（蔓草）敛肺归肾涩精固气
五味（专入肺肾）。味虽有五。（皮甘。肉酸。核中苦辛。皆咸。）而酸咸俱多。其性亦
温。
故书载能敛气滋水。益气生津。补虚明目。强阴涩精。止呕除泻。宁嗽定喘。除烦止渴。消
肿解酒。收耗散之气。瞳子散大。为保肺滋肾要药。（成无己曰。肺欲收。急食酸以收之。
震亨曰。五味大能收肺气。宜其有补肾之功。收肺气。非除热乎。补肾。非暖水脏乎。乃火
热嗽必用之药。好古曰。张仲景八味丸用此补肾。亦兼述类象形也。）盖气发于胃出于肺。
若阴虚火起。则气散而不收。而烦渴咳嗽遗精汗散等症。因之互见。故必用以酸咸。则气始
有归宿。而病悉除。至云能以除热者。是即气收而火不外见之意也。所云能暖水脏者。是即
肾因得温而气得暖而藏之也。但寒邪初冒。脉实有火者禁用。（杲曰。有外邪者不可骤用。
以闭邪气。必先发散而后用之。乃良。）北产紫黑者良。入补药蒸。嗽药生用。恶葳蕤。
（灌木）收肝胆虚热不眠
酸枣仁（专入肝胆。兼入脾）。甘酸而润。仍有生熟之分。生则能导虚热。故疗肝热好
眠。神
昏燥倦之症。熟则收敛津液。故疗胆虚不眠。烦渴虚汗之症。（志曰。按五代史后唐刊石药
验云。酸枣仁睡多生使。不得睡炒熟。陶云。食之醒睡。而经云疗不得眠。盖其子肉味酸。
食之使不思睡。核中仁服之。疗不得眠。正如麻黄发汗。根节止汗也。）本肝胆二经要药。
因其气香味甘。故又能舒太阴之脾。（时珍曰。今人专以为心家药。殊昧此理。）按肝虚则阴
伤而心烦。而魂不能藏。（肝藏魂。）是以不得眠也。故凡伤寒虚烦多汗。及虚人盗汗。皆炒
熟用之。取其收敛肝脾之津液也。（如心多惊悸。用酸枣仁一两。炒香。捣为散。每服二钱
。竹叶汤调下。又温胆汤或加枣仁。金匮治虚劳虚烦。用酸枣仁汤。枣仁三升。甘草一两炙
。知母茯苓芎 各二两。深师加生姜二两。此补肝之剂。）归脾汤用以滋营气。亦以营气得
养。则肝自藏魂而弥安。血自归脾而卧见矣。其曰胆热好眠可疗。因其胆被热淫。神志昏冒
。故似好眠。其症仍兼烦燥。用此（同茶）疗热。热疗则神清气爽。又安有好眠之弊乎？（汪
昂
曰。温胆汤治不眠。内用二陈加竹茹枳实凉味。乃凉肺泻胃之热以温胆之寒也。其以温胆名
汤者。以胆欲不寒不燥。常温为候耳。）但仁性多润。滑泄最忌。纵使香能舒脾。难免润不
受滑矣。附记以补书所未及。炒研用。（炒久则油香不香。碎久则气味俱失。便难见功。）恶
防己。
（蔓草类）收敛肺气，引气归肾，涩精固气。
五味子（专门入肺、肾二经）。其味虽具五性（外皮甘，果肉酸，核中苦辛，整体皆咸），但酸味和咸味居多。其药性也是温的。
所以医书记载它能收敛元气、滋养阴液、益气生津、补虚明目、强阴涩精、止呕除泻、宁嗽定喘、除烦止渴、消肿解酒、收摄耗散之气。它是治疗瞳仁散大、保肺滋肾的要药。（成无己说：肺喜欢收敛，急需食用酸味药来收敛它。震亨说：五味子非常能收敛肺气，这也就解释了它补肾的功效。收敛肺气，不就是清除热邪吗？补肾，不就是温暖水脏吗？这是治疗火热咳嗽必用的药物。好古说：张仲景在八味丸中使用此药以补肾，也是运用了取类比象的原理。）大概元气发源于胃而出于肺，如果阴虚火起，则气机涣散而不能收敛，从而导致烦渴、咳嗽、遗精、汗出等症相互并见。所以必须使用酸咸之品，气才有归宿，病症才能全部消除。至于说它能清除热邪，这就是气机收敛而火邪不外现的意思。所谓能温暖水脏，就是肾脏得到温暖，气机得以温煦而封藏的意思。但是，如果是寒邪初袭体表，或者脉象实而有火者，禁止使用。（杲说：有外邪的人不可突然使用，以免闭门留寇，必须先发散表邪后再使用，这才是良策。北方出产的紫黑色者品质优良。用于补益药中需蒸制，用于止咳药中需生用。畏葳蕤。）
（灌木类）收敛肝胆虚热，治疗失眠。
酸枣仁（专门入肝、胆二经，兼入脾经）。味甘酸而滋润，仍有生用和熟用的区别。生用时能引导虚热，所以治疗肝热导致的嗜睡、神志昏沉、燥倦等症状。熟用时能收敛津液，所以治疗胆虚导致的失眠、烦渴、虚汗等症状。（志说：据《五代史》后唐刊石药验记载：酸枣仁多睡时生用，不眠时炒熟用。陶弘景说：吃它能让人清醒不睡，而经典说它治疗不眠。大概是因为它的果肉味酸，吃了使人不想睡觉；而核中的仁服用后，治疗不眠。正如麻黄发汗，根节止汗一样。）它是肝、胆二经的重要药物，因为气味甘香，所以又能舒缓太阴脾经。（时珍说：现在的人专门把它当作心经的药，很不明白这个道理。）按：肝虚则阴伤而心烦，魂不能潜藏。（肝藏魂。）因此导致不得睡眠。所以凡是伤寒后的虚烦多汗，以及体虚者的盗汗，都需炒熟使用，取其收敛肝脾津液的作用。（如果心中容易惊悸，可用酸枣仁一两，炒香，捣为散剂，每次服二钱，用竹叶汤送下。又有温胆汤可加入枣仁。《金匮要略》治疗虚劳虚烦，用酸枣仁汤：枣仁三升，甘草一两炙，知母、茯苓、川芎各二两，《深师方》加生姜二两，这是补肝的方剂。）归脾汤用它来滋养营气，也是因为营气得养，则肝自然能藏魂而更加安宁，血自然回归脾脏而安卧了。书中说胆热导致的嗜睡也可以治疗，因为胆被热邪淫扰，神志昏蒙，所以看似好眠，但其症状仍兼有烦躁。用此药（配合茶）治疗热邪，热邪去除则神清气爽，又怎么会有好眠的弊端呢？（汪昂说：温胆汤治疗不眠，内部使用二陈汤加竹茹、枳实等凉性药，是凉肺泻胃之热以温胆之寒。之所以叫温胆汤，是因为胆欲不寒不燥，常温为适宜状态。）但是，枣仁性质多润，滑肠泄便者最忌。即使香气能舒脾，也难免因滋润而导致滑泄。附记以补充书籍未提及之处。需炒研使用。（炒久了则油香味丧失，碎久了则气味全失，难以见效。）畏防己。
(Medicinal Vine) Astringes Lung Qi, guides Qi to the Kidney, secures Essence and consolidates Qi.
Wuweizi (Five-flavor Berry) [Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus] (specifically enters the Lung and Kidney meridians). Although its taste possesses five characteristics (skin is sweet, flesh is sour, core contains bitter and pungent, overall salty), the sour and salty flavors are predominant. Its nature is also warm.
Therefore, medical texts record that it can consolidate Qi, nourish Yin fluids, benefit Qi and generate fluids, tonify deficiency and brighten the eyes, strengthen Yin, astringe Essence, stop vomiting and diarrhea, calm cough and stabilize asthma, relieve irritability and quench thirst, reduce swelling and resolve alcohol toxicity, gather scattered Qi, and treat dilated pupils. It is an essential herb for protecting the Lung and nourishing the Kidney. (Cheng Wuji stated: The Lung desires consolidation; urgently consume sour substances to consolidate it. Zhenheng stated: Wuweizi greatly consolidates Lung Qi, which explains its merit in benefiting the Kidney. Consolidating Lung Qi is not eliminating heat? Benefiting the Kidney is not warming the Water Organ? It is a necessary herb for treating cough due to fire-heat. Haogu stated: Zhang Zhongjing used this herb in Ba Wei Wan to benefit the Kidney, also employing the principle of taking analogy from form and category.) Generally, Qi originates from the Stomach and emerges from the Lung. If Yin deficiency causes fire to rise, Qi scatters and cannot be consolidated, leading to concurrent symptoms such as irritability, thirst, cough, seminal emission, and sweating. Therefore, sour and salty substances must be used so that Qi has a destination, and all diseases are eliminated. Regarding the claim that it eliminates heat, this means that when Qi is consolidated, fire does not manifest externally. The statement about warming the Water Organ means that the Kidney receives warmth, and Qi is warmed and stored. However, if cold pathogen initially invades the exterior, or if the pulse is excess with fire, it is strictly prohibited. (Gao stated: Those with external pathogens should not use it abruptly, as it may trap the pathogen; one must first disperse the exterior before using it, which is the good method. Purple-black ones produced in the North are superior. Steam for tonic formulas; use raw for cough formulas. Incompatible with Ru Kuo [Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma].)
(Shrub) Consolidates Liver and Gallbladder deficient heat, treats insomnia.
Suanzaoren (Sour Jujube Seed) [Ziziphi Spinosae Semen] (specifically enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians, additionally enters the Spleen). Sweet and sour in taste, moistening. There is still a distinction between raw and processed forms. Raw can guide away deficient heat, thus treating liver heat causing excessive sleepiness, mental confusion, dryness, fatigue, and listlessness. Processed (roasted) can consolidate body fluids, thus treating gallbladder deficiency causing insomnia, irritability, thirst, and spontaneous sweating. (Zhi stated: According to the Stone Inscriptions of Medicinal Verification from Later Tang in the Five Dynasties period: Use raw for those sleeping too much; use roasted for those unable to sleep. Tao Hongjing said: Eating it wakes one up from sleep, while classics say it treats inability to sleep. This is because the fruit flesh is sour; eating it makes one not want to sleep. The kernel inside the seed treats inability to sleep. Just as Ma Huang [Ephedrae Herba] induces sweating, its root nodes stop sweating.) It is an essential herb for the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Because its aroma and flavor are sweet, it can also soothe the Taiyin Spleen. (Shizhen stated: People today specifically regard it as a Heart meridian herb, which shows ignorance of this principle.) Analysis: Liver deficiency leads to Yin injury and heart irritability, and the Hun (Ethereal Soul) cannot be stored. (The Liver stores the Hun.) Thus, insomnia occurs. Therefore, for post-typhoid deficient irritability and excessive sweating, as well as night sweats in deficient individuals, it should be roasted and used to take advantage of its ability to consolidate Liver and Spleen fluids. (If the Heart experiences frequent palpitations, use one liang of Suanzaoren, roast until fragrant, crush into powder, take two qian per dose, washed down with Zhu Ye [Phyllostachys Viridis Caulis] decoction. Alternatively, add Zao Ren to Wen Dan Tang [Warm the Gallbladder Decoction]. Jin Gui Yao Lue treats deficiency exhaustion and deficient irritability using Suanzaoren Tang: Suanzaoren three sheng, Zhi Gan Cao [Prepared Licorice Root] one liang, Zhi Mu [Anemarrhenae Rhizoma], Fu Ling [Poria], Xiong [Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma] each two liang. Shen Shi Fang adds Sheng Jiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens] two liang; this is a formula tonifying the Liver.) Gui Pi Tang [Restore the Spleen Decoction] uses it to nourish Ying Qi [Nutritive Qi]; because Ying Qi is nourished, the Liver naturally stores the Hun and becomes more stable, blood returns to the Spleen, and sleep is achieved. The text mentions that lethargy caused by Gallbladder heat can also be treated, because the Gallbladder is invaded by heat, causing mental confusion, making it appear like excessive sleep, but symptoms still include irritability. Using this herb (with tea) treats the heat; once heat is cleared, the mind becomes clear and refreshed, so how could there be the drawback of excessive sleep? (Wang Ang stated: Wen Dan Tang treats insomnia; internally it uses Er Chen Tang [Two-Aged Decoction] plus Zhu Ru [Bambusae Membrana] and Zhi Shi [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus], cool-natured herbs, to cool the Lung and drain Stomach heat to warm the Gallbladder's cold. It is named Wen Dan Tang because the Gallbladder desires neither cold nor dryness, maintaining a moderate temperature is appropriate.) However, the seed's nature is largely moistening; slippery purgation is most contraindicated. Even though fragrance can soothe the Spleen, it inevitably risks causing slipperiness due to moisture. Recorded here to supplement what books have omitted. Roast and grind before use. (Roasting too long loses the oily fragrance; grinding too long loses all aroma and efficacy, making it difficult to achieve results.) Incompatible with Fang Ji [Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix].)