（《别录》中品）
【校正】原附干姜下，今分出。今自草部移入此。
【释名】时珍曰∶按∶许慎《说文》∶姜作KT ，云御湿之菜也。王安石《字说》云∶
姜能强御百邪，故谓之姜。初生嫩者，其尖微紫，名紫姜，或作子姜；宿根
谓之母姜也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶生姜，干姜生犍为川谷及荆州、扬州。九月采之。
颂曰∶处处有之，以汉、温、池州者为良。苗高二、三尺。叶似箭竹叶而长，两两相对
。苗青根黄。无花实。秋时采根。
时珍曰∶姜宜原隰沙地。四月取母姜种之。五月生苗如初生嫩芦，而叶稍阔似竹叶，对
生，叶亦辛香。秋社前后新芽顿长，如列指状，采食无筋，谓之子姜。秋分后者次之，霜后
则老矣。性恶湿洳而畏日，故秋热则无姜。《吕氏春秋》云∶和之美者，有杨朴之姜。杨朴
地名，在西蜀。《春秋运斗枢》云∶璇星散而为姜。
【气味】辛，微温，无毒。
藏器曰∶生姜温，要热则去皮，要冷则留皮。
元素曰∶辛而甘温，气味俱浓，浮而升，阳也。
之才曰∶秦椒为之使。杀半夏、莨菪毒。恶黄芩、黄连、天鼠粪。
弘景曰∶久服少志少智，伤心气。今人啖辛辣物，惟此最常。故《论语》云∶每食不撤
姜。言可常食，但不可多尔。有病者是所宜矣。
恭曰∶《本经》言姜久服通神明，主痰气，即可常啖。陶氏谬为此说，检无所据。
思邈曰∶八、九月多食姜，至春多患眼，损寿减筋力。孕妇食之，令儿盈指。
杲曰∶古人言∶秋不食姜，令人泻气。盖夏月火旺，宜汗散之，故食姜不禁。辛走气泻
肺，故秋月则禁之。《晦庵语录》亦有秋姜夭人天年之语。
时珍曰∶食姜久，积热患目，珍屡试有准。凡病痔人多食兼酒，立发甚速。痈疮人多食
，则生恶肉。此皆昔人所未言者也。《相感志》云∶糟姜瓶内入蝉蜕，虽老姜无筋，亦物性
有所伏耶？
【主治】久服去臭气，通神明（《本经》）。归五脏，除风邪寒热，伤寒头痛鼻塞，咳逆
上气，止呕吐，去痰下气（《别录》）。去水气满，疗咳嗽时疾。和半夏，主心下急痛。又汁
和杏仁作煎，下一切结气实，心胸拥隔冷热气，神效。捣汁和蜜服，治中热呕逆不能下食（甄
权）。散烦闷，开胃气。汁作煎服，下一切结实，冲胸膈恶气，神验（孟诜）。破血调中，去
冷气。汁，解药毒（藏器）。除壮热，治痰喘胀满，冷痢腹痛，转筋心满，去胸中臭气、狐
臭，杀腹内长虫（张鼎）。益脾胃，散风寒（元素）。解菌蕈诸物毒（吴瑞）。生用发散，熟
用和中。解食野禽中毒成喉痹。浸汁，点赤眼。捣汁和黄明胶熬，贴风湿痛甚妙（时珍）。
干生姜
【主治】治嗽温中，治胀满，霍乱不止，腹痛，冷痢，血闭。病患虚而冷，宜加之（甄
权）。姜屑，和酒服，治偏风（孟诜）。肺经气分之药，能益肺（好古）。
【发明】成无己曰∶姜、枣味辛、甘，专行脾之津液而和营卫。药中用之，不独专于发
散也。
杲曰∶生姜之用有四∶制半夏、浓朴之毒，一也；发散风寒，二也；与枣同用，辛温益
脾胃元气，温中去湿，三也；与芍药同用，温经散寒，四也。孙真人云∶姜为呕家圣药，盖
辛以散之。呕乃气逆不散，此药行阳而散气也。或问∶生姜辛温入肺，何以云入胃口？曰∶
俗以心下为胃口者，非矣。咽门之下，受有形之物，乃胃之系，便是胃口，与肺系同行，故
能入肺而开胃口也。曰∶人云夜间勿食生姜，令人闭气，何也？曰∶生姜辛温主开发。夜则
气本收敛，反开发之，则违天道矣。若有病患，则不然也。生姜屑，比之干姜则不热，比之
生姜则不湿。以干生姜代干姜者，以其不僭故也。俗言上床萝卜下床姜。姜能开胃，萝卜消
食也。
时珍曰∶姜，辛而不荤，去邪辟恶，生啖熟食，醋、酱、糟、盐、蜜煎调和，无不宜之
。可蔬可和，可果可药，其利博矣。凡早行山行，宜含一块，不犯雾露清湿之气，及山岚不
正之邪。案∶方广《心法附余》云∶凡中风、中暑、中气、中毒、中恶、干霍乱、一切卒暴
之病，用姜汁与童尿服，立可解散。盖姜能开痰下气，童尿降火也。
颂曰∶崔元亮《集验方》载∶敕赐姜茶治痢方∶以生姜切细，和好茶一、两碗，任意呷
之，便瘥。若是热痢，留姜皮；冷痢，去皮，大妙。
杨士瀛曰∶姜能助阳，茶能助阴，二物皆消散恶气，调和阴阳，且解湿热及酒食暑气之
毒，不问赤、白通宜用之。苏东坡治文潞公有效。
【附方】旧二十，新三十。
痰 卒风∶生姜二两，附子（生用）一两，水五升，煮取二升，分再服。忌猪肉、冷水。
（《千金》）。
胃虚风热不能食∶用姜汁半杯，生地黄汁少许，蜜一匙，水二合，和服之。（《食疗本草》）。
疟疾寒热，脾胃聚痰，发为寒热∶生姜四两，捣自然汁一酒杯，露一夜。于发日五更面
北立，饮即止。未止再服。（《易简》）。
寒热痰嗽初起者∶烧姜一块，含咽之。（《本草衍义》）。
咳嗽不止∶生姜五两，饧半升。微火煎熟，食尽愈。段侍御用之有效。（孟诜《必效方》）
久患咳噫∶生姜汁半合，蜜一匙，煎熟，温呷三服愈。（《外台秘要方》）。
小儿咳嗽∶生姜四两，煎汤浴之。（《千金方》）。
暴逆气上∶嚼姜两、三片，屡效。（寇氏《衍义》）。
干呕厥逆∶频嚼生姜，呕家圣药也。（《千金》）。
呕吐不止∶生姜一两，醋浆七合。银器中煎取四合，连滓呷之。又杀腹内长虫。（《食
医心镜》）。
心痞呕哕，心下痞坚∶生姜八两（水三升，煮一升）。半夏五合（洗）（水五升，煮一升）。
二味同煮一升半，分再服。（《千金》）。
反胃羸弱《兵部手集》∶用母姜二斤。捣汁作粥食。《传信适用方》∶用生姜切片，麻油
煎过为末，软柿蘸末嚼咽。
霍乱欲死∶生姜五两，牛儿屎一升。水四升，煎二升，分再服，即止。（《梅师方》）。
霍乱转筋，入腹欲死∶生姜三两捣，酒一升，煮三、两沸服。仍以姜捣贴痛处。（《外
台秘要》）。
霍乱腹胀，不得吐下∶用生姜一斤，水七升，煮二升，分三服。（《肘后方》）。
腹中胀满，不能服药∶绵裹煨姜，纳下部。冷即易之。（《梅师》）。
胸胁满痛，凡心胸胁下有邪气结实，硬痛胀满者∶生姜一斤，捣渣留汁，慢炒待润，以
绢包于患处，款款熨之。冷再以汁炒再熨，良久豁然宽快也。（陶华《伤寒槌法》）。
大便不通∶生姜，削如小脂，长二寸，涂盐纳下部，立通。（《外台》）。
冷痢不止∶生姜煨研为末，共干姜末等分，以醋和面作馄饨，先以水煮，又以清饮煮过，
停冷，吞二七枚，以粥送下，日一度。（《食疗》）。
消渴饮水∶干生姜末一两，以鲫鱼胆汁和，丸梧子大。每服七丸，米饮下。（《圣惠》）。
湿热发黄∶生姜，时时周身擦之，其黄自退也。一方∶加茵陈蒿，尤妙。（《伤寒槌法》）。
暴赤眼肿∶宗 曰∶用古铜钱刮姜取汁，于钱唇点之，泪出。今日点，明日愈，勿疑。
一治暴风客热，目赤睛痛肿者。腊月取生姜捣绞汁，阴干取粉，入铜青末等分。每以少许沸
汤泡，澄清温洗，泪出妙。舌上生胎，诸病舌胎，以布染井水抹，后用姜片时时擦之，自去。
（陶华方）。
满口烂疮∶生姜自然汁，频频漱吐。亦可为末擦之，甚效。
牙齿疼痛∶老生姜瓦焙，入枯矾末同擦之。有人日夜呻吟，用之即愈。（《普济方》）。
喉痹毒瓦斯∶生姜二斤捣汁，蜜五合，煎匀。每服一合，日五服。（《千金》）。
食鸠中毒、食竹鸡毒、食鹧鸪毒∶方并见禽部本条。
中莴苣毒、中诸药毒、 犬伤人∶并饮生姜汁即解。（《短剧》）。
虎伤人疮∶内服生姜汁。外以汁洗之，用白矾末敷上。（《秘览》）。
蝮蛇螫人∶姜末敷之，干即易。（《千金》）。
蜘蛛咬人∶炮姜切片贴之，良。（《千金》）。
刀斧金疮∶生姜嚼敷，勿动。次日即生肉，甚妙。（《扶寿方》）。
闪拗手足∶生姜、葱白捣烂，和面炒热， 之。
跌扑伤损∶姜汁和酒，调生面贴之。
百虫入耳∶姜汁少许滴之。
腋下狐臭∶姜汁频涂，绝根。（《经验方》）。
赤白癜风∶生姜频擦之，良。（并《易简》）。
两耳冻疮∶生姜自然汁，熬膏涂。（《暇日记》）。
发背初起∶生姜一块，炭火炙一层，刮一层，为末，以猪胆汁调涂。（《海上方》）。
疔疮肿毒∶方见白芷下。
诸疮痔漏，久不结痂∶用生姜连皮切大片，涂白矾末，炙焦研细，贴之勿动，良。（《普
济》）。
产后血滞，冲心不下∶生姜五两，水八升，煮三升，分三服。（杨氏《产乳》）。
产后肉线∶一妇产后用力，垂出肉线长三、四尺，触之痛引心腹欲绝。一道人令买老姜
连皮三斤，捣烂，入麻油二斤拌匀炒干。先以熟绢五尺，折作方结。令人轻轻盛起肉线，使
之屈曲作三团，纳入产户。乃以绢袋盛姜，就近熏之，冷则更换。熏一日夜缩入大半，二日
尽入也。云此乃魏夫人秘传怪病方也。但不可使线断，断则不可治之矣。脉溢怪症∶有人毛
窍节次血出不止，皮胀如鼓，须臾目、鼻、口被气胀合，此名脉溢。生姜自然汁和水各半盏
服，即安。（夏子益《奇疾方》）。
姜皮
【气味】辛，凉，无毒。
【主治】消浮肿腹胀痞满，和脾胃，去翳（时珍）。
【附方】旧一。
拔白换黑∶刮老生姜皮一大升，于久用油腻锅内，不须洗刷，固济勿令通气。令精细人
守之，文武火煎之，不得火急，自旦至夕即成矣，研为末。拔白后，先以小物点麻子大入孔
中。或先点须下，然后拔之，以指捻入。三日后当生黑者，神效。李卿用之有验。（苏颂《图
经本草》）
叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】食 成症，捣汁饮，即消（张机）。
【附方】新一。
打伤瘀血∶姜叶一升，当归三两，为末。温酒服方寸匕，日三。（《范汪东阳方》）
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【校正】原附在干姜条目下，现将其分出。现在从草部移入此部。
【释名】李时珍说：查阅许慎的《说文解字》，姜写作“KT”（此处原文为异体字或通假，意指姜），说是抵御湿气的蔬菜。王安石的《字说》说：姜能够强力抵御各种邪气，所以称为姜。刚生出的嫩姜，尖端微紫，名叫紫姜，也写作子姜；越冬的根茎称为母姜。
【集解】《名医别录》说：生姜，生长在犍为川谷以及荆州、扬州地区。九月采收。
苏颂说：到处都有生长，以汉中、温州、池州出产的最好。苗高二三尺。叶子像箭竹叶一样长，两两相对生长。苗是青色的，根是黄色的。没有花和果实。秋天采收根茎。
李时珍说：姜适宜种植在原野低湿的沙地上。四月取母姜种植。五月生出幼苗像初生的嫩芦苇，但叶子稍宽像竹叶，对生，叶子也有辛辣香味。秋社日前后新芽突然生长，像排列的手指状，采收食用没有筋络，称为子姜。秋分以后采收的次之，霜降后就老了。姜性厌恶潮湿而畏惧烈日，所以秋季炎热时就没有姜。《吕氏春秋》说：美味之中，有杨朴地方的姜。杨朴是地名，在西蜀。《春秋运斗枢》说：璇星消散化为姜。
【气味】辛味，微温，无毒。
孟诜说：生姜性温，若要热性则去皮，若要凉性则留皮。
张元素说：辛而甘温，气味都很浓厚，药性浮而上升，属于阳。
李当之说：秦椒是它的引经药。能解除半夏、莨菪的毒性。厌恶黄芩、黄连、天鼠粪。
陶弘景说：长期服用会使人意志减退、智力降低，损伤心气。现在人吃辛辣食物，只有这个最普遍。所以《论语》说：每顿饭不撤除姜。意思是经常可以吃，只是不可以多吃罢了。生病的人适合食用。
甄权说：《神农本草经》说姜长期服用能通神明，主治痰气，就可以经常吃。陶弘景这种说法是错误的，检查没有依据。
孙思邈说：八、九月多吃姜，到了春天容易患眼病，折寿且减弱筋骨力量。孕妇吃了，会使孩子手指过多（多指畸形）。
王好古说：古人说：秋天不吃姜，让人泻气。因为夏天火旺，宜发汗散邪，所以吃姜不禁忌。辛味走气泄肺，所以秋天就禁食。《晦庵语录》也有秋姜夭折人天年的话。
李时珍说：吃姜久了，积热导致眼病，我多次试验很准确。凡是患有痔疮的人多吃姜并饮酒，立刻发作且迅速加重。痈疮病人多吃姜，就会长出恶肉。这些都是前人所未提及的。《相感志》说：糟姜瓶内放入蝉蜕，即使是老姜也没有筋，这也是物性相互制约吧？
【主治】长期服用能去除口臭，通神明（《神农本草经》）。归五脏，祛除风邪寒热，治疗伤寒引起的头痛鼻塞，咳逆上气，止呕吐，祛痰下气（《名医别录》）。去除水气胀满，治疗咳嗽时行疾病。与半夏配合，主治心下急痛。另外汁液与杏仁一起熬煎，能排出一切结气实证，心胸壅塞冷热之气，效果神奇。捣汁与蜜混合服用，治疗中热呕逆不能进食（甄权）。散发烦闷，开胃气。汁液熬成膏服用，排出一切结实，冲开胸膈恶气，效果灵验（孟诜）。破血调中，去除冷气。汁液，能解药物中毒（孟诜）。去除壮热，治疗痰喘胀满，冷痢腹痛，转筋心满，去除胸中臭气、狐臭，杀灭腹内长虫（张鼎）。益脾胃，散风寒（张元素）。解菌蕈等物毒（吴瑞）。生用发散，熟用和中。解食野禽中毒引起的喉痹。浸出汁液，点赤眼。捣汁与黄明胶一起熬制，贴敷风湿痛非常妙（李时珍）。
干生姜
【主治】治疗咳嗽温中，治疗胀满，霍乱不止，腹痛，冷痢，血闭。病患虚寒者，适宜加入（甄权）。姜屑，与酒同服，治疗偏风（孟诜）。肺经气分的药，能补益肺气（李杲）。
【发明】成无己说：姜、枣味辛、甘，专门运行脾的津液而调和营卫。药物中使用它们，不仅仅专注于发散。
李杲说：生姜的作用有四条：制约半夏、浓朴的毒性，这是一条；发散风寒，这是第二条；与枣同用，辛温益脾胃元气，温中去湿，这是第三条；与芍药同用，温经散寒，这是第四条。孙真人说：姜是呕吐家的圣药，因为辛味能发散它。呕吐是气逆不散，此药行阳而散气。有人问：生姜辛温入肺，为什么说入胃口？回答说：世俗认为心下是胃口，是不对的。咽门之下，接受有形之物，乃是胃的系带，就是胃口，与肺系同行，所以能入肺而开胃口。有人说：人们说晚上不要吃姜，让人闭气，为什么？回答说：生姜辛温主开发。夜间气本来收敛，反而开发它，就违背天道了。如果有病患，就不是这样了。生姜屑，比之干姜则不热，比之生姜则不湿。用干生姜代替干姜，是因为它不僭越（不过烈）。俗语说上床萝卜下床姜。姜能开胃，萝卜消食。
李时珍说：姜，辛而不荤，去邪辟恶，生吃熟食，醋、酱、糟、盐、蜜煎调和，无不适宜。可做蔬菜可调和，可做果品可做药物，其利益广泛。凡是早起赶路或山行，宜含一块，不犯雾露清湿之气，及山岚不正之邪。案：方广《心法附余》说：凡是中风、中暑、中气、中毒、中恶、干霍乱、一切猝然暴发的病，用姜汁与童尿服用，立刻可以解散。因为姜能开痰下气，童尿降火。
苏颂说：崔元亮《集验方》记载：敕赐姜茶治痢方：将生姜切细，和好茶一、两碗，随意饮用，病就好了。如果是热痢，留姜皮；冷痢，去皮，非常妙。
杨士瀛说：姜能助阳，茶能助阴，两物都能消散恶气，调和阴阳，且解湿热及酒食暑气之毒，不问赤白痢都适宜使用。苏东坡治疗文潞公有效。
【附方】旧方二十首，新方三十首。
痰厥卒风：生姜二两，附子（生用）一两，水五升，煮取二升，分两次服用。忌猪肉、冷水。（《千金方》）。
胃虚风热不能食：用姜汁半杯，生地黄汁少许，蜜一匙，水二合，混合服用。（《食疗本草》）。
疟疾寒热，脾胃聚痰，发为寒热：生姜四两，捣自然汁一杯，露置一夜。在发病日五更面向北站立，饮下即止。未止再服。（《易简方》）。
寒热痰嗽初起者：烧姜一块，含咽。（《本草衍义》）。
咳嗽不止：生姜五两，饴糖半升。微火煎熟，吃完痊愈。段侍御使用有效。（孟诜《必效方》）。
久患咳噫：生姜汁半合，蜜一匙，煎熟，温饮三次痊愈。（《外台秘要方》）。
小儿咳嗽：生姜四两，煎汤洗澡。（《千金方》）。
暴逆气上：嚼姜两三片，屡效。（寇宗奭《衍义》）。
干呕厥逆：频嚼生姜，是呕吐家的圣药。（《千金方》）。
呕吐不止：生姜一两，醋浆七合。银器中煎取四合，连渣慢慢喝下。又能杀腹内长虫。（《食医心镜》）。
心痞呕哕，心下痞坚：生姜八两（水三升，煮一升）。半夏五合（洗）（水五升，煮一升）。两味同煮一升半，分两次服用。（《千金方》）。
反胃羸弱《兵部手集》：用母姜二斤。捣汁作粥食。《传信适用方》：用生姜切片，麻油煎过为末，软柿蘸末嚼咽。
霍乱欲死：生姜五两，牛儿屎一升。水四升，煎二升，分两次服用，即止。（《梅师方》）。
霍乱转筋，入腹欲死：生姜三两捣碎，酒一升，煮两三沸服用。仍以姜捣碎贴痛处。（《外台秘要》）。
霍乱腹胀，不得吐下：用生姜一斤，水七升，煮二升，分三次服用。（《肘后方》）。
腹中胀满，不能服药：绵裹煨姜，纳入下部。冷即更换。（《梅师方》）。
胸胁满痛，凡心胸胁下有邪气结实，硬痛胀满者：生姜一斤，捣渣留汁，慢炒待润，以绢包于患处，缓缓熨烫。冷了再以汁炒再熨，良久豁然宽快。（陶华《伤寒槌法》）。
大便不通：生姜，削如小脂，长二寸，涂盐纳下部，立通。（《外台秘要》）。
冷痢不止：生姜煨研为末，共干姜末等分，以醋和面作馄饨，先以水煮，又以清饮煮过，停冷，吞十四枚，以粥送下，每日一次。（《食疗本草》）。
消渴饮水：干生姜末一两，以鲫鱼胆汁和，丸梧子大。每服七丸，米饮下。（《圣惠方》）。
湿热发黄：生姜，时时周身擦之，其黄自退也。一方：加茵陈蒿，尤妙。（《伤寒槌法》）。
暴赤眼肿：宗 曰：用古铜钱刮姜取汁，于钱唇点之，泪出。今日点，明日愈，勿疑。一治暴风客热，目赤睛痛肿者。腊月取生姜捣绞汁，阴干取粉，入铜青末等分。每以少许沸汤泡，澄清温洗，泪出妙。舌上生胎，诸病舌胎，以布染井水抹，后用姜片时时擦之，自去。（陶华方）。
满口烂疮：生姜自然汁，频频漱吐。亦可为末擦之，甚效。
牙齿疼痛：老生姜瓦焙，入枯矾末同擦之。有人日夜呻吟，用之即愈。（《普济方》）。
喉痹毒瓦斯：生姜二斤捣汁，蜜五合，煎匀。每服一合，日五服。（《千金方》）。
食鸠中毒、食竹鸡毒、食鹧鸪毒：方并见禽部本条。
中莴苣毒、中诸药毒、犬伤人：并饮生姜汁即解。（《短剧方》）。
虎伤人疮：内服生姜汁。外以汁洗之，用白矾末敷上。（《秘览》）。
蝮蛇螫人：姜末敷之，干即易。（《千金方》）。
蜘蛛咬人：炮姜切片贴之，良。（《千金方》）。
刀斧金疮：生姜嚼敷，勿动。次日即生肉，甚妙。（《扶寿方》）。
闪拗手足：生姜、葱白捣烂，和面炒热，熨之。
跌扑伤损：姜汁和酒，调生面贴之。
百虫入耳：姜汁少许滴之。
腋下狐臭：姜汁频涂，绝根。（《经验方》）。
赤白癜风：生姜频擦之，良。（并《易简方》）。
两耳冻疮：生姜自然汁，熬膏涂。（《暇日记》）。
发背初起：生姜一块，炭火炙一层，刮一层，为末，以猪胆汁调涂。（《海上方》）。
疔疮肿毒：方见白芷下。
诸疮痔漏，久不结痂：用生姜连皮切大片，涂白矾末，炙焦研细，贴之勿动，良。（《普济方》）。
产后血滞，冲心不下：生姜五两，水八升，煮三升，分三次服用。（杨氏《产乳方》）。
产后肉线：一妇产后用力，垂出肉线长三、四尺，触之痛引心腹欲绝。一道人令买老姜连皮三斤，捣烂，入麻油二斤拌匀炒干。先以熟绢五尺，折作方结。令人轻轻盛起肉线，使之屈曲作三团，纳入产户。乃以绢袋盛姜，就近熏之，冷则更换。熏一日夜缩入大半，二日尽入也。云此乃魏夫人秘传怪病方也。但不可使线断，断则不可治之矣。脉溢怪症：有人毛窍节次血出不止，皮胀如鼓，须臾目、鼻、口被气胀合，此名脉溢。生姜自然汁和水各半盏服，即安。（夏子益《奇疾方》）。
姜皮
【气味】辛，凉，无毒。
【主治】消浮肿腹胀痞满，和脾胃，去翳（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方一首。
拔白换黑：刮老生姜皮一大升，于久用油腻锅内，不须洗刷，固济勿令通气。令精细人守之，文武火煎之，不得火急，自旦至夕即成矣，研为末。拔白后，先以小物点麻子大入孔中。或先点须下，然后拔之，以指捻入。三日后当生黑者，神效。李卿用之有验。（苏颂《图经本草》）。
叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】食生菜成症瘕，捣汁饮，即消（张机）。
【附方】新方一首。
打伤瘀血：姜叶一升，当归三两，为末。温酒服方寸匕，日三。（《范汪东阳方》）。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bie Lu*)
[Correction] Originally attached under the entry for Dried Ginger, it is now separated. It has been moved from the Grass Section to this section.
[Names] Li Shizhen says: According to Xu Shen's *Shuo Wen Jie Zi*, ginger (Jiang) is described as a vegetable that defends against dampness. Wang Anshi's *Zi Shuo* states: "Ginger can strongly resist all kinds of evil pathogens, hence it is called Jiang." The newly sprouted tender ginger, with slightly purple tips, is named Purple Ginger or Zi Jiang; the overwintering root stock is called Mother Ginger.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* states: Fresh Ginger grows in the valleys of Jianwei and in Jingzhou and Yangzhou regions. It is harvested in the ninth lunar month.
Su Song says: It grows everywhere, but those from Hanzhong, Wenzhou, and Chizhou are considered superior. The seedlings grow two to three chi high. The leaves resemble arrow-shaped bamboo leaves, long and growing in opposite pairs. The seedlings are green, while the roots are yellow. It produces no flowers or fruits. The roots are harvested in autumn.
Li Shizhen says: Ginger is suitable for planting in sandy soils of low-lying plains. In the fourth lunar month, Mother Ginger is used for planting. Seedlings emerge in the fifth lunar month, resembling young reeds, but with slightly broader, bamboo-like leaves growing oppositely, possessing a pungent aroma. Around the Autumn She festival, new buds grow rapidly, resembling arranged fingers; these are harvested for consumption as they have no fibers, known as Zi Jiang. Those harvested after the Autumn Equinox are inferior, and those after frost become tough. Ginger dislikes wetness and fears direct sunlight; thus, hot autumns yield poor ginger crops. *Lü Shi Chun Qiu* mentions: "Among delicacies, there is ginger from Yangpu." Yangpu is a place name in Western Shu. *Chun Qiu Yun Dou Shu* states: "The Xuan star disperses to become ginger."
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic.
Meng Shen says: Fresh Ginger is warm; remove the skin for greater heat, retain the skin for cooler properties.
Zhang Yuansu says: Pungent and sweet-warm, with strong aroma and flavor, floating and ascending, belonging to Yang.
Li Dangzhi says: Qin Pepper acts as its guiding herb. It neutralizes the toxicity of Banxia and Langdang. It clashes with Huangqin, Huanglian, and Tianshu Fen.
Tao Hongjing says: Long-term consumption reduces willpower and intelligence, damaging Heart Qi. Nowadays, people consume pungent foods most frequently using this herb. Thus, the *Analects* states: "One does not remove ginger from every meal." This implies it can be eaten regularly, but not in excess. It is suitable for those who are ill.
Zhen Quan says: *Ben Jing* states that long-term consumption of ginger clears the spirit and treats phlegm-qi, implying it can be eaten daily. Tao Hongjing's contrary statement is erroneous and lacks evidence.
Sun Simiao says: Excessive consumption in the eighth and ninth lunar months leads to eye diseases in spring, shortening lifespan and weakening sinews and strength. Pregnant women consuming it may give birth to children with polydactyly.
Wang Haogu says: Ancients said: "Do not eat ginger in autumn, as it drains Qi." Since Fire is prosperous in summer, sweating is appropriate, so ginger consumption is unrestricted then. Pungency moves Qi and drains Lung Qi, hence it is prohibited in autumn. *Hui'an Yulu* also contains the phrase "Autumn ginger shortens human lifespan."
Li Shizhen says: Long-term ginger consumption accumulates heat causing eye diseases; my trials confirm this. Patients with hemorrhoids who eat ginger with alcohol suffer rapid and severe flare-ups. Patients with carbuncles and sores develop malignant flesh if they eat ginger. These points were unmentioned by predecessors. *Xiang Gan Zhi* notes: Adding cicada slough to pickled ginger jars makes even old ginger fiberless, suggesting mutual suppression of material properties.
[Therapeutic Actions] Long-term consumption removes bad breath and clears the spirit (*Ben Jing*). Enters the Five Zang organs, dispels wind-cold-heat, treats headache and nasal congestion due to Cold Damage, counters rebellious Qi and cough, stops vomiting, and directs phlegm downward (*Bie Lu*). Removes water retention and fullness, treats cough and epidemic diseases. Combined with Banxia, treats acute pain in the epigastrium. Juice combined with Xingren decocted effectively expels all qi-knots and solidities, clearing cold and heat obstruction in the chest and heart. Juice mixed with honey treats internal heat vomiting and inability to eat (Zhen Quan). Disperses irritability and opens stomach Qi. Decocted juice expels solidities and冲 (rises through) malodorous Qi in the chest and diaphragm (Meng Shen). Breaks blood stasis, harmonizes the middle, removes cold Qi. Juice resolves drug poisoning (Meng Shen). Clears intense fever, treats phlegm-wheezing and distension, cold dysentery with abdominal pain, tetany with chest fullness, removes offensive odors from the chest and fox odor, kills intestinal parasites (Zhang Ding). Benefits Spleen and Stomach, disperses wind-cold (Zhang Yuansu). Resolves mushroom and other food poisonings (Wu Rui). Raw use disperses, cooked use harmonizes the middle. Resolves throat bi caused by wild bird poisoning. Juice applied to eyes treats red eyes. Paste made with juice and Huangming Jiao applied topically is excellent for severe rheumatic pain (Li Shizhen).
Dried Ginger
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats cough by warming the middle, treats distension, unremitting Huoluan, abdominal pain, cold dysentery, and blood closure. Suitable for patients with deficiency-cold (Zhen Quan). Ginger crumbs taken with wine treat hemiplegia (Meng Shen). A herb for the Qi level of the Lung Meridian, it benefits the Lung (Li Gao).
[Elucidation] Cheng Wuji says: Ginger and Jujube are pungent and sweet, specifically moving Spleen fluids to harmonize Ying and Wei. In formulas, they do not merely focus on dispersion.
Li Gao says: Ginger has four uses: 1) Neutralizing toxicity of Banxia and Houpo; 2) Dispelling wind-cold; 3) Combined with Jujube, pungent-warm to benefit Spleen-Stomach Yuan Qi, warm the middle and drain dampness; 4) Combined with Shaoyao, warms meridians and dispels cold. Sun Simiao said: "Ginger is the holy medicine for vomiting," because pungency disperses. Vomiting is stagnant rebellious Qi; this herb moves Yang and disperses Qi. Question: Ginger is pungent-warm entering the Lung, why say it enters the Stomach gate? Answer: The common belief that the epigastrium is the Stomach gate is incorrect. Below the pharynx, receiving solid matter, is the connection of the Stomach, which is the Stomach gate, traveling with the Lung connection, thus entering the Lung and opening the Stomach gate. Question: Why say "do not eat ginger at night" causing Qi blockage? Answer: Ginger is pungent-warm and promoting development. Nighttime Qi naturally converges; promoting development contradicts Heaven's Way. However, this does not apply to patients. Ginger crumbs are less hot than Dried Ginger but less moist than Fresh Ginger. Using Dried Ginger slices instead of Dried Ginger is because it is not excessive. Folk saying: "Radish at bed, ginger out of bed." Ginger opens appetite; radish digests food.
Li Shizhen says: Ginger is pungent but not meaty, expelling evil and averting malignancy. Raw or cooked, mixed with vinegar, sauce, pickles, salt, or honey, it is always suitable. It can be a vegetable, condiment, fruit, or medicine, offering broad benefits. For early morning travel or mountain walking, holding a piece prevents exposure to mist, dew, dampness, and mountain miasma. Note: Fang Guang's *Xin Fa Fu Yu* states: For stroke, heatstroke, Qi stagnation, poisoning, evil invasion, dry Huoluan, and all sudden acute diseases, Fresh Ginger juice mixed with child urine dissolves them immediately. Ginger opens phlegm and directs Qi down; child urine descends fire.
Su Song records Cui Yuanliang's *Ji Yan Fang*: Imperial Ginger Tea for Dysentery: Slice fresh ginger finely, mix with one or two bowls of good tea, sip freely until cured. For heat dysentery, keep the skin; for cold dysentery, remove the skin. Excellent.
Yang Shaying says: Ginger assists Yang, tea assists Yin. Both dissipate evil Qi, harmonize Yin-Yang, and resolve damp-heat and food/alcohol/summer-heat toxins. Suitable for both red and white dysentery. Su Dongpo treated Wen Lugong effectively with this.
[Attached Formulas] Twenty old, thirty new.
Phlegm and Sudden Wind: Fresh Ginger 2 liang, Aconite Root (raw) 1 liang, Water 5 sheng. Boil to 2 sheng, divide into two doses. Avoid pork and cold water. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Stomach Deficiency with Wind-Heat preventing eating: Fresh Ginger juice half cup, Rehmannia Root juice a little, Honey one spoon, Water 2 he. Mix and take. (*Shi Liao Ben Cao*).
Malaria with chills and fever, Phlegm accumulation in Spleen-Stomach causing chills and fever: Fresh Ginger 4 liang, crush to obtain natural juice one wine cup, expose overnight. On the day of attack, stand facing north at 5 AM, drink to stop. If not stopped, take again. (*Yi Jian Fang*).
Early stage of chills, fever, and phlegm cough: Burn a piece of ginger, hold and swallow. (*Ben Cao Yan Yi*).
Unremitting cough: Fresh Ginger 5 liang, Maltose half sheng. Simmer over low heat until cooked, finish to cure. Effective when used by Officer Duan. (*Meng Shen Bi Xiao Fang*).
Long-term cough and belching: Fresh Ginger juice half he, Honey one spoon, simmer, drink warm in three doses to cure. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*).
Pediatric cough: Fresh Ginger 4 liang, decoct for bath. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Sudden rebellious Qi rising: Chew 2-3 slices of ginger, repeatedly effective. (*Kou Shi Yan Yi*).
Dry retching and cold extremities: Frequently chew fresh ginger, the holy medicine for vomiting. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Unremitting vomiting: Fresh Ginger 1 liang, Vinegar soup 7 he. Decoct in silver vessel to 4 he, sip with dregs. Also kills intestinal parasites. (*Shi Yi Xin Jing*).
Heart palpitations with hiccupping, hardness in epigastrium: Fresh Ginger 8 liang (Water 3 sheng, boil to 1 sheng). Pinellia Tuber 5 he (wash) (Water 5 sheng, boil to 1 sheng). Decoct together to 1.5 sheng, divide into two doses. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Reverse regurgitation and emaciation *Bing Bu Shou Ji*: Use Mother Ginger 2 jin. Crush juice, make porridge. *Chuan Xin Shi Yong Fang*: Slice ginger, fry in sesame oil, powder, dip soft persimmon in powder, chew and swallow.
Huoluan near death: Fresh Ginger 5 liang, Young ox feces 1 sheng. Water 4 sheng, decoct to 2 sheng, divide into two doses, stops immediately. (*Mei Shi Fang*).
Huoluan with tetany, cramps entering abdomen near death: Fresh Ginger 3 liang crushed, Wine 1 sheng, boil 2-3 times, drink. Apply crushed ginger to painful area. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*).
Huoluan with abdominal distension, inability to vomit or purge: Fresh Ginger 1 jin, Water 7 sheng, decoct to 2 sheng, divide into three doses. (*Zhou Hou Fang*).
Abdominal distension, unable to take oral medicine: Wrap roasted ginger in silk, insert into anus. Replace when cold. (*Mei Shi*).
Chest and hypochondriac fullness/pain, solid masses with hard painful distension in chest/hypochondrium: Fresh Ginger 1 jin, crush leaving juice, stir-fry slowly until moist, wrap in silk, apply to affected area, iron gently. When cold, re-fry with juice and iron again. After a while, relief comes. (*Tao Hua Shang Han Chui Fa*).
Constipation: Shape ginger like small fat strip, 2 cun long, coat with salt, insert into anus, immediate passage. (*Wai Tai*).
Unremitting cold dysentery: Roasted ginger powder mixed equally with dried ginger powder. Make wontons with vinegar dough, boil in water then clear broth, cool, swallow 14 pills, follow with rice gruel, once daily. (*Shi Liao*).
Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) drinking water: Dried ginger powder 1 liang, mixed with Crucian carp bile, pill size of wutong seeds. Take 7 pills with rice wash. (*Sheng Hui Fang*).
Damp-Heat Jaundice: Rub whole body frequently with fresh ginger, jaundice fades. Another formula: Add Yinchen Hao, especially good. (*Shang Han Chui Fa*).
Sudden red swollen eyes: Zong says: Scrape ancient bronze coin with ginger to get juice, apply to edge of coin, tears will flow. Apply today, cured tomorrow, do not doubt. Another treatment for sudden wind-heat, red painful swollen eyes: December ginger crushed and juiced, dried in shade to powder, mix equal parts with Malachite powder. Soak small amount in boiling water, filter, wash with warm liquid, tearing is good. Tongue coating from various diseases: Wipe well cloth dipped in well water, then rub frequently with ginger slice, coating disappears. (*Tao Hua Fang*).
Mouth ulcers: Fresh ginger juice, rinse and spit frequently. Can also be powdered and applied, very effective.
Toothache: Roast old ginger on tile, mix with Alum powder, rub. Someone groaning day and night was cured. (*Pu Ji Fang*).
Bi syndrome with toxic vapors: Fresh Ginger 2 jin crushed juice, Honey 5 he, simmer evenly. Take 1 he per dose, five times daily. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Poisoning from eating doves, bamboo partridges, francolins: See Animal Section entries.
Poisoning from lettuce, various drugs, dog bites: Drink fresh ginger juice to resolve. (*Duan Ju Fang*).
Tiger bite wounds: Internal fresh ginger juice. External wash with juice, apply Alum powder. (*Mi Lan*).
Viper bite: Apply ginger powder, replace when dry. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Spider bite: Apply fried ginger slices, good. (*Qian Jin Fang*).
Knife/cleaver wounds: Chew ginger, apply, do not move. Flesh regenerates next day, excellent. (*Fu Shou Fang*).
Sprains/dislocations: Ginger and scallion white crushed, mixed with flour, stir-fried hot, ironed on area.
Falls/injuries: Ginger juice mixed with wine, blended with raw flour, applied.
Insects in ear: Drip few drops of ginger juice.
Axillary fox odor: Frequent application of ginger juice, eradicates root. (*Jing Yan Fang*).
Red/White vitiligo: Frequent rubbing with ginger, good. (*Yi Jian Fang*).
Frostbite on ears: Fresh ginger juice, boiled to paste, apply. (*Xia Ri Ji*).
Initial back carbuncle: One piece ginger, roast layer by layer over charcoal, powder, mix with pig bile, apply. (*Hai Shang Fang*).
Carbuncles/swelling: See Bai Zhi entry.
Various sores/fistulas not healing: Large ginger slices with skin, coated with Alum powder, roasted until charred, powdered, apply without moving, good. (*Pu Ji Fang*).
Postpartum blood stasis blocking Heart: Fresh Ginger 5 liang, Water 8 sheng, boil to 3 sheng, divide into three doses. (*Yang Shi Chan Ru*).
Postpartum uterine prolapse ("flesh thread"): A woman exerted force postpartum, protruding flesh thread 3-4 chi long, touching caused extreme heart/abdominal pain. A Daoist instructed buying 3 jin old ginger with skin, crushing, mixing with 2 jin sesame oil, frying dry. Fold 5 chi cooked silk into square knot. Gently lift prolapsed tissue, fold into three balls, insert into vagina. Place ginger in silk bag, fumigate nearby, replace when cold. After one day/night, shrinks mostly; two days, fully reduced. Said to be Secret Formula of Lady Wei. Do not let thread break, or incurable. Pulse Overflow Syndrome: Person bleeding continuously from pores, skin swollen like drum, eyes/nose/mouth closed by gas swelling. Name: Pulse Overflow. Fresh ginger juice and water half cup each, drink, calm immediately. (*Xia Zi Yi Qi Ji Fang*).
Ginger Skin
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, cool, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Reduces edema, abdominal distension, and fullness, harmonizes Spleen-Stomach, removes nebula (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One old.
Blackening White Hair: Scrape 1 dou old ginger skin, put in greasy pot (no washing), seal tightly. Careful person tends fire, medium-low heat, from dawn to dusk. Grind to powder. After plucking white hairs, insert sesame-seed-sized object into pore. Or pluck mustache first, then rub in with finger. Black hair grows after three days, miraculous. Li Qing verified. (*Su Song Tu Jing Ben Cao*).
Leaves
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats mass formation from eating raw vegetables, crush juice and drink, mass dissolves (Zhang Ji).
[Attached Formulas] One new.
Trauma with blood stasis: Ginger leaves 1 sheng, Angelica Sinensis 3 liang, powder. Take one cun-bi with warm wine, three times daily. (*Fan Wang Dong Yang Fang*).