（《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶生宜州郊野。茎叶如薄荷。一名斑杖，一名接骨。
时珍曰∶斑杖，名同虎杖；接骨，名同蒴 ，不知是一类否？
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】解利风热，烦渴狂躁，捣汁服，甚效（苏颂）。
（《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶生筠州，多在水旁。春生苗，茎青，叶如柳，无花。土人七月、八月采。
单用，不入众药。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】小儿风热丹毒，同甘草煎饮（苏颂）。
毒草类四十七种
（《本经》下品）
【释名】黄良（《本经》）、将军（当之）、火参（《吴普》）、肤如（《吴普》）。
弘景曰∶大黄，其色也。将军之号，当取其骏快也。
杲曰∶推陈致新，如戡定祸乱，以致太平，所以有将军之号。
【集解】《别录》曰∶大黄生河西山谷及陇西。二月、八月采根，火干。
普曰∶生蜀郡北部或陇西。二月卷生黄赤，其叶四四相当，茎高三尺许。三月花黄，五
月实黑，八月采根。根有黄汁，切片阴干。
弘景曰∶今采益州北部汶山及西山者，虽非河西、陇西，好者犹作紫地锦色，味甚苦涩，
色至浓黑。西川阴干者胜。北部日干，亦有火干者，皮小焦不如，而耐蛀堪久。此药至劲利，
粗者便不中服。
恭曰∶叶、子、茎并似羊蹄，但茎高六、七尺而脆，味酸堪生啖，叶粗长而浓。根细者
亦似
宿羊蹄，大者乃如碗，长二尺。其性湿润而易蛀坏，火干乃佳。作时烧石使热，横寸截着石
上爆之，一日微燥，以绳穿晾干。今出宕州、凉州、西羌、蜀地者皆佳。幽并以北者渐细，
气力不及蜀中者。陶言蜀地不及陇西，误矣。
藏器曰∶凡用当分别之。若取和浓深沉、能攻病者，可用蜀中似牛舌片紧硬者；若取泻
泄骏快、推陈去热者，当取河西锦纹者。
颂曰∶今蜀川、河东、陕西州郡皆有之，以蜀川锦纹者佳。其次秦陇来者，谓之土番大
黄。
正月内生青叶，似蓖麻，大者如扇。根如芋，大者如碗，长一、二尺。其细根如牛蒡，小者
亦如芋。四月开黄花，亦有青红似荞麦花者。茎青紫色，形如竹。二、八月采根，去黑皮，
切作横片，火干。蜀大黄乃作竖片如牛舌形，谓之牛舌大黄。二者功用相等。江淮出者曰土
大黄，二月开花，结细实。
时珍曰∶宋祁《益州方物图》，言蜀大山中多有之，赤茎大叶，根巨若碗，药市以大者
为枕，紫地锦纹也。今人以庄浪出者为最，庄浪，即古泾原陇西地，与《别录》相合。
【正误】颂曰∶鼎州出一种羊蹄大黄，治疥瘙甚效。初生苗叶如羊蹄，累年长大，即叶
似商陆而狭尖。四月内抽条出穗，五、七茎相合，花叶同色。结实如荞麦而轻小，五月熟即
黄色，呼为金荞麦。三月采苗，五月采实，阴干。九月采根，破之亦有锦纹。亦呼为土大黄。
时珍曰∶苏说即老羊蹄根也。因其似大黄，故谓之羊蹄大黄，实非一类。又一种酸模，
乃山大黄也。状似羊蹄而生山上，所谓土大黄或指此，非羊蹄也。俱见本条。
根
【修治】雷曰∶凡使细切，以纹如水旋斑紧重者，锉片蒸之，从巳至未，晒干，又洒腊
水蒸之，从未至亥，如此凡七次。晒干，却洒淡蜜水再蒸一伏时，其大黄必如乌膏样，乃晒
干用。
藏器曰∶凡用有蒸、有生、有熟，不得一概用之。
承曰∶大黄采时，皆以火石爆干货卖，更无生者，用之亦不须更多炮炙蒸煮。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶大寒。普曰∶神农、雷公∶苦，有毒；扁鹊∶苦，
无毒；李当之∶小寒。
元素曰∶味苦气寒，气味俱浓，沉而降，阴也。用之须酒浸煨熟者，寒因热用。酒浸入
太阳经；酒洗入阳明经，余经不用酒。
杲曰∶大黄苦峻下走，用之于下必生用。若邪气在上，非酒不至，必用酒浸引上至高之
分，
驱热而下。如物在高巅，必射以取之也。若用生者，则遗至高之邪热，是以愈后或目赤，或
喉痹，或头肿，或膈上热疾生也。
时珍曰∶凡病在气分，及胃寒血虚，并妊娠产后，并勿轻用。其性苦寒，能伤元气、耗
阴血故也。
之才曰∶黄芩为之使，无所畏。
权曰∶忌冷水，恶干漆。
【主治】下瘀血血闭，寒热，破症瘕积聚，留饮宿食，荡涤肠胃，推陈致新，通利
水谷，调中化食，安和五脏（《本经》）。平胃下气，除痰实，肠间结热，心腹胀满，女子寒
血闭胀，小腹痛，诸老血留结（《别录》）。通女子经候，利水肿，利大小肠。贴热肿毒，小
儿寒热时疾，烦热蚀脓（甄权）。通宣一切气，调血脉，利关节，泄壅滞水气，温瘴热疟（大
明）。泻诸实热不通，除下焦湿热，消宿食，泻心下痞满（元素）。下痢赤白，里急腹痛，小
便淋沥，实热燥结，潮热谵语，黄胆诸火疮（时珍）。
【发明】之才曰∶得芍药、黄芩、牡蛎、细辛、茯苓，疗惊恚怒，心下悸气。得硝石、
紫石英、桃仁，疗女子血闭。
宗 曰∶张仲景治心气不足，吐血衄血，泻心汤，用大黄、黄芩、黄连。或曰心气既不
足，而不用补心汤，更用泻心何也？答曰∶若心气独不足，则当不吐衄也。此乃邪热因不足
而客之，故令吐衄。以苦泄其热，以苦补其心，盖一举而两得之。有是证者，用之无不效，
惟在量其虚实而已。
震亨曰∶大黄苦寒善泄，仲景用之泻心汤者，正因少阴经不足，本经之阳亢甚无辅，以
致阴血妄行飞越。故用大黄泻去亢甚之火，使之平和，则血归经而自安。夫心之阴气不足，
非一日矣，肺与肝俱各受火而病作。故黄芩救肺，黄连救肝。肺者阴之主，肝者心之母、血
之合也。肝肺之火既退，则阴血复其旧矣。寇氏不明说而云邪热客之，何以明仲景之意而开
悟后人也？
时珍曰∶大黄乃足太阴、手足阳明、手足厥阴五经血分之药。凡病在五经血分者，宜用
之。若在气分用之，是谓诛伐无过矣。泻心汤治心气不足吐血衄血者，乃真心之气不足，而
手厥阴心包络、足厥阴肝、足太阴脾、足阳明胃之邪火有余也。虽曰泻心，实泻四经血中之
伏火也。又仲景治心下痞满、按之软者，用大黄黄连泻心汤主之。此亦泻脾胃之湿热，非泻
心也。病发于阴而反下之，则作痞满，乃寒伤营血，邪气乘虚结于上焦。胃之上脘在于心，
故曰泻心，实泻脾也。《素问》云∶太阴所至为痞满。又云∶浊气在上，则生 胀，是矣。
病发于阳而反下之，则成结胸，乃热邪陷入血分，亦在上脘分野。仲景大陷胸汤丸皆用大黄，
亦泻脾胃血分之邪，而降
其浊气也。若结胸在气分，则只用小陷胸汤；痞满在气分，则用半夏泻心汤矣。成无己注释
《伤寒论》，亦不知分别此义。
成无己曰∶热淫所胜，以苦泄之。大黄之苦，以荡涤瘀热，下燥结而泄胃强。
颂曰∶本草称大黄推陈致新，其效最神，故古方下积滞多用之，张仲景治伤寒用处尤多。
古
人用毒药攻病，必随人之虚实寒热而处置，非一切轻用也。梁武帝因发热欲服大黄。姚僧坦
曰∶大黄，乃是快药，至尊年高，不可轻用。帝弗从，几至委顿。梁元帝常有心腹疾。诸医
咸谓宜用平药，可渐宣通。僧坦曰∶脉洪而实，此有宿妨，非用大黄无瘥理。帝从之，遂愈。
以此言之，今医用一毒药而攻众病，其偶中，便谓此方神奇；其差误，则不言用药之失，可
不戒哉？
【附方】旧十三，新四十二。
吐血衄血，治心气不足，吐血衄血者，泻心汤主之∶大黄二两，黄连、黄芩各一两，
水三升，煮一升，热服取利。（张仲景《金匮玉函》）
吐血刺痛∶川大黄一两，为散。每服一钱，以生地黄汁一合，水半盏，煎三、五沸，无
时服
伤寒痞满，病发于阴，而反下之，心下满而不痛，按之濡，此为痞也，大黄黄连
泻心汤主之∶大黄二两，黄连一两，以麻沸汤二升渍之，须臾绞汁，分作二次温服。（仲
景《伤寒论》）
热病谵狂∶川大黄五两，锉，炒微赤，为散。用腊雪水五升，煎如膏。每服半匙，冷水
下。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒发黄∶方同上。气壮者，大黄一两。水二升，渍一宿，平旦煎汁一升，入芒硝一两，
缓服，须臾当利下。（《伤寒类要》）
腰脚风气作痛∶大黄二两，切如棋子，和少酥炒干，勿令焦，捣筛。每用二钱，空心以
水三大合，入姜三片，煎十余沸，取汤调服。当下冷脓恶物，即痛止。（崔元亮《海上方》）
一切壅滞∶《经验后方》∶治风热积壅，化痰涎，治痞闷消食，化气导血∶用大黄四两，
牵牛
子（半炒半生）四两，为末，炼蜜丸如梧子大。每服十丸，白汤下，并不损人。如要微利，
加
一、二十丸。《卫生宝鉴》∶用皂荚熬膏和丸，名坠痰丸，又名全真丸。金宣宗服之有验，赐
名保安丸。
痰为百病∶滚痰丸∶治痰为百病，惟水泻、胎前产后不可服用∶大黄（酒浸，蒸熟切晒）
八两，生黄芩八两，沉香半两，青礞石二两。
以焰硝二两，同入砂罐固济， 红研末二两。上各取末，以水和丸梧子大。常服一、二十丸，
小病五、六十丸，缓病七、八十丸，急病一百二十丸，温水吞下，即卧勿动，候药逐上焦痰
滞。次日先下糟粕，次下痰涎，未下再服。王隐君岁合四十余斤，愈疾数万也。（《养生主
论》）
男女诸病∶无极丸∶治妇人经血不通，赤白带下，崩漏不止，肠风下血，五淋，产后积
血，
症瘕腹痛，男子五劳七伤，小儿骨蒸潮热等证，其效甚速。
分作四分∶一分用童尿一碗，食盐二钱，浸一日，切晒；一分用醇酒一碗，浸一日，切晒，
再以巴豆仁三十五粒同炒，豆黄，去豆不用；一分用红花四两，泡水一碗，浸一日，切晒；
一分用当归四两，入淡醋一碗，同浸一日，去归，切晒。为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每服五十丸，
空心温酒下。取下恶物为验；未下再服。此武当高士孙碧云方也。（《医林集要》）
心腹诸疾∶三物备急丸∶治心腹诸疾，卒暴百病∶用大黄、巴豆、干姜各一两。捣筛，
蜜和
捣一千杵，丸小豆大，每服三丸。凡中恶客忤，心腹胀满，痛如
者，以暖水或酒服之，或灌之。未知更服三丸，腹中鸣转，当吐下便愈。若口已噤者，折齿
灌之，入喉即瘥。此乃仲景方，司空裴秀改为散用，不及丸也。（《图经本草》）
腹中痞块∶大黄十两为散，醋三升，蜜两匙和煎，丸梧子大。每服三十丸，生姜汤下，吐利
为度。（《外台秘要》）
腹胁积块∶风化石（灰末）半斤，瓦器炒极热，稍冷，入大黄（末）一两炒热，入桂心
（末）半两略炒，下米醋搅成膏，摊布贴之。又方∶大黄二两，朴硝一两，为末，以大蒜同
捣膏和贴之。或加阿魏一两，尤妙。（《丹溪心法》）
久患积聚，二便不利，气上抢心，腹中胀满，害食∶大黄、白芍各二两。为末，水丸梧
子大。每汤下四十丸，日三，以知为度。（《千金方》）
脾癖疳积，不拘大人小儿∶锦纹大黄三两为末，醋一盏，沙锅内容武火熬成膏，倾瓦上
，日晒夜露三日，再研。用舶上硫黄一两（形如琥珀者），官粉一两，同研匀。十岁以下小
儿半钱，大人一钱半，米饮下。忌一切生冷、鱼肉，只食白粥半月。如一服不愈，半月之后
再服。若不忌口，不如勿服。（《圣济总录》）
小儿无辜闪癖瘰 ，或头干黄耸，或乍痢乍瘥，诸状多者，大黄煎主之∶大黄九两（锦
纹新
实者，若微朽即不中用），削去皮，捣筛为散。以好米醋三升，和置瓦碗中，于大铛内浮汤
上，炭火慢煮，候至成膏，可丸，乃贮器中。三岁儿一服七丸，梧子大，日再服，以下出青
赤脓为度。若不下，或下少，稍稍加丸。若下多，又须减之。病重者七、八剂方尽根。大人
亦可用之。此药惟下宿脓，不令儿利也。须禁食毒物，乳母亦禁之。一加木香一两半。（崔
知悌方）
小儿诸热∶大黄（煨熟）、黄芩各一两，为末，炼蜜丸麻子大。每服五丸至十丸，蜜汤
下。加黄连，名三黄丸。（《钱氏小儿方》）
骨蒸积热，渐渐黄瘦∶大黄四分，以童子小便五、六合，煎取四合，去滓。空腹分为二
服，如人行五里，再服。（《广利方》）
赤白浊淋∶好大黄为末。每服六分，以鸡子一个，破顶入药，搅匀蒸熟，空心食之。不
过三服愈。（《简便方》）
相火秘结∶大黄（末）一两，牵牛头（末）半两，每服三钱。
有厥冷者，酒服；无厥冷，五心烦，蜜汤服。（刘河间《保命集》）
诸痢初起∶大黄（煨熟）、当归各二、三钱（壮人各一两）。水煎服，取利。或加槟榔。
（《集
热痢里急∶大黄一两。浸酒半日，煎服取利。（《集简方》）
忽喘闷绝，不能语言，涎流吐逆，牙齿动摇，气出转大，绝而复苏，名伤寒并热霍乱∶
大黄
食已即吐，胸中有火也∶大黄一两，甘草二钱半，水一升，煮半升，温服。（仲景《金
匮玉函方》）
（《本草图经》）
【集解】苏颂说：生长在宜州郊野。茎叶像薄荷。又名斑杖，又名接骨。
李时珍说：斑杖，名称与虎杖相同；接骨，名称与蒴藋相同，不知道是不是同一类？
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】解除风热邪气，治疗烦渴狂躁，捣烂取汁服用，效果很好（苏颂）。
（《本草图经》）
【集解】苏颂说：生长在筠州，多生长在水边。春天生苗，茎青色，叶子像柳叶，不开花。当地人七月、八月采收。
单独使用，不加入其他药物中配伍。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
【主治】小儿风热引起的丹毒，配合甘草煎汤饮用（苏颂）。
毒草类第四十七种
（《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】黄良（《本经》）、将军（李当之）、火参（《吴普》）、肤如（《吴普》）。
陶弘景说：大黄，是因为它的颜色而得名。将军的称号，应当是取其迅猛快速之意。
杲（张元素或王好古，此处指后世医家观点）说：推陈出新，如同平定祸乱以达成太平，所以有将军的称号。
【集解】《名医别录》说：大黄生长在河西山谷及陇西。二月、八月采挖根部，用火烘干。
吴普说：生长在蜀郡北部或陇西。二月卷曲生出黄赤色，叶子四四相对，茎高三尺左右。三月开黄花，五月结黑色果实，八月采挖根部。根有黄色汁液，切片后阴干。
陶弘景说：现在采集益州北部汶山及西山的大黄，虽然不是河西、陇西所产，但好的仍然呈现紫地锦纹色，味道非常苦涩，颜色浓黑。西川阴干的胜过日干的。北部日干的，也有火干的，表皮微焦不如阴干的好，但耐虫蛀可久存。此药效力强劲犀利，粗大的反而不适合服用。
恭（苏恭）说：叶、子、茎都像羊蹄草，只是茎高六七尺且脆，味道酸可以生吃，叶子粗糙长而浓密。细的根也像宿存的羊蹄草，大的像碗口大，长二尺。其性质湿润容易虫蛀损坏，用火烘干才好。制作时烧红石头使其发热，将大黄横着切成寸段放在石上爆烤，一天后微干，用绳子穿起晾干。现在宕州、凉州、西羌、蜀地出产的都很好。幽州并州以北出产的逐渐变细，药力不及蜀地产的。陶弘景说蜀地不及陇西，是错误的。
藏器（陈藏器）说：凡是用大黄应当分别对待。如果要取和缓深沉、能攻治病邪的，可用蜀中似牛舌片紧硬的；如果要取泻下迅疾、推陈去热的，应当取河西带锦纹的。
苏颂说：现在蜀川、河东、陕西各州郡都有，以蜀川带锦纹的最好。其次是秦陇来的，称为土番大黄。
正月内生青叶，像蓖麻，大的像扇子。根像芋头，大的像碗口大，长一、二尺。细根像牛蒡，小的也像芋头。四月开黄花，也有青红色像荞麦花的。茎青紫色，形状像竹子。二、八月采挖根部，去掉黑皮，切作横片，用火烘干。蜀地黄大作竖片像牛舌形，称为牛舌大黄。两者的功效相等。江淮出产的叫土大黄，二月开花，结细小果实。
李时珍说：宋祁《益州方物图》说，蜀地大山中多有生长，赤茎大叶，根巨大若碗，药市中大者用作枕头，呈紫地锦纹。现在人以庄浪出产的为最好，庄浪即古泾原陇西地，与《名医别录》相符。
【正误】苏颂说：鼎州出产一种羊蹄大黄，治疗疥疮瘙痒效果很好。初生苗叶像羊蹄，多年长大，则叶像商陆而狭尖。四月内抽条出穗，五、七茎相合，花叶同色。结实像荞麦而轻小，五月熟时黄色，称为金荞麦。三月采苗，五月采实，阴干。九月采根，破开也有锦纹。也称为土大黄。
李时珍说：苏颂说的就是老羊蹄根。因为像大黄，所以叫羊蹄大黄，实际上不是同一类。又有一种酸模，是大山中的大黄。形状像羊蹄而生在山上，所谓的土大黄可能指这个，不是羊蹄。都见本条。
根
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，细细切碎，以纹理如水旋斑紧密厚重的，锉成片蒸制，从巳时到未时，晒干，再洒腊水蒸制，从未时到亥时，如此共七次。晒干，再洒淡蜜水蒸一个时辰，这样的大黄一定像乌膏样，然后晒干使用。
陈藏器说：凡是用大黄，有蒸的、有生用的、有熟用的，不能一概使用。
寇宗奭说：大黄采收时，都用火石爆干售卖，没有生的，使用时也不需要过多炮炙蒸煮。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：大寒。吴普说：神农、雷公认为苦，有毒；扁鹊认为苦，无毒；李当之认为小寒。
张元素说：味苦气寒，气味俱浓，沉降而降，属阴。使用时须用酒浸煨熟的，这是寒因热用。酒浸入太阳经；酒洗入阳明经，其余经络不用酒。
王好古说：大黄苦峻下走，用于下部必须生用。如果邪气在上部，不用酒引不到，必须用酒浸引至最高之处，驱热下行。就像物体在高处，必须射箭去获取它一样。如果用生的，则会遗漏最高处的邪热，因此病愈后可能出现目赤、喉痹、头肿或膈上热疾。
李时珍说：凡是病在气分，以及胃寒血虚，还有妊娠产后，都不要轻易使用。因为其性苦寒，能伤元气、耗阴血。
徐之才说：黄芩为其使药，无所畏忌。
李权说：忌冷水，恶干漆。
【主治】下瘀血血闭，寒热，破症瘕积聚，留饮宿食，荡涤肠胃，推陈致新，通利水谷，调中化食，安和五脏（《本经》）。平胃下气，除痰实，肠间结热，心腹胀满，女子寒血闭胀，小腹痛，诸老血留结（《别录》）。通女子经候，利水肿，利大小肠。贴热肿毒，小儿寒热时疾，烦热蚀脓（甄权）。通宣一切气，调血脉，利关节，泄壅滞水气，温瘴热疟（大明）。泻诸实热不通，除下焦湿热，消宿食，泻心下痞满（张元素）。下痢赤白，里急腹痛，小便淋沥，实热燥结，潮热谵语，黄疸诸火疮（李时珍）。
【发明】徐之才说：得芍药、黄芩、牡蛎、细辛、茯苓，治疗惊恚怒，心下悸气。得硝石、紫石英、桃仁，治疗女子血闭。
宗（陈承）说：张仲景治疗心气不足，吐血衄血，用泻心汤，用大黄、黄芩、黄连。有人说心气既然不足，却不用补心汤，反而用泻心汤为什么呢？回答说：如果心气独独不足，就不会吐衄了。这是邪热因不足而客居，所以导致吐衄。用苦味泄其热，用苦味补其心，一举两得。有这种证候的，使用无不有效，只在于衡量虚实而已。
朱震亨说：大黄苦寒善泄，张仲景用它治泻心汤，正是因为少阴经不足，本经之阳亢盛无辅佐，导致阴血妄行飞越。所以用大黄泻去亢盛之火，使之平和，则血归经而自安。心的阴气不足，不是一天了，肺与肝都受火邪而发病。所以黄芩救肺，黄连救肝。肺是阴之主，肝是心之母、血的合脏。肝肺之火既退，则阴血恢复旧观。寇氏不明说而说邪热客居，怎么能阐明张仲景的本意而开悟后人呢？
李时珍说：大黄是足太阴、手足阳明、手足厥阴五经血分的药。凡是病在五经血分的，适宜使用。如果在气分使用，这叫诛伐无过。泻心汤治疗心气不足吐血衄血，乃是真心之气不足，而手厥阴心包络、足厥阴肝、足太阴脾、足阳明胃的邪火有余。虽然叫泻心，实际上是泻这四经血中的伏火。另外张仲景治疗心下痞满、按之软的，用大黄黄连泻心汤主之。这也是泻脾胃的湿热，不是泻心。病发于阴而反用下法，则成痞满，这是寒伤营血，邪气乘虚结于上焦。胃的上脘位于心，所以说泻心，实际上是泻脾。《素问》说：太阴所至为痞满。又说：浊气在上，则生胀满，就是这样。病发于阳而反用下法，则成结胸，这是热邪陷入血分，也在上脘分野。张仲景大陷胸汤丸都用大黄，也是泻脾胃血分之邪，而降其浊气。如果结胸在气分，则只用小陷胸汤；痞满在气分，则用半夏泻心汤了。成无己注释《伤寒论》，也不知道分别这个意义。
成无己说：热淫所胜，用苦味泄之。大黄的苦味，用来荡涤瘀热，下燥结而泄胃强。
苏颂说：本草称大黄推陈致新，效果最神奇，所以古方下积滞多用它，张仲景治伤寒用处尤其多。古人用毒药攻病，必定随人的虚实寒热而处置，不是一切轻用。梁武帝因发热想服大黄。姚僧坦说：大黄，乃是快药，至尊年高，不可轻用。帝不听，几乎至委顿。梁元帝常有心腹疾。众医都说宜用平药，可渐宣通。僧坦说：脉洪而实，这是有宿妨，非用大黄无痊愈道理。帝听从，于是痊愈。由此而言，今医用一味毒药攻众病，偶然中病，便说此方神奇；如果差误，则不说用药之失，可不戒慎吗？
【附方】旧方十三，新方四十二。
吐血衄血，治疗心气不足，吐血衄血者，泻心汤主之：大黄二两，黄连、黄芩各一两，水三升，煮取一升，热服取利。（张仲景《金匮玉函》）
吐血刺痛：川大黄一两，研为散。每服一钱，用生地黄汁一合，水半盏，煎三、五沸，不拘时候服。
伤寒痞满，病发于阴，而反下之，心下满而不痛，按之濡，此为痞也，大黄黄连泻心汤主之：大黄二两，黄连一两，用麻沸汤二升渍之，须臾绞汁，分作二次温服。（仲景《伤寒论》）
热病谵狂：川大黄五两，锉，炒微赤，研为散。用腊雪水五升，煎如膏。每服半匙，冷水送下。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒发黄：方同上。气壮者，大黄一两。水二升，渍一宿，平旦煎汁一升，入芒硝一两，缓服，须臾当利下。（《伤寒类要》）
腰脚风气作痛：大黄二两，切如棋子，和少许酥炒干，勿令焦，捣筛。每用二钱，空腹用水三大合，入姜三片，煎十余沸，取汤调服。当下冷脓恶物，痛即止。（崔元亮《海上方》）
一切壅滞：《经验后方》：治风热积壅，化痰涎，治痞闷消食，化气导血：用大黄四两，牵牛子（半炒半生）四两，为末，炼蜜丸如梧子大。每服十丸，白汤送下，并不损人。如果要微利，加一、二十丸。《卫生宝鉴》：用皂荚熬膏和丸，名坠痰丸，又名全真丸。金宣宗服之有效，赐名保安丸。
痰为百病之源：滚痰丸：治痰为百病，惟水泻、胎前产后不可服用：大黄（酒浸，蒸熟切晒）八两，生黄芩八两，沉香半两，青礞石二两。
用焰硝二两，同入砂罐固济，煅红研末二两。上各取末，以水和丸梧子大。常服一、二十丸，小病五、六十丸，缓病七、八十丸，急病一百二十丸，温水吞下，即卧勿动，候药逐上焦痰滞。次日先下糟粕，次下痰涎，未下再服。王隐君岁合四十余斤，愈疾数万也。（《养生主论》）
男女诸病：无极丸：治妇人经血不通，赤白带下，崩漏不止，肠风下血，五淋，产后积血，症瘕腹痛，男子五劳七伤，小儿骨蒸潮热等证，其效甚速。
分作四分：一分用童尿一碗，食盐二钱，浸一日，切晒；一分用醇酒一碗，浸一日，切晒，再以巴豆仁三十五粒同炒，豆黄，去豆不用；一分用红花四两，泡水一碗，浸一日，切晒；一分用当归四两，入淡醋一碗，同浸一日，去归，切晒。为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每服五十丸，空腹温酒下。取下恶物为验；未下再服。此武当高士孙碧云方也。（《医林集要》）
心腹诸疾：三物备急丸：治心腹诸疾，卒暴百病：用大黄、巴豆、干姜各一两。捣筛，蜜和捣一千杵，丸小豆大，每服三丸。凡中恶客忤，心腹胀满，痛如刀刺者，以暖水或酒服之，或灌之。未知更服三丸，腹中鸣转，当吐下便愈。若口已噤者，折齿灌之，入喉即瘥。此乃仲景方，司空裴秀改为散用，不及丸也。（《图经本草》）
腹中痞块：大黄十两为散，醋三升，蜜两匙和煎，丸梧子大。每服三十丸，生姜汤下，吐利为度。（《外台秘要》）
腹胁积块：风化石（灰末）半斤，瓦器炒极热，稍冷，入大黄（末）一两炒热，入桂心（末）半两略炒，下米醋搅成膏，摊布贴之。又方：大黄二两，朴硝一两，为末，以大蒜同捣膏和贴之。或加阿魏一两，尤妙。（《丹溪心法》）
久患积聚，二便不利，气上抢心，腹中胀满，害食：大黄、白芍各二两。为末，水丸梧子大。每汤下四十丸，日三，以知为度。（《千金方》）
脾癖疳积，不拘大人小儿：锦纹大黄三两为末，醋一盏，沙锅内容武火熬成膏，倾瓦上，日晒夜露三日，再研。用舶上硫黄一两（形如琥珀者），官粉一两，同研匀。十岁以下小儿半钱，大人一钱半，米饮下。忌一切生冷、鱼肉，只食白粥半月。如一服不愈，半月之后再服。若不忌口，不如勿服。（《圣济总录》）
小儿无辜闪癖瘰疬，或头干黄耸，或乍痢乍瘥，诸状多者，大黄煎主之：大黄九两（锦纹新实者，若微朽即不中用），削去皮，捣筛为散。以好米醋三升，和置瓦碗中，于大铛内浮汤上，炭火慢煮，候至成膏，可丸，乃贮器中。三岁儿一服七丸，梧子大，日再服，以下出青赤脓为度。若不下，或下少，稍稍加丸。若下多，又须减之。病重者七、八剂方尽根。大人亦可用之。此药惟下宿脓，不令儿利也。须禁食毒物，乳母亦禁之。一加木香一两半。（崔知悌方）
小儿诸热：大黄（煨熟）、黄芩各一两，为末，炼蜜丸麻子大。每服五丸至十丸，蜜汤下。加黄连，名三黄丸。（《钱氏小儿方》）
骨蒸积热，渐渐黄瘦：大黄四分，以童子小便五、六合，煎取四合，去滓。空腹分为二服，如人行五里，再服。（《广利方》）
赤白浊淋：好大黄为末。每服六分，以鸡子一个，破顶入药，搅匀蒸熟，空腹食之。不过三服愈。（《简便方》）
相火秘结：大黄（末）一两，牵牛头（末）半两，每服三钱。
有厥冷者，酒服；无厥冷，五心烦，蜜汤服。（刘河间《保命集》）
诸痢初起：大黄（煨熟）、当归各二、三钱（壮人各一两）。水煎服，取利。或加槟榔。（《集简方》）
热痢里急：大黄一两。浸酒半日，煎服取利。（《集简方》）
忽喘闷绝，不能语言，涎流吐逆，牙齿动摇，气出转大，绝而复苏，名伤寒并热霍乱：大黄...
食已即吐，胸中有火也：大黄一两，甘草二钱半，水一升，煮半升，温服。（仲景《金匮玉函方》）
(From "Bencao Tujing")
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Song said: It grows in the suburbs of Yizhou. The stems and leaves resemble those of Mentha haplocalyx (Bohe, 薄荷). Also known as Ban Zhang (斑杖), and also known as Jie Gu (接骨).
Shizhen said: Ban Zhang has the same name as Polygonum cuspidatum (Huzhang, 虎杖); Jie Gu has the same name as Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Shuodiao, 蒴藋). I do not know if they are of the same category?
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[ Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Resolves wind-heat pathogenic factors, treats restlessness, thirst, mania, and agitation. Crushed to extract juice and taken orally, it is very effective (Su Song).
(From "Bencao Tujing")
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Song said: It grows in Yunzhou, mostly near water. Sprouts emerge in spring, stems are green, leaves resemble Salix babylonica (Liuye, 柳叶), and there are no flowers. Local people harvest it in July and August.
Used alone, not combined with other herbs in compound prescriptions.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Pediatric wind-heat causing erysipelas (Dan Du, 丹毒). Decocted together with Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao, 甘草) for drinking (Su Song).
Category 47 of Poisonous Herbs
(From "Shennong Bencao Jing", Lower Grade)
[Shi Ming (Explanation of Names)] Huang Liang (from "Bencao Jing"), Jiang Jun (Li Dangzhi), Huo Shen (Wu Pu), Fu Ru (Wu Pu).
Hongjing said: Da Huang (Rhubarb Radix et Rhizoma) is named after its color. The title "General" should be taken to mean swift and rapid action.
Gao said: Pushing out the old and bringing forth the new is like quelling chaos to achieve peace; hence the title "General".
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] "Bielu" says: Da Huang grows in the valleys of Hexi and Longxi. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried over fire.
Pu said: It grows in northern Shu Commandery or Longxi. In February, it emerges curled yellow-red; leaves are opposite in fours; stems are about three chi high. Flowers are yellow in March, fruits are black in May, and roots are harvested in August. The root contains yellow juice; sliced and dried in the shade.
Hongjing said: Currently, Da Huang from Wenshan and western mountains in northern Yizhou is collected. Although not from Hexi or Longxi, the best quality still shows a purple ground with brocade patterns, tastes very bitter and astringent, and appears dark black. Shade-dried Da Huang from Western Sichuan is superior. Sun-dried Da Huang from the north, or fire-dried ones, have slightly scorched skins and are inferior, though they resist insect damage and can be stored for a long time. This medicine is extremely potent and sharp; coarse pieces are unsuitable for use.
Gong said: Leaves, fruits, and stems resemble Rumex japonicus (Yangti, 羊蹄), but stems are six or seven chi high and brittle, taste sour and can be eaten raw, and leaves are rough, long, and dense. Fine roots also resemble old Rumex japonicus; large ones are bowl-sized, two chi long. Its nature is moist and prone to insect damage; fire-drying is best. When processing, heat stones until hot, place cross-cut inch-long pieces on them to roast, dry slightly for one day, then string and air-dry. Da Huang from Dangzhou, Liangzhou, Western Qiang, and Shu areas is excellent. Those from Youzhou and Bingzhou are gradually finer and less potent than those from Shu. Hongjing's statement that Shu is inferior to Longxi is erroneous.
Cangqi said: One must distinguish when using Da Huang. If seeking a mild, deep-acting herb to attack disease, use the tight, hard, tongue-shaped slices from Shu; if seeking rapid purgation to push out the old and clear heat, use the brocade-patterned Da Huang from Hexi.
Song said: It is now found in Sichuan, Hedong, and various prefectures in Shaanxi, with the brocade-patterned variety from Sichuan being the best. Next best are those from Qin and Longxi, called Tu Fan Da Huang.
Green leaves emerge in January, resembling Ricinus communis (Bima, 蓖麻), large ones fan-shaped. Roots resemble Colocasia esculenta (Yutou, 芋头), large ones bowl-sized, one to two chi long. Fine roots resemble Arctium lappa (Niubang, 牛蒡), small ones also like taro. Yellow flowers bloom in April, some greenish-red resembling Fagopyrum esculentum (Qiaomai, 荞麦). Stems are green-purple, bamboo-like. Roots are harvested in February and August, black skin removed, cut into cross-sections, and fire-dried. Sichuan Da Huang is cut vertically into tongue shapes, called Niusheda Huang. Both have equal efficacy. Da Huang from Jianghuai is called Tu Da Huang, blooms in February, bears small seeds.
Shizhen said: Song Qi's "Yizhou Fangwu Tu" states that it grows abundantly in the great mountains of Shu, with red stems and large leaves, roots as large as bowls, used as pillows in medicine markets, showing purple ground with brocade patterns. Nowadays, the variety from Zhuanglang is considered the best. Zhuanglang is the ancient Jingyuan Longxi area, consistent with "Bielu".
[Zheng Wu (Correction of Errors)] Song said: Dingzhou produces a type of Yangti Da Huang, very effective for treating scabies and itching. Initially, sprouts and leaves resemble Rumex japonicus; after years of growth, leaves become narrow and pointed like Phytolacca acinosa (Shanglu, 商陆). In April, spikes emerge; five to seven stalks combine, flowers and leaves are the same color. Fruits resemble Fagopyrum esculentum but are lighter and smaller, turning yellow in May, called Jin Qiaomai (Golden Buckwheat). Sprouts harvested in March, fruits in May, shade-dried. Roots harvested in September, broken open also show brocade patterns. Also called Tu Da Huang.
Shizhen said: Song's description refers to old Rumex japonicus roots. Because it resembles Da Huang, it is called Yangti Da Huang, but it is actually not of the same category. Another type, Acetosa, is the wild Da Huang. It resembles Rumex japonicus but grows on mountains; the so-called Tu Da Huang likely refers to this, not Rumex japonicus. Both are discussed in their respective entries.
Root
[Xiu Zhi (Processing)] Lei said: When using, slice finely. Select pieces with tight, heavy textures resembling water swirl patterns, cut into slices, steam from Si hour to Wei hour, sun-dry, sprinkle with wax water, steam again from Wei hour to Hai hour. Repeat this seven times. Sun-dry, then sprinkle with light honey water and steam for one fu period. The resulting Da Huang will resemble black paste, then sun-dry for use.
Cangqi said: Da Huang can be steamed, used raw, or cooked; they must not be used indiscriminately.
Cheng said: Da Huang is harvested and sold fire-dried using hot stones; there are no raw ones. Processing such as steaming and boiling is unnecessary.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. "Bielu" says: Greatly cold. Pu said: Shennong and Leigong considered it bitter and toxic; Bianque considered it bitter and non-toxic; Li Dangzhi considered it slightly cold.
Yuansu said: Flavor bitter, qi cold, both flavor and qi are concentrated, sinking and descending, belonging to Yin. When used, it must be soaked in wine and roasted熟 (cooked). Cold is used with heat. Wine soaking enters the Taiyang channel; wine washing enters the Yangming channel; other channels do not use wine.
Guo said: Da Huang is bitter and harshly purges downward; when used for lower body conditions, it must be used raw. If pathogens are in the upper body, without wine they cannot reach; thus, wine soaking is necessary to guide it to the highest parts, driving heat downward. Like shooting an object at a high peak. If used raw, it will miss the heat pathogens at the highest levels, leading to post-recovery symptoms such as red eyes, throat obstruction, head swelling, or upper diaphragm heat diseases.
Shizhen said: For diseases in the Qi level, stomach cold, blood deficiency, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, do not use lightly. Its bitter-cold nature damages Yuan Qi and consumes Yin blood.
Zhicai said: Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin, 黄芩) acts as its assistant; there are no taboos.
Quan said: Avoid cold water; detests Dried Lacquer (Ganqi, 干漆).
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Purges blood stasis and blood closure, treats chills and fever, breaks masses and accumulations, removes retained fluids and old food, cleanses the intestines and stomach, pushes out the old and brings forth the new, promotes the passage of water and grain, regulates the middle, transforms food, and harmonizes the five zang organs ("Bencao Jing"). Calms the stomach, directs qi downward, eliminates phlegm-solidity, clears inter-intestinal heat, relieves heart and abdominal fullness, treats female cold-blood closure and distension, lower abdominal pain, and various old blood stagnations ("Bielu"). Regulates menstruation in women, promotes urination for edema, benefits large and small intestines. Applied externally for hot swellings and toxins, treats pediatric chills/fever and epidemic diseases, restlessness, heat, and pus erosion (Zhen Quan). Unblocks all qi, regulates blood vessels, benefits joints, drains stagnant water and qi, treats warm miasma and hot malaria (Daming). Purges excess heat and blockages, clears damp-heat in the lower jiao, eliminates old food, drains epigastric fullness (Yuansu). Treats dysentery with red and white discharge, tenesmus and abdominal pain, dribbling urination, excess heat and dry constipation, tidal fever and delirium, jaundice, and various fire sores (Shizhen).
[Fa Ming (Elucidation of Meaning)] Zhicai said: Combined with Paeonia lactiflora (Shaoyao, 芍药), Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin, 黄芩), Oyster Shell (Muli, 牡蛎), Asarum (Xixin, 细辛), and Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), it treats fright, anger, and palpitations in the heart region. Combined with Niter (Xiaoshi, 硝石), Purple Quartz (Zhi Shiy ing, 紫石英), and Peach Kernel (Taoren, 桃仁), it treats female blood closure.
Zong said: Zhang Zhongjing treated insufficient Heart Qi causing hematemesis and epistaxis using Xiexin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction), comprising Da Huang, Huangqin, and Huanglian. Some ask: If Heart Qi is insufficient, why not use a Heart-tonifying decoction, but instead use Xiexin Tang? The answer is: If only Heart Qi were insufficient, there would be no bleeding. This is due to pathogenic heat lodging because of insufficiency, causing bleeding. Bitter flavors drain the heat and tonify the Heart; this achieves two goals with one move. For those with this syndrome, it is invariably effective, provided one assesses deficiency and excess.
Zhenheng said: Da Huang is bitter, cold, and good at draining. Zhang Zhongjing used it in Xiexin Tang precisely because the Shaoyin channel was insufficient, allowing excessive Yang without support, leading to reckless movement of Yin blood. Thus, Da Huang drains the excessive fire, restoring balance, so blood returns to its vessels and calms down. The insufficiency of Heart Yin has existed for days; the Lung and Liver are affected by fire, causing disease. Thus, Huangqin saves the Lung, and Huanglian saves the Liver. The Lung is the master of Yin; the Liver is the mother of the Heart and associated with Blood. Once Liver and Lung fires recede, Yin blood returns to normal. Kou Shi did not explain clearly but spoke of lodged pathogenic heat; how does this clarify Zhang Zhongjing's intent and enlighten future generations?
Shizhen said: Da Huang is a herb for the Blood level of the Foot-Taiyin, Hand-Yangming, Foot-Yangming, Hand-Jueyin, and Foot-Jueyin channels. It is suitable for diseases in the Blood level of these five channels. Using it in the Qi level is punishing the innocent. Xiexin Tang treats hematemesis and epistaxis due to insufficient Heart Qi; this is true insufficiency of Heart Qi, while there is excess evil fire in the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium, Foot-Jueyin Liver, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, and Foot-Yangming Stomach. Although called "Draining the Heart," it actually drains latent fire in the blood of these four channels. Furthermore, Zhang Zhongjing treated epigastric fullness that is soft upon pressure with Da Huang and Huanglian Xiexin Tang. This also drains damp-heat from the Spleen and Stomach, not the Heart. If a disease originates in Yin and is wrongly purged, it becomes fullness (Pi Man), caused by cold damaging Ying-Blood, with pathogens lodging in the Upper Jiao due to deficiency. The upper part of the Stomach corresponds to the Heart, hence "Draining the Heart," but it actually drains the Spleen. "Suwen" states: "What arrives at Taiyin is fullness." And: "Turbid qi in the upper generates distension." This is correct. If a disease originates in Yang and is wrongly purged, it becomes chest binding (Jie Xiong), where heat pathogens sink into the Blood level, also in the Upper Epigastrium region. Zhang Zhongjing's Da Xianxiong Tang and Wan both use Da Huang to drain pathogens in the Spleen-Stomach Blood level and descend turbid qi. If chest binding is in the Qi level, only Xiao Xianxiong Tang is used; if fullness is in the Qi level, Banxia Xiexin Tang is used. Cheng Wuji, in annotating "Shanghan Lun," failed to distinguish this meaning.
Wuji said: When heat dominates excessively, use bitter flavors to drain it. Da Huang's bitterness drains stasis-heat, descends dryness accumulation, and drains strong Stomach heat.
Song said: Materia Medica states Da Huang pushes out the old and brings forth the new, with miraculous efficacy; thus, ancient formulas often used it for accumulating stagnation, and Zhang Zhongjing used it especially frequently for Shanghan (Cold Damage). Ancients used toxic medicines to attack disease according to individual deficiency/excess and cold/heat, never using them lightly. Emperor Wu of Liang wanted to take Da Huang for fever. Yaoengt Tan said: Da Huang is a drastic medicine; Your Majesty is advanced in age and should not use it lightly. The Emperor did not listen and nearly became prostrate. Emperor Yuan of Liang often had heart-abdominal ailments. Physicians all suggested mild medicines for gradual unblocking. Tan said: The pulse is surging and solid; this indicates old obstruction; only Da Huang can cure it. The Emperor agreed and recovered. Thus, modern physicians use one toxic medicine for many diseases; if it accidentally works, they call the formula magical; if it fails, they do not admit error. Can we not be cautious?
[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] Thirteen old, forty-two new.
Hematemesis and epistaxis, treating insufficient Heart Qi causing hematemesis and epistaxis, Xiexin Tang is primary: Da Huang 2 liang, Huanglian and Huangqin each 1 liang. Water 3 sheng, boil to 1 sheng, take hot to induce bowel movement. (Zhang Zhongjing "Jingui Yufang")
Hematemesis with stabbing pain: Chuan Da Huang 1 liang, powdered. Take 1 qian per dose, with 1 he of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa (Sheng Dihuang, 生地黄) juice and half zan of water, boil 3-5 times, take anytime.
Shanghan fullness, disease originating in Yin, wrongly purged, epigastric fullness without pain, soft upon pressure, this is Pi (fullness), Da Huang Huanglian Xiexin Tang is primary: Da Huang 2 liang, Huanglian 1 liang. Soak in 2 sheng of boiling hemp tea water, squeeze juice shortly, divide into two doses, take warm. (Zhongjing "Shanghan Lun")
Heat disease delirium and mania: Chuan Da Huang 5 liang, chopped, stir-fried slightly red, powdered. Use 5 sheng of beeswax snow water, boil to paste. Take half spoonful, wash down with cold water. ("Shenghui Fang")
Shanghan jaundice: Same formula as above. For robust constitution, Da Huang 1 liang. Water 2 sheng, soak overnight, boil at dawn to 1 sheng, add Mangxiao 1 liang, take slowly, expect bowel movement shortly. ("Shanghan Leyao")
Wind-Qi pain in waist and feet: Da Huang 2 liang, cut like chess pieces, stir-fry dry with little su (butter/ghee), do not burn, powder. Take 2 qian, empty stomach, with 3 he of water, 3 slices of ginger, boil 10+ times, take soup. Expect expulsion of cold pus and foul matter, pain stops. (Cui Yuanliang "Haishang Fang")
All types of stagnation: "Jingyan Houfang": Treats wind-heat accumulation, transforms phlegm-saliva, treats fullness, aids digestion, moves qi and guides blood: Da Huang 4 liang, Qian Niu Zi (half stir-fried, half raw) 4 liang, powdered, refined honey pills like wu zi size. Take 10 pills, wash down with white soup, does not harm people. For slight purgation, add 10-20 pills. "Weisheng Baojian": Use Gleditsia sinensis (Zaojiao, 皂荚) paste mixed into pills, named Zhuidan Wan (Fall Phlegm Pill), also Quanzhen Wan. Emperor Xuanzong of Jin took it with effect, bestowed name Bao'an Wan.
Phlegm causes hundred diseases: Gun Tan Wan: Treats phlegm causing hundred diseases; contraindicated in watery diarrhea, pregnancy, and postpartum: Da Huang (wine-soaked, steamed, cut, dried) 8 liang, Raw Huangqin 8 liang, Chenxiang 0.5 liang, Qing Mengshi 2 liang.
With Yanxiao 2 liang, put in clay pot, seal well, calcine red, powder 2 liang. Take powders of each, mix with water, pill like wu zi size. Regular dose 10-20 pills, minor illness 50-60 pills, chronic illness 70-80 pills, acute illness 120 pills, swallow with warm water, lie down still, wait for medicine to drive upper jiao phlegm stagnation. Next day, first expel feces, then phlegm-saliva; if not expelled, take again. Wang Yinjun compounded over 40 jin yearly, cured tens of thousands. ("Yangsheng Zhu Lun")
Men and women various diseases: Wuji Wan: Treats female menstrual obstruction, red/white leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, intestinal wind bleeding, five stranguries, postpartum blood stasis, mass abdominal pain, male five labors and seven injuries, pediatric bone-steaming tidal fever, etc., very fast effect.
Divide into four parts: One part soak in one bowl of virgin urine, 2 qian salt, one day, cut and dry; one part soak in one bowl of pure wine, one day, cut and dry, then stir-fry with 35 Ba Dou Ren (Castor Seed Kernels), when beans turn yellow, remove beans; one part soak 4 liang Honghua (Carthamus tinctorius) in one bowl water, one day, cut and dry; one part soak 4 liang Danggui (Angelica sinensis) in one bowl light vinegar, one day, remove Danggui, cut and dry. Powder, refined honey pills like wu zi size. Take 50 pills, empty stomach, wash down with warm wine. Expulsion of foul matter is sign of efficacy; if not, take again. This is the formula of Sun Biyun, high scholar of Wudang. ("Yilin Ji Yao")
Heart and abdomen various diseases: Sanwu Beiji Wan: Treats heart/abdomen diseases, sudden acute illnesses: Da Huang, Ba Dou, Ganjiang each 1 liang. Powder, mix with honey, pound 1000 times, pill like adzuki bean size, take 3 pills. For evil invasion, heart/abdomen fullness, pain like knife thrust, take with warm water or wine, or enema. If unsure, take 3 more pills, bowel sounds turn, expect vomiting/diarrhea and recovery. If mouth locked, break teeth and pour in, enters throat and heals. This is Zhongjing's formula; Sikong Pei Xiu changed to powder, inferior to pills. ("Tujing Bencao")
Abdominal masses: Da Huang 10 liang powder, 3 sheng vinegar, 2 spoons honey, boil together, pill like wu zi size. Take 30 pills, wash down with ginger soup, stop when vomiting/diarrhea occurs. ("Waitai Miyao")
Abdominal/flank masses: Feng Hua Shi (ash powder) 0.5 jin, stir-fry in pottery vessel until very hot, cool slightly, add Da Huang powder 1 liang, stir-fry hot, add Guixin powder 0.5 liang, stir-fry slightly, add rice vinegar, stir to paste, spread on cloth and apply. Another formula: Da Huang 2 liang, Puxiao 1 liang, powder, crush with garlic to paste and apply. Or add Awei 1 liang, especially good. ("Danxi Xinfa")
Long-standing accumulations, difficulty in urination/defecation, qi rushing to heart, abdominal fullness, impaired digestion: Da Huang, Baishao each 2 liang. Powder, water pills like wu zi size. Take 40 pills with soup, 3 times daily, stop when effective. ("Qianjin Fang")
Splee pib pi and infantile malnutrition, adults or children: Jinwen Da Huang 3 liang powder, 1 zan vinegar, simmer in clay pot over strong fire to paste, pour on tile, sun-day dew-night for 3 days, re-powder. Use Boshang Liuhuang (shipborne sulfur, amber-like) 1 liang, Guanfen 1 liang, grind together. Children under 10: half qian; adults: 1.5 qian, wash down with rice drink. Avoid all cold/raw, fish/meat; eat only white porridge for half month. If one dose ineffective, repeat after half month. If not avoiding diet, better not take. ("Shengji Zonglu")
Pediatric innocent flash mass/scrofula, or dry yellow hair standing up, or intermittent dysentery/recovery, many symptoms: Da Huang Jian is primary: Da Huang 9 liang (fresh solid Jinwen, if slightly rotten unsuitable), peel, powder. Mix with 3 sheng good rice vinegar, place in clay bowl, float in large pot of boiling water, slow charcoal fire boil until paste, pillable, store in vessel. 3-year-old child: 7 pills, wu zi size, twice daily, stop when green/red pus expelled. If not expelled or little, increase slightly. If too much, reduce. Severe cases need 7-8 doses to root out. Adults can also use. This medicine only expels old pus, does not cause diarrhea. Must avoid toxic foods, nursing mothers also avoid. Add Muxiang 1.5 liang. (Cui Zhiti Formula)
Pediatric various heats: Da Huang (roasted), Huangqin each 1 liang, powder, refined honey pills like sesame size. Take 5-10 pills, wash down with honey water. Add Huanglian, name Sanhuang Wan. ("Qianshi Xiaofang")
Bone-steaming accumulated heat, gradually yellow/thin: Da Huang 4 fen, with 5-6 he of virgin boy's urine, boil to 4 he, strain. Empty stomach, divide into 2 doses, take again after walking 5 li. ("Guangli Fang")
Red/white turbid strangury: Good Da Huang powder. Take 6 fen per dose, with one egg, break top, insert medicine, mix, steam熟, eat empty stomach. Not more than 3 doses to cure. ("Jianbian Fang")
Ministerial fire constipation: Da Huang powder 1 liang, Qian Niu Tou powder 0.5 liang, take 3 qian per dose.
For those with cold limbs, wash down with wine; for those without cold limbs but five-center heat, wash down with honey water. (Liu Hejian "Baoming Ji")
Initial onset of all dysenteries: Da Huang (roasted), Danggui each 2-3 qian (robust persons 1 liang each). Decoct in water, take to induce bowel movement. Or add Binglang. ("Jijian Fang")
Hot dysentery with tenesmus: Da Huang 1 liang. Soak in wine half day, decoct, take to induce bowel movement. ("Jijian Fang")
Sudden asthma/choking, unable to speak, saliva flow/vomiting, loose teeth, breath turns large, faints and revives, named Shanghan combined with Hot Huoluan: Da Huang...
Vomiting immediately after eating, fire in chest: Da Huang 1 liang, Gancao 2.5 qian, water 1 sheng, boil to half sheng, take warm. (Zhongjing "Jingui Yufang Fang")