一类二种。出中国本土者为独活。出羌中者为羌活。今以形虚大有白如鬼眼。
节疏色黄者为独活。色紫节密气猛烈者为羌活。
主治。祛一切风。百节痛。不仁。酸痛。颈项难伸。散痈疽败血。
独活寄生汤。独活桑寄生杜仲（去皮切姜汁炒去丝）牛膝（酒浸）北细辛秦艽白茯苓桂
心防
风川芎（酒洗）人参各一钱五分。炙草当归（酒洗）白芍（酒炒）熟地各一钱。水二大盏。
生姜三
片。煎至七分。食前温服。气虚下利去地黄。治肝肾虚弱。或冷卧湿地。或洗足当风。湿毒
内攻。腰 拘急。筋骨挛痛。或当风取凉。风邪流入脚膝。为偏枯冷痹缓弱疼痛。或皮肉紫
破或腰痛牵引脚重步艰。妇人妊娠腰腹背寒。产后腹痛不可转动。腰脚挛痛不得屈伸。痹弱
脚风。
羌活冲和汤。羌活一钱五分。防风白芷生地苍术黄芩各一钱。细辛生草各五分。川芎二
钱。加葱头三个。生姜一片。红枣二枚。水煎食远服。治春夏秋感冒诸证。如头痛由顶后起。
倍羌活。加 本。由耳后起。加柴胡。由太阳牵引头额两目。倍白芷。加葛根石膏。（ ）。
头痛兼腹痛身重。倍苍术。头痛兼足冷气逆。倍细辛。甚者加麻黄生附子。减黄芩。头痛兼
呕涎沫。手足厥冷。加吴茱萸。头痛有火热渴倍黄芩。加生石膏。便秘加生大黄。头痛吐痰
涎。四肢不冷者加半夏。
羌活退翳汤。羌活一钱五分。防风一钱。薄荷荆芥 本各七分。知母（酒制）五分。黄
柏
（酒制）四分。当归川芎各三分。麻黄生地（酒制）各二分。川椒细辛各一分。水煎服。治
阴阳
翳。按各种头痛风疾目痛眼翳。当以此为主药。
分为一类，包含两种药材。产于中国本土的叫独活。产于羌地（今四川、甘肃一带）的叫羌活。现在根据形态来区分：形状虚浮较大、断面有白色纹理如鬼眼、节间稀疏、颜色黄者为独活；颜色紫、节间紧密、气味猛烈者为羌活。
主治功效：祛除各种风邪，治疗全身关节疼痛、麻木不仁、酸痛，以及颈项僵硬难以伸展。能消散痈疽和败血。
独活寄生汤：独活、桑寄生、杜仲（去皮，切片后用姜汁炒至断丝）、牛膝（酒浸）、北细辛、秦艽、白茯苓、桂心、防风、川芎（酒洗）、人参，各一钱五分。炙甘草、当归（酒洗）、白芍（酒炒）、熟地黄，各一钱。加水两大盏，生姜三片，煎煮至七分量，饭前温服。若气虚导致下利，去掉地黄。此方治疗肝肾虚弱，或因睡在潮湿之地，或洗脚时当风受寒，导致湿毒内攻，出现腰部拘急、筋骨挛痛；或因当风取凉，风邪流入脚膝，导致偏枯、冷痹、缓弱疼痛；或皮肉紫暗破损，或腰痛牵引脚重、行走艰难；妇女妊娠期间腰腹背寒，产后腹痛无法转动，腰脚挛痛不能屈伸，痹证软弱及脚部风疾。
羌活冲和汤：羌活一钱五分，防风、白芷、生地黄、苍术、黄芩各一钱，细辛、生甘草各五分，川芎二钱。加葱头三个，生姜一片，红枣两枚。水煎，饭后服用。治疗春夏秋三季感冒的各种证候。如果头痛从头顶后方起，加倍羌活，加藁本；如果从耳后起，加柴胡；如果从太阳经牵引至头额和两眼，加倍白芷，加葛根、石膏。（此处原文缺字，推测为具体加减法）。如果头痛兼有腹痛、身体沉重，加倍苍术；头痛兼有足部冷气上逆，加倍细辛；病情严重者加麻黄、生附子，减少黄芩；头痛兼有呕吐涎沫、手足厥冷，加吴茱萸；头痛伴有火热口渴，加倍黄芩，加生石膏；便秘加生大黄；头痛吐痰涎但四肢不冷的，加半夏。
羌活退翳汤：羌活一钱五分，防风一钱，薄荷、荆芥、藁本各七分，知母（酒制）五分，黄柏（酒制）四分，当归、川芎各三分，麻黄、生地黄（酒制）各二分，川椒、细辛各一分。水煎服。治疗阴阳翳（眼部疾病）。按各类头痛、风疾、目痛、眼翳，应当以此方为主药。
Classified as one category containing two species. Those produced in the native regions of China are called *Duhuo* (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis). Those produced in Qiangzhong (ancient region covering parts of modern Sichuan and Gansu) are called *Qianghuo* (Rhizoma Notopterygii). Currently, they are distinguished by morphology: those with a hollow or loose texture, larger size, white radial patterns resembling "ghost eyes" in the cross-section, sparse nodes, and yellowish color are *Duhuo*. Those with purplish color, dense nodes, and a pungent aroma are *Qianghuo*.
Indications: Dispels all types of wind pathogens; treats pain in all joints, numbness, soreness and pain, and stiffness making neck extension difficult. It dissipates carbuncles, ulcers, and stagnant blood.
*Duhuo Jisheng Tang* (Duhuo and Sangjisheng Decoction): *Duhuo*, *Sangjisheng* (Taxilli Ramulus), *Duzhong* (Eucommiae Cortex, peeled, sliced, stir-fried with ginger juice until fibers break), *Niuxi* (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, soaked in wine), *Beixixin* (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), *Qinjiao* (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), *Baifuling* (Poria), *Guixin* (Cinnamomi Ramulus), *Fangfeng* (Saposhnikoviae Radix), *Chuanxiong* (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, washed with wine), *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), each 1.5 qian. *Zhigancao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma preparata), *Danggui* (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, washed with wine), *Baishao* (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fried with wine), *Shudi* (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), each 1 qian. Add two large bowls of water and three slices of fresh ginger. Decoct until only 70% remains. Take warm before meals. If qi deficiency leads to diarrhea, remove Shudi. This formula treats liver and kidney deficiency, or cold-dampness invading internally due to sleeping on wet ground or washing feet while exposed to wind, resulting in lumbar spasm and tendon contraction/pain. It also treats wind-cold invading the lower limbs due to exposure to wind while cooling off, causing hemiplegia, cold-bi syndrome, weakness, and pain; purple or broken skin/flesh; low back pain radiating to heavy legs and difficult walking; cold sensation in the lower abdomen, back, and waist during pregnancy; postpartum abdominal pain preventing movement, lumbar and leg spasms preventing flexion and extension; bi-syndrome weakness, and foot wind disorders.
*Qianghuo Chonghe Tang* (Qianghuo and Chonghe Decoction): *Qianghuo* 1.5 qian, *Fangfeng*, *Baizhi*, *Shengdihuang*, *Cangzhu*, *Huangqin*, each 1 qian; *Xixin*, *Shengcaozhi* (Raw Licorice), each 0.5 qian; *Chuanxiong* 2 qian. Add three scallion heads, one slice of fresh ginger, and two red dates. Decoct in water and take after meals. Treats various cold syndromes in spring, summer, and autumn. If headache originates from the back of the vertex, double the dosage of *Qianghuo* and add *Gaoben* (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma); if originating from behind the ears, add *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix); if radiating from the Taiyang channel to the forehead and eyes, double *Baizhi* and add *Gegen* (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) and *Shigao* (Gypsum Fibrosum). [Text missing here]. If headache is accompanied by abdominal pain and heaviness of the body, double *Cangzhu*; if accompanied by cold qi rising from the feet, double *Xixin*; for severe cases, add *Mahuang* (Ephedrae Herba) and *Shengfuzi* (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata - raw), and reduce *Huangqin*; if accompanied by vomiting of saliva/phlegm and cold extremities, add *Wuzhuyu* (Evodiae Fructus); if accompanied by heat-fire and thirst, double *Huangqin* and add raw *Shigao*; if constipated, add raw *Dasheng* (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma); if headache with phlegm-spitting but without cold extremities, add *Banxia* (Pinelliae Tuber).
*Qianghuo Tuiyi Tang* (Qianghuo and Eyecataract-Dispersing Decoction): *Qianghuo* 1.5 qian, *Fangfeng* 1 qian, *Bohe* (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), *Jingjie* (Schizonepetae Spica), *Gaoben*, each 0.7 fen; *Zhimu* (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, processed with wine) 0.5 fen; *Huangbai* (Phellodendri Cortex, processed with wine) 0.4 fen; *Danggui*, *Chuanxiong*, each 0.3 fen; *Mahuang*, *Shengdihuang* (processed with wine), each 0.2 fen; *Chuanjiao* (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), *Xixin*, each 0.1 fen. Decoct in water and take orally. Treats yin-yang nebula (cataracts/eye opacities). For various types of headache, wind disorders, eye pain, and eye nebula, this formula should be used as the principal medicine.