顽
风湿痹。身重蛊毒。皆太阴血分之病也。水龟色黑入肾。故所主者阴虚精弱。腰脚酸痿。阴
疟泄痢。皆少阴血分之病也。介虫阴类。故并主阴经血分之病。各从其类。
（即铜绿。）
【气味】
味酸，性平，微有毒。
【主治】
治疗妇女血气心痛。配合用于金疮以止血。明目。去除皮肤上的赤色息肉。主治风邪导致的烂眼流泪。治疗恶疮和疳疮。催吐风痰并杀虫。因为铜青是铜的液气凝结而成，味酸且有小毒，能进入肝胆经，所以能催吐风痰、明目、杀灭疳虫，这些都是肝胆的疾病。
【气味】
味咸、辛，性平，有小毒。
【主治】
治疗久痢、五痔和金疮。制作面部药膏时使用。杀虫、消除积滞。治疗各种疮疡。消肿毒。去除狐臭。染黑胡须和头发。密陀僧感应了铅和银的气，其性质沉重下沉，直走下焦，所以能坠痰止吐，消除积滞，安定惊痫，治疗疟疾和痢疾，止住消渴，治疗疮肿。
【气味】
味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】
去除眼中的翳膜。消除陈旧的血瘀。研成末吹入鼻腔，可止鼻出血。明目，镇心安神。止住惊痫。点眼去除飞丝（眼中异物感）。
【气味】
味辛、苦，性平，有毒。
【主治】
滋养肾气。治疗内伤导致的阴气衰弱。利筋骨皮毛。治疗脚弱无力。清除五脏邪气。除热。女子不可长期服用，否则会导致思念男性（指产生性欲或相关症状）。能增添肾气。治疗脚软烦闷疼痛。杀虫，驱逐各种风邪。浸泡在酒中饮用可治疗头风。古方中它是治疗风痹和肾虚的要药，如今人们完全不知道使用它，了解的人也很少。大概是因为甄氏《药性论》中有导致阳痿的说法。殊不知服用此药的人，能使肾气强盛，好色之人借此放纵欲望，以致导致痿弱，却归咎于药物，实在令人感慨。
（凡使用要选择绿色、九肋多裙、重七两的为上等。）
【气味】
味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】
鳖甲是厥阴肝经血分的药物。肝主血。试着常加思考。龟鳖这类动物，功效各有侧重。鳖色青入肝，所以它所主治的是疟疾、劳损、寒热往来、瘕聚、惊痫、月经病、痈肿和阴疮，这些都是厥阴血分的疾病。玳瑁色赤入心，所以它所主治的是心风、惊热、伤寒狂乱、痘毒和肿毒，这些都是少阴血分的疾病。秦龟色黄入脾，所以它所主治的是顽风湿痹、身体沉重和蛊毒，这些都是太阴血分的疾病。水龟色黑入肾，所以它所主治的是阴虚精弱、腰脚酸痿、阴疟和泄痢，这些都是少阴血分的疾病。介壳类动物属阴类，所以都主治阴经血分的疾病。各从其类。
(That is, verdigris.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Sour in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic.
[Indications]
Treats heart pain due to blood qi disorders in women. Used in combination for metal wounds to stop bleeding. Brightens the eyes. Removes red polyps on the skin. Treats wind-induced ulcerative eyes with tearing. Treats malignant sores and gan sores (chronic ulcers often associated with malnutrition). Induces vomiting of wind-phlegm and kills parasites. Since copper green (Copper Acetate) is formed by the condensation of liquid qi from copper, it is sour and slightly toxic, entering the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Therefore, its ability to induce vomiting of wind-phlegm, brighten the eyes, and kill gan parasites addresses diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder.
[Flavor and Nature]
Salty and pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic.
[Indications]
Treats chronic dysentery, five types of hemorrhoids, and metal wounds. Used in facial pastes. Kills parasites and eliminates accumulation. Treats various sores. Reduces swelling and detoxifies. Removes fox odor. Dyes eyebrows and hair. Lead monoxide (Luo Han Qian) absorbs the qi of lead and silver; its nature is heavy and sinking, moving directly to the lower jiao. Thus, it can sink phlegm and stop vomiting, eliminate accumulation, calm convulsions and epilepsy, treat malaria and dysentery, stop xiao ke (wasting-thirst), and treat sores and swellings.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Removes eye nebula (pterygium or corneal opacity). Eliminates old blood stasis. When ground into powder and insufflated into the nose, it stops epistaxis. Brightens the eyes and calms the Heart spirit. Stops convulsions and epilepsy. Applied to the eyes to remove foreign body sensation ("flying silk").
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic.
[Indications]
Nourishes Kidney qi. Treats internal injury leading to deficiency of Yin qi. Benefits tendons, bones, skin, and hair. Treats weakness of the legs. Expels pathogenic qi from the Five Zang organs. Clears heat. Women should not take it for a long time, as it may cause them to desire men. It can augment Kidney qi. Treats soft legs with vexation, distension, and pain. Kills parasites and drives out various winds. Soaked in wine and drunk, it treats head wind (headache due to wind). In ancient prescriptions, it was an essential herb for treating wind-bi and Kidney deficiency. Nowadays, people do not know how to use it at all, and few understand its value. This is likely because Zhen's *Yao Xing Lun* mentions causing impotence. Little do they know that taking this herb strengthens the Kidneys. Those given to lust use it to indulge their desires, leading to impotence, yet they blame the herb, which is truly lamentable.
(When used, select those that are green, have nine ribs and many skirts, weighing seven liang, as the best quality.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Bie Jia (Turtle Shell) is a medicine for the Blood aspect of the Jueyin Liver Meridian. The Liver governs Blood. Consider this carefully. Among turtles and tortoises, each has specific functions. Bie Jia is green and enters the Liver; thus, it treats malaria, consumptive fever, alternating chills and fever, mass formations (jia zhang), convulsions and epilepsy, menstrual disorders, carbuncles, and yin sores, all of which are diseases of the Jueyin Blood aspect. Dai Mao (Hawksbill Turtle Shell) is red and enters the Heart; thus, it treats Heart wind, fright-heat, mania due to cold damage, poison from smallpox, and swellings, all of which are diseases of the Shaoyin Blood aspect. Qin Gui (Chinese Pond Turtle) is yellow and enters the Spleen; thus, it treats stubborn wind-damp bi, heaviness of the body, and gu toxin, all of which are diseases of the Taiyin Blood aspect. Shui Gui (Softshell Turtle or similar black-shelled turtle) is black and enters the Kidney; thus, it treats Yin deficiency and essence weakness, soreness and weakness of the waist and legs, yin malaria, and diarrhea/dysentery, all of which are diseases of the Shaoyin Blood aspect. Testudines belong to the Yin category; therefore, they all treat diseases of the Yin meridians' Blood aspect. Each follows its own kind.