（《拾遗》）
【集解】时珍曰∶血犹水也。水谷入于中焦，泌别熏蒸，化其精微，上注于肺。流溢于
中，布散于外。中焦受汁，变化而赤，行于隧道，以奉生身，是之谓血，命曰营气。血之与
气，异名同类；清者为营，浊者为卫，营行于阴，卫行于阳；气主煦之，血主濡之。血体属
水，以火为用，故曰气者血之帅也。气升则升，气降则降；气热则行，气寒则凝；火活则
，火死则黑。邪犯阳经则上逆，邪犯阴经则下流。盖人身之血，皆生于脾，摄于心，藏于肝
，布于肺，而施化于肾也。仙家炼之，化为白汁，阴尽阳纯也。苌弘死忠，血化为碧，人血
入土，年久为磷，皆精灵之极也。
【气味】咸，平，有毒。
【主治】羸病患皮肉干枯，身上麸片起，又狂犬咬，寒热欲发者，并刺血热饮之（藏器）。
【发明】时珍曰∶肉干麸起，燥病也，不可卒润也。饮人血以润之，人之血可胜刺乎？
夫润燥、治狂犬之药亦伙矣，奚俟于此耶？始作方者，不仁甚矣，其无后乎？虐兵、残贼，
亦有以酒饮人血者，此乃天戮之民，必有其报，不必责也。诸方用血，惟不悖于理者，收附
于下。
【附方】新七。吐血不止∶就用吐出血块，炒黑为末。每服三分，以麦门冬汤调服。盖
血不归元，则积而上逆；以血导血归元，则止矣。（吴球《诸证辨疑》）衄血不止∶《圣济总
录》∶用白纸一张，接衄血令满，于灯上烧灰，作一服，新汲水下。勿用病患知。《儒门事亲》∶
就用本衄血，纸捻蘸点眼内，左点右，右点左。此法大妙。金疮内漏∶取疮内所出血，以水
和，服之。（《千金》）产乳血晕∶取酽醋，和产妇血如枣大，服之。（《普济方》）小儿赤疵∶
针父脚中，取血贴之，即落。（《千金方》）小儿疣目∶以针决其四边，取患疮脓汁敷之。忌
水三日，即溃落也。（《千金》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】李时珍说：血就像水一样。水谷进入中焦，经过泌别和熏蒸作用，转化出其中的精微物质，向上输送到肺。血液流溢于体内，布散于体表。中焦接受水谷汁液，将其变化为红色，在脉道中运行，以滋养全身，这就叫做血，也称为营气。血与气，名称不同但本质同类；清稀的部分称为营，浑浊的部分称为卫；营气行于阴分，卫气行于阳分；气主要起温煦作用，血主要起濡润作用。血的形体属性属于水，功能运用依赖于火，所以说气是血的统帅。气上升则血随之上升，气下降则血随之下降；气热则血行通畅，气寒则血凝滞；火活则血色红润，火死则血色发黑。邪气侵犯阳经则导致血上逆，邪气侵犯阴经则导致血下流。大概人体的血，都生于脾，由心统摄，藏于肝，布散于肺，而施化作用于肾。道家修炼将血炼化为白色汁液，这是阴尽阳纯的结果。苌弘因忠贞而死，其血化为碧玉；人血落入土中，年代久远化为磷火，这都是精气神达到极致的表现。
【气味】味咸，性平，有毒。
【主治】消瘦病人的皮肤肌肉干枯，身上出现如麸皮般的鳞屑，以及被狂犬咬伤、即将发作寒热症状者，均可刺取患者血液加热后饮用。（出自《本草拾遗·藏器》部分）
【发明】李时珍说：肌肉干枯、皮肤起麸皮样鳞屑，这是燥病，不能突然使其湿润。让人饮用人血来滋润它，人的血经得起这样大量刺取吗？滋润燥邪、治疗狂犬咬伤的药材已经很多了，何必依赖于此呢？最初创制这种方子的人，太不仁义了，恐怕会没有后代吧？残暴的军队、凶残的贼寇，也有用酒混着人血饮用的，这些是天理诛戮之民，必定会有报应，不必去责备他们。各方书中使用人血的记载，只有不违背医理的，才收录在下面。
【附方】新收录七首。吐血不止：就用吐出的血块，炒黑研成粉末。每次服用三分，用麦门冬汤调服。因为血不归元，就会积聚而上逆；以血引导血回归本源，出血就能停止。（出自吴球《诸证辨疑》）鼻衄不止：《圣济总录》记载：用白纸一张，承接鼻衄的血直到满纸，在灯上烧成灰，作为一剂服用，用新汲水下咽。不要让病人知道。《儒门事亲》记载：直接用本侧鼻孔流出的血，用纸捻蘸取点入眼内，左侧鼻衄点右眼，右侧鼻衄点左眼。这个方法非常奇妙。金疮内部出血：取伤口内流出的血，用水调和后服用。（出自《千金方》）产后血晕：取浓醋，混合产妇的血如枣核大小，服用。（出自《普济方》）小儿赤疵：针刺父亲脚部取血贴敷患处，赤疵即脱落。（出自《千金方》）小儿疣目：用针挑破疣目四周，取患处的脓汁敷涂。忌水三天，疣目即溃烂脱落。（出自《千金方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: Blood is like water. When food and drink enter the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), they undergo separation and steaming, transforming their essence into fine nutrients, which ascend to the Lung. The blood flows and overflows internally, spreading externally. The Middle Jiao receives the fluid, transforms it into red color, and circulates it through the vessels to nourish the body; this is called Blood, also known as Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi). Blood and Qi have different names but share the same origin; the clear portion is Ying (Nutritive), while the turbid portion is Wei (Defensive); Ying Qi circulates in the Yin aspects, while Wei Qi circulates in the Yang aspects; Qi primarily provides warmth, while Blood primarily provides moistening. The substance of Blood belongs to Water, yet its function relies on Fire; therefore, it is said that Qi is the commander of Blood. When Qi ascends, Blood ascends; when Qi descends, Blood descends; when Qi is hot, Blood flows freely; when Qi is cold, Blood coagulates; when Fire is active, the color is vibrant; when Fire dies, the color turns black. When pathogenic factors invade the Yang meridians, Blood rebels upward; when they invade the Yin meridians, Blood flows downward. Generally, the Blood of the human body is generated by the Spleen, controlled by the Heart, stored in the Liver, distributed by the Lung, and transformed by the Kidney. Alchemists refine it into a white fluid, representing the exhaustion of Yin and the purity of Yang. Chang Hong died for his loyalty, and his blood turned into jasper; human blood falling into the earth eventually becomes phosphorus after many years; these are all manifestations of extreme spiritual essence.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, neutral, toxic.
[Indications] For emaciated patients with dry skin and muscles, and scales resembling bran rising on the body, as well as those bitten by rabid dogs who are about to develop chills and fever, one can prick the patient to obtain blood, heat it, and drink it. (From Zang Qian's section in *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Enlightened Insights] Li Shizhen stated: Dry muscles and skin with bran-like scales indicate a condition of Dryness, which cannot be moistened abruptly. Is it humane to make people drink human blood for moistening? Can human blood withstand such extensive pricking? There are already numerous herbs for moistening Dryness and treating rabid dog bites; why rely on this method? The person who first created this prescription was extremely unkind and likely lacked descendants. Cruel soldiers and ruthless bandits also sometimes drink human blood mixed with wine; these are people destined for heavenly punishment and will surely receive retribution, so there is no need to blame them. Among various prescriptions using blood, only those that do not violate medical principles are recorded below.
[Attached Prescriptions] Seven new prescriptions.
1. Unstoppable hematemesis (vomiting blood): Take the clots of vomited blood, stir-fry until black, and grind into powder. Take 3 fen per dose, mixed with Ophiopogon Decoction (Mendong Tang). Since blood failing to return to its source accumulates and rebels upward, using blood to guide blood back to its source stops the bleeding. (Wu Qiu, *Zhuzheng Banyi*)
2. Unstoppable epistaxis (nosebleed): *Shengji Zonglu*: Use a sheet of white paper to catch the nosebleed until full, burn it to ash over a lamp, take as a single dose, washed down with fresh water. Do not let the patient know. *Rumen Shiqin*: Use the blood from the nostril itself, dip a paper twist into it, and apply to the eye; if the left nostril bleeds, apply to the right eye; if the right, apply to the left. This method is excellent.
3. Internal bleeding from metal wounds: Take the blood from the wound, mix with water, and ingest. (*Qianjin Fang*)
4. Postpartum syncope due to blood loss: Take strong vinegar, mix with the parturient's blood to the size of a jujube, and ingest. (*Puji Fang*)
5. Pediatric erythema macules (red spots): Prick the father's foot to obtain blood and apply it to the lesion; the spots will fall off. (*Qianjin Fang*)
6. Pediatric warts: Pierce the four sides of the wart with a needle, collect the pus from the lesion, and apply it. Avoid water for three days; the wart will ulcerate and fall off. (*Qianjin*)