乳香，味辛、苦，气温，阳也，无毒。入脾、肺、心、肝、肾五脏。疗诸般恶疮及风水
肿毒
，定诸经卒痛并心腹急疼。亦入散膏，止痛长肉。更催生产。且理风邪，内外科皆可用。大
约内治止痛，实为圣药，研末调服尤神。
或问诸痛皆属于火，而乳香性温，宜与痛病不相合，何以定诸经之卒痛耶？盖乳香气虽
温，
而味实苦，温为热，苦为寒。气温则先入于火之中，相合而不相碍；味苦则后居于痛之内，
相制而不相违。此所以能定诸痛，而无不宜也。
丁香，有雌、雄之分，其实治病无分彼此。味辛，气温，纯阳，无毒。入肾、胃二经，
又走
太阴肺脏。善祛口舌溃烂，伐逆气殊功。止噫呃气逆、翻胃呕吐、霍乱，除心腹
冷疼，暖腰膝，壮阳。杀疳 ，坚齿。治奶头绽裂，消虫毒膨胀。亦有旋转天地之功，直中
阴经之病，尤宜可用之，但不可用之于传经之伤寒也。
世人重母丁香，而轻公丁香，不知何故？谓母丁香能兴阳道也。夫丁香而曰母，其属阴，
可
知阴不能助阳，亦明矣。丁香公者易得，而母者难求，此世所以重母丁香也。舍易而求难，
世人类如是夫。
阿魏，味辛，气平，无毒，热。入脾、胃、大肠。杀虫下恶气，破症积，辟瘟禁疟，却
鬼祛
邪，蛊毒能消，传尸可减，乃消毒攻邪之物，宜于外治，而不宜于内治者也。
阿魏以臭者为佳，无臭气者皆假。然亦有臭者不可用，乃取蒜捣为汁而乱人者也，然我
有
辨真假之法，臭阿魏投之水中，半沉半浮者上也，浮者次之，沉者假物，而不堪入药也。
乳香，味道辛、苦，药性温热，属于阳，没有毒性。进入脾、肺、心、肝、肾五脏。治疗各种恶疮以及风水肿毒，安定各条经脉的突发疼痛并缓解心腹部的急痛。也进入散膏（一种外用膏药），止痛并促进肌肉生长。更能催产。并且调理风邪，内科和外科都可以使用。大致来说，内服治疗止痛，实在是圣药，研成粉末调服尤其神奇。
有人问：所有的疼痛都属于火，而乳香的药性温和，似乎与痛病不相符合，为什么能安定各条经脉的突发疼痛呢？大概乳香的香气虽然温和，但味道实际上是苦的，温代表热，苦代表寒。药性温则先进入火之中，相互结合而不相妨碍；味道苦则随后居于痛的内部，相互制约而不相违背。这就是它能安定各种疼痛，而没有不适宜的原因。
丁香，有雌、雄之分，但实际上治病不分彼此。味道辛，药性温，纯阳，没有毒性。进入肾、胃两条经脉，又走向太阴肺脏。善于祛除口舌溃烂，在降逆气方面有特殊功效。止住呃逆气逆、翻胃呕吐、霍乱，去除心腹部冷痛，温暖腰膝，壮阳。杀灭疳积，坚固牙齿。治疗乳头破裂，消除虫毒引起的膨胀。也有旋转天地之功，直接针对阴经的疾病，尤其适宜使用它，但不可以用于传经的伤寒病。
世人重视母丁香，而轻视公丁香，不知道是什么缘故？说母丁香能兴起阳气。既然丁香称为母，它属于阴，可知阴不能助阳，也很明白了。丁香的公者容易得到，而母者难以寻求，这就是世人重视母丁香的原因。舍弃容易的而追求困难的，世人大多像这样啊。
阿魏，味道辛，药性平，没有毒性，热。进入脾、胃、大肠。杀虫，下泄恶气，破除症积，辟除瘟疫禁止疟疾，驱鬼祛邪，蛊毒能消除，传尸（指慢性消耗性疾病）可减少，是消毒攻邪的物品，适宜于外治，而不适宜于内治。
阿魏以有臭味的为佳，没有臭气的都是假的。然而也有有臭味的不可用，那是取蒜捣成汁来混扰人的，然而我有辨别真假的方法，臭阿魏投入水中，半沉半浮的是上品，浮在水面的是次品，沉在水底的是假物，而不能入药。
Frankincense (Ruxiang, 乳香), with a pungent and bitter taste, is warm in nature and belongs to Yang. It is non-toxic. It enters the Spleen, Lung, Heart, Liver, and Kidney Zang organs. It treats various malignant sores and wind-water swelling toxins, stabilizes sudden pains in all meridians, and relieves acute pain in the heart and abdomen. It also enters external plasters (San Gao), stopping pain and promoting flesh regeneration. Furthermore, it can induce labor. It regulates Wind pathogens and can be used in both internal and external medicine. Generally speaking, for internal use to stop pain, it is truly a sacred medicine; grinding it into powder and taking it with liquid is especially miraculous.
One might ask: All pains are attributed to Fire, yet Frankincense is warm in nature, which seems incompatible with pain conditions. How can it stabilize sudden pains in all meridians? The reason is that although Frankincense's aroma is warm, its taste is actually bitter. Warmth corresponds to Heat, and bitterness corresponds to Cold. Its warm nature allows it to enter Fire first, combining without hindrance; its bitter taste allows it to reside within Pain later, restraining without conflict. This is why it can stabilize various pains without any unsuitability.
Clove (Dingxiang, 丁香) has male and female distinctions, but in treating disease, there is no difference between them. It has a pungent taste and is warm in nature, purely Yang, and non-toxic. It enters the Kidney and Stomach meridians, and also travels to the Taiyin Lung organ. It is excellent at dispelling oral and lingual ulcers and has special efficacy in subduing rebellious Qi. It stops hiccupping and rebellious Qi, vomiting due to stomach reversal, cholera, removes cold pain in the heart and abdomen, warms the waist and knees, strengthens Yang, kills childhood malnutrition (Gan syndrome), and strengthens teeth. It treats cracked nipples and eliminates swelling caused by insect toxins. It possesses the power to transform heaven and earth. For diseases directly affecting the Yin meridians, it is particularly suitable, but it should not be used for Shanghan (Cold Damage) that has transmitted through the meridians.
The world values female Cloves and despises male Cloves, though the reason is unknown. It is said that female Cloves can stimulate sexual function (Yang Dao). Since Clove is called "female," it belongs to Yin; thus, it is clear that Yin cannot assist Yang. Male Cloves are easy to obtain, while female Cloves are hard to find; this is why the world values female Cloves. Abandoning the easy for the difficult, people of the world are generally like this.
Asafoetida (Awei, 阿魏), with a pungent taste and neutral nature, is non-toxic and hot. It enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine. It kills parasites, expels foul Qi, breaks up accumulations and masses, wards off pestilence and prevents malaria, drives away ghosts and dispels evil, dissolves gu poison, and reduces transmissive corpse diseases (Chuan Shi). It is a substance for detoxification and attacking pathogens, suitable for external treatment but not for internal treatment.
Asafoetida is best when it has a strong odor; those without odor are fake. However, some with odor are unusable, as they are made by mixing garlic juice to deceive people. I have a method to distinguish real from fake: throw the odorous Asafoetida into water. Those that float half-submerged are superior; those floating entirely are secondary; those sinking completely are fake substances and unfit for medicinal use.