（音来北。《唐本草》）
【释名】芦 （郭璞云∶芦音罗。 ，音北，与菔同。萝卜（音罗北）、雹突（《尔雅注》）、
紫花菘（同上）、温菘（同上）、土酥。
保升曰∶莱菔俗名萝卜。按∶《尔雅》云∶突，芦 。孙炎注云∶紫花菘也，俗呼温菘。
似芜菁，大根。俗名雹突，一名芦菔是矣。
颂曰∶紫花菘、温菘，皆南人所呼。吴人呼楚菘。广南人呼秦菘。
时珍曰∶按∶孙 《广韵》言∶鲁人名 （音拉答）。秦人名萝卜。王祯《农书》言∶
北人萝卜，一种四名∶春曰破地锥，夏曰夏生，秋曰萝卜，冬曰土酥，谓其洁白如酥也。珍
按∶菘乃菜名，因其耐冬如松、柏也。莱菔乃根名，上古谓之芦 ，中古转为莱菔，后世讹
为萝卜，南人呼为萝 ，与雹同，见晋灼《汉书注》中。陆佃乃言莱菔能制面毒，是来
之所服，以菔音服，盖亦就文起义耳。王氏《博济方》称干萝卜为仙人骨，亦方土谬名也。
【集解】
弘景曰∶芦菔是今温菘，其根可食。俗人蒸其根及作菹食，但小熏臭尔。叶不中啖。又
有突，根细而过辛，不宜服之。
恭曰∶莱菔，即芦菔也。嫩叶为生菜食，大叶可熟啖。陶氏言不中食，理丧其真也。江
北、河北、秦、晋最多，登、莱亦好。
颂曰∶莱菔，南北通有，北土尤多。有大、小二种∶大者肉坚，宜蒸食；小者白而脆，
宜生啖。
河朔极有大者，而江南、安州、洪州、信阳者甚大，重至五、六斤，或近一秤，亦一时
种莳之力也。
瑞曰∶夏月复种者，名夏萝卜。形小而长者，名蔓荆萝卜。
时珍曰∶莱菔，今天下通有之。昔人以芜菁、莱菔二物混注，已见蔓荆条下。圃人种莱
菔，六月下种，秋采苗，冬掘根。春末抽高苔，开小花紫碧色。夏初结角。其子大如大麻子，
圆长不等，黄赤色。五月亦可再种。其叶有大者如芜菁，细者如花芥，皆有细柔毛。其根有
红、白二色，其状有长、圆二类。大抵生沙壤者脆而甘，生瘠地者坚而辣。根、叶皆可生可
熟，可菹可酱，可豉可醋，可糖可腊，可饭，乃蔬中之最有利益者，而古人不深详之，岂因
其贱而忽之耶？抑未谙其利耶？
【气味】根辛、甘，叶辛、苦，温，无毒。
诜曰∶性冷。
思邈曰∶平。不可与地黄同食，令人发白，为其涩营卫也。
时珍曰∶多食莱菔动气，惟生姜能制其毒。又伏 砂。
【主治】散服及炮煮服食，大下气，消谷和中，去痰癖，肥健人；生捣汁服，止消渴，
试大有验（《唐本》）。利关节，理颜色，练五脏恶气，制面毒，行风气，去邪热气（萧炳）。
利五脏，轻身，令人白净肌细（孟诜）。消痰止咳，治肺痿吐血，温中补不足。同羊肉、银
鱼
煮食，治劳瘦咳嗽（《日华》）。同猪肉食，益人。生捣服，治禁口痢（汪颖）。捣汁服，治吐
血衄血（吴瑞）。宽胸膈，利大小便。生食，止渴宽中；煮食，化痰消导（宁原）。杀鱼腥气，
治豆腐积（汪机）。主吞酸，化积滞，解酒毒，散瘀血，甚效。末服，治五淋。丸服，治白
浊。煎汤，洗香港脚。饮汁，治下痢及失音，并烟熏欲死。生捣，涂打扑、汤火伤（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶莱菔功同芜菁，然力猛更出其右。断下方亦用其根，烧熟入药。尤能制
面毒。昔有婆罗门僧东来，见食麦面者，惊云∶此大热，何以食之？又见食中有芦菔，乃云∶
赖有此以解其性。自此相传，食面必啖芦菔。
炳曰∶捣烂制面，作 食之最佳，饱食亦不发热。酥煎食之，下气。凡人饮食过度，
生嚼咽之便消。
慎微曰∶按∶杨亿《谈苑》云∶江东居民言种芋三十亩，计省米三十斛；种萝卜三十亩
，计益米三十斛。则知萝卜果能消食也。
宗 曰∶服地黄、何首乌人食莱菔，则令人髭发白。世皆以为此物味辛、下气速也。然
生姜、芥子更辛，何止能散而已。盖莱菔辛而又甘，故能散缓，而又下气速也。所以散气用
生姜，下气用莱菔。
震亨曰∶莱菔根属土，有金与水。寇氏言其下气速。人往往煮食过多，停滞成溢饮，岂
非甘多而辛少乎？
时珍曰∶莱菔，根、叶同功，生食升气，熟食降气。苏、寇二氏止言其下气速，孙真人
言久食涩营卫，亦不知其生则噫气，熟则泄气，升降之不同也。大抵入太阴、阳明、少阳气
分，故所主皆肺、脾、肠、胃、三焦之病。李九华云∶莱菔多食渗人血。则其白人髭发，盖
亦由此，非独因其下气、涩营卫也。按∶《洞微志》云∶齐州有人病狂，云梦中见红裳女子
引入宫殿中，小姑令歌，每日遂歌云∶五灵楼阁晓玲珑，天府由来是此中。惆怅闷怀言不尽，
一丸萝卜火吾宫。有一道士云∶此犯大麦毒也。少女心神，小姑脾神。《医经》言萝卜制面
毒，故曰“火吾宫”。火者，毁也。遂以药并萝卜治之果愈。又按∶张杲《医说》云∶饶民
李
七病鼻衄甚危，医以萝卜自然汁和无灰酒饮之即止。盖血随气运，气滞故血妄行，萝卜下气
而酒导之故也。又云∶有人好食豆腐中毒，医治不效。忽见卖豆腐人言其妻误以萝卜汤入锅
中，遂致不成。其人心悟，乃以萝卜汤饮之而瘳。物理之妙如此。又《延寿书》载∶李师逃
难入石窟中，贼以烟熏之垂死，摸得萝卜菜一束，嚼汁咽下即苏。此法备急，不可不知。
【附方】旧二，新二十四。
食物作酸∶萝卜，生嚼数片，或生菜嚼之亦佳，绝妙。干者、熟者、盐腌者，及人胃冷
者，皆不效。（《濒湖集简方》）。
反胃噎疾∶萝卜，蜜煎浸，细细嚼咽良。（《普济方》）
消渴饮水∶独胜散∶用出了子萝卜三枚，净洗切片，晒干为末。每服二钱，煎猪肉汤澄
清调下，日三服，渐增至三钱。生者捣汁亦可，或以汁煮粥食之。（《图经本草》）。
肺痿咳血∶萝卜，和羊肉或鲫鱼，煮熟频食。（《普济方》）。
鼻衄不止∶萝卜，捣汁半盏，入酒少许热服，并以汁注鼻中皆良。或以酒煎沸，入萝卜
再煎，饮之。（《卫生易简方》）。
下痢禁口∶萝卜（捣汁）一小盏，蜜一盏。水一盏，同煎。早一服，午一服。日晡米饮
吞
阿胶丸百粒。如无萝卜，以子擂汁亦可。一方∶加枯矾七分，同煎。一方∶只用萝卜菜煎汤，
日日饮之。《普济方》∶用萝卜片，不拘新旧，染蜜噙之，咽汁。味淡再换。觉思食，以肉煮
粥与食，不可过多。痢后肠痛∶方同上。大肠便血∶大萝卜皮（烧存性）、荷叶（烧存性）、
蒲黄（生用）等分为末。每服一钱，米饮下。（《普济》）。
肠风下血∶蜜炙萝卜，任意食之。昔一妇人服此有效。（《百一选方》）。
酒疾下血，连旬不止∶用大萝卜二十枚，留青叶寸余，以井水入罐中，煮十分烂，入淡
醋，空心任食。（《寿亲养老方》）。
大肠脱肛∶生莱菔捣，实脐中束之。觉有疮，即除。（《摘玄方》）。
小便白浊∶生萝卜剜空留盖，入吴茱萸填满，盖定签住，糯米饭上蒸熟，取去茱萸，以
萝卜焙研末，糊丸梧子大。每服五十丸，盐汤下，日三服。（《普济》）。
沙石诸淋，疼不可忍∶用萝卜切片，蜜浸少时，炙干数次，不可过焦。
细嚼盐汤下，日三服。名瞑眩膏。（《普济》）。
遍身浮肿∶出了子萝卜、浮麦等分。浸汤饮之。（《圣济总录》）。
香港脚走痛∶萝卜煎汤洗之。仍以萝卜晒干为末，铺袜内。（《圣济总录》）。
偏正头痛∶生萝卜汁一蚬壳，仰卧，随左右注鼻中，神效。王荆公病头痛，有道人传此
方，移时遂愈也。以此治人，不可胜数。（《如宜方》）。
失音不语∶萝卜生捣汁，入姜汁同服。（《普济方》）。
喉痹肿痛∶萝卜汁和皂荚浆服，取吐。（同上）。
满口烂疮∶萝卜自然汁，频漱去涎，妙。（《濒湖集简方》）。
烟熏欲死∶方见发明下。
汤火伤灼∶生萝卜捣涂之。子亦可。（《圣济总录》）。
花火伤肌∶方同上。
打扑血聚，皮不破者∶用萝卜或叶捣封之。（邵氏方）。
子
【气味】辛、甘，平，无毒。
【主治】研汁服，吐风痰。同醋研，消肿毒（《日华》）。下气定喘治痰，消食除胀，利
大小便，止气痛，下痢后重，发疮疹（时珍）。
【发明】震亨曰∶莱菔子治痰，有推墙倒壁之功。
时珍曰∶莱菔子之功，长于利气。生能升，熟能降。升则吐风痰，散风寒，发疮疹；降
则定痰喘咳嗽，调下痢后重，止内痛，皆是利气之效。予曾用，果有殊绩。
【附方】旧三，新十三。
上气痰嗽，喘促唾脓血∶以莱菔子一合，研细煎汤，食上服之。（《食医心镜》）。
肺痰咳嗽∶莱菔子半升淘净焙干，炒黄为末，以糖和，丸芡子大。绵裹含之，咽汁甚妙。
（《胜金方》）。
喘痰促，遇浓味即发者∶萝卜子淘净，蒸熟晒研，姜汁浸蒸饼丸绿豆大。每服三十丸，
以口津咽下，日三服。名清金丸。（《医学集成》）。
痰气喘息∶萝卜子（炒）、皂荚（烧存性）等分为末，姜汁和，炼蜜丸梧子大。每服五
七十丸，白汤下。（《简便单方》）。
久嗽痰喘∶萝卜子（炒）、杏仁（去皮尖炒）等分。蒸饼丸麻子大。每服三、五丸，时
时津咽。（《医学集成》）。
高年气喘∶萝卜子炒，研末，蜜丸梧子大。每服五十丸，白汤下。（《济生秘览》）。
宣吐风痰∶《胜金方》∶用萝卜子末，温水调服三钱。良久吐出涎沫。如是摊痪风者，以
此吐后用紧疏药，疏后服和气散取瘥。丹溪吐法∶用萝卜子半升擂细，浆水一碗滤取汁，入
香油及蜜些须，温服。后以桐油浸过晒干鹅翎探吐。
中风口禁∶萝卜子、牙皂荚各二钱，以水煎服，取吐。（丹溪方）。
小儿风寒∶萝卜子（生研末）一钱，温葱酒服之，取微汗大效。（《卫生易简方》）。
风秘气秘∶萝卜子（炒）一合擂水，和皂荚末二钱服，立通。（《寿域神方》）
气胀气蛊∶莱菔子研，以水滤汁，浸缩砂一两一夜，炒干又浸又炒，凡七次，为末。每
米饮服一钱，如神。（《朱氏集验方》）。
小儿盘肠气痛∶用萝卜子炒黄研末，乳香汤服半钱。（杨仁斋《直指方》）。
年久头风∶莱菔子、生姜等分，捣取汁，入麝香少许，搐入鼻中，立止。（《普济方》）。
牙齿疼痛∶萝卜子十四粒生研，以人乳和之。左疼点右鼻，右疼点左鼻。
疮疹不出∶萝卜子生研末，米饮服二钱，良。（《卫生易简方》）
花
【主治】用糟下酒藏，食之甚美，明目（士良）。
（读音为“来北”。出自《唐本草》。）
【释名】芦菔（郭璞说：芦音同“罗”，菔音同“北”，与萝卜相同。萝卜、雹突（出自《尔雅注》）、紫花菘（同上）、温菘（同上）、土酥。
苏保升说：莱菔俗称萝卜。按：《尔雅》说：突，就是芦菔。孙炎注释说：是紫花菘，俗称温菘。形状像芜菁，根部很大。俗称雹突，一名芦菔，就是这个了。
苏颂说：紫花菘、温菘，都是南方人称呼的。吴地人叫它楚菘。广南人叫它秦菘。
李时珍说：按：孙愐《广韵》说：鲁地人叫它菔（音拉答）。秦地人叫它萝卜。王祯《农书》说：北方人种的萝卜，一种有四名：春天叫破地锥，夏天叫夏生，秋天叫萝卜，冬天叫土酥，是说它洁白如酥油。我按：菘是菜名，因为它耐寒像松、柏树一样。莱菔是根名，上古称为芦菔，中古转为莱菔，后世讹传为萝卜，南方人呼为萝菔，与雹字相同，见晋灼《汉书注》中。陆佃却说莱菔能制伏面毒，这是从“来”字所服之“菔”音近“服”而来，大概是就文字引申义罢了。王氏《博济方》称干萝卜为仙人骨，也是乡野医生的谬误名称。
【集解】
陶弘景说：芦菔就是现在的温菘，它的根可以吃。俗人蒸它的根或做成腌菜吃，只是稍微有点烟熏臭味。叶子不能吃。又有突菔，根细而且过于辛辣，不适合服用。
苏恭说：莱菔，就是芦菔。嫩叶可以做生菜吃，大叶可以煮熟吃。陶氏说不能吃，道理丧失了真相。江北、河北、秦地、晋地最多，登州、莱州也很好。
苏颂说：莱菔，南北都有，北方土地尤其多。有大、小两种：大的肉质坚实，适合蒸食；小的白色而脆，适合生吃。
河朔地区有极大的，而江南、安州、洪州、信阳的也非常大，重达五、六斤，或者接近一秤，也是一时种植培育的力量所致。
苏瑞说：夏天复种的，名叫夏萝卜。形状小而长的，名叫蔓荆萝卜。
李时珍说：莱菔，现在天下普遍都有。过去的人把芜菁、莱菔两物混淆注解，已经在蔓荆条下见过。园丁种莱菔，六月下种，秋天采苗，冬天掘根。春末抽高苔，开小花，紫碧色。夏初结角。种子大如大麻子，圆长不等，黄赤色。五月也可以再种。叶子有大的像芜菁，细的如花芥，都有细柔毛。根有红、白二色，形状有长、圆二类。大致生在沙壤土的脆而甜，生在贫瘠土地的硬而辣。根、叶都可以生吃或熟吃，可以做腌菜、酱、豆豉、醋、糖、腊肉、饭，是蔬菜中最有利益的，但古人没有深入详察，难道是因为它贱从而忽视它吗？还是不了解它的益处呢？
【气味】根辛、甘，叶辛、苦，温，无毒。
孟诜说：性冷。
孙思邈说：平。不可与地黄同食，令人头发变白，因为它是涩滞营卫的缘故。
李时珍说：多吃莱菔动气，只有生姜能制伏它的毒。又能伏砂。
【主治】散服及炮煮服食，大下气，消谷和中，去痰癖，使身体肥壮健壮；生捣汁服，止消渴，试之大有效果（《唐本草》）。利关节，理颜色，练五脏恶气，制面毒，行风气，去邪热气（萧炳）。利五脏，轻身，使人皮肤白净细腻（孟诜）。消痰止咳，治肺痿吐血，温中补不足。同羊肉、银鱼煮食，治劳瘦咳嗽（《日华子本草》）。同猪肉食，益人。生捣服，治禁口痢（汪颖）。捣汁服，治吐血衄血（吴瑞）。宽胸膈，利大小便。生食，止渴宽中；煮食，化痰消导（宁原）。杀鱼腥气，治豆腐积（汪机）。主吞酸，化积滞，解酒毒，散瘀血，非常有效。研末服，治五淋。丸服，治白浊。煎汤，洗香港脚。饮汁，治下痢及失音，并烟熏欲死。生捣，涂打扑、汤火伤（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：莱菔功效同芜菁，然而力量猛烈更在其右。断下方也用其根，烧熟入药。尤能制面毒。昔日有婆罗门僧东来，见吃麦面的人，惊讶说：这个大热，为什么吃它？又见食物中有芦菔，就说：幸亏有这个以解除它的性质。从此相传，吃面必吃芦菔。
萧炳说：捣烂制面，做面食吃最佳，吃饱也不发热。用酥油煎食，下气。凡人饮食过度，生嚼咽下就消化。
沈慎微说：按：杨亿《谈苑》说：江东居民说种芋三十亩，计算节省米三十斛；种萝卜三十亩，计算增加米三十斛。则知萝卜果然能消食。
寇宗奭说：服地黄、何首乌的人吃莱菔，就会让人胡须头发变白。世人都认为此物味辛、下气快。然而生姜、芥子更辛，何止能散而已。大概莱菔辛而又甘，所以能散缓，而又下气快。所以散气用生姜，下气用莱菔。
朱震亨说：莱菔根属土，含金与水。寇氏说它下气快。人往往煮食过多，停滞成溢饮，岂不是甘多而辛少吗？
李时珍说：莱菔，根、叶功效相同，生食升气，熟食降气。苏、寇二氏只说它下气快，孙真人说久食涩营卫，也不知道生则噫气，熟则泄气，升降的不同。大致入太阴、阳明、少阳气分，所以所主的都是肺、脾、肠、胃、三焦的病。李九华说：莱菔多吃渗人血。那么它让人胡须头发变白，大概也由此，不只是因为它下气、涩营卫。按：《洞微志》说：齐州有人病狂，说梦中见红衣女子引入宫殿中，小姑令歌，每日遂歌道：五灵楼阁晓玲珑，天府由来是此中。惆怅闷怀言不尽，一丸萝卜火吾宫。有一道士说：这是犯大麦毒。少女心神，小姑脾神。《医经》说萝卜制面毒，所以说“火吾宫”。火者，毁也。于是用药并萝卜治之果然痊愈。又按：张杲《医说》说：饶州百姓李七病鼻衄很危险，医生用萝卜自然汁和无灰酒饮之即止。大概血随气运，气滞故血妄行，萝卜下气而酒导引它。又说：有人好食豆腐中毒，医治无效。忽见卖豆腐人说他妻子误以萝卜汤入锅中，遂致不成。他心里领悟，乃以萝卜汤饮之而痊愈。物理之妙如此。又《延寿书》载：李师逃难入石窟中，贼以烟熏之垂死，摸得萝卜菜一束，嚼汁咽下即苏醒。此法备急，不可不知。
【附方】旧方二，新方二十四。
食物作酸：萝卜，生嚼数片，或生菜嚼之亦佳，绝妙。干的、熟的、盐腌的，以及人胃冷的，都不见效。（《濒湖集简方》）。
反胃噎疾：萝卜，蜜煎浸，细细嚼咽良。（《普济方》）
消渴饮水：独胜散：用出了子的萝卜三枚，净洗切片，晒干为末。每服二钱，煎猪肉汤澄清调下，日三服，渐增至三钱。生的捣汁亦可，或以汁煮粥食之。（《图经本草》）。
肺痿咳血：萝卜，和羊肉或鲫鱼，煮熟频食。（《普济方》）。
鼻衄不止：萝卜，捣汁半盏，入酒少许热服，并以汁注鼻中皆良。或以酒煎沸，入萝卜再煎，饮之。（《卫生易简方》）。
下痢禁口：萝卜（捣汁）一小盏，蜜一盏。水一盏，同煎。早一服，午一服。日晡米饮吞阿胶丸百粒。如无萝卜，以子擂汁亦可。一方：加枯矾七分，同煎。一方：只用萝卜菜煎汤，日日饮之。《普济方》：用萝卜片，不拘新旧，染蜜噙之，咽汁。味淡再换。觉思食，以肉煮粥与食，不可过多。
痢后肠痛：方同上。
大肠便血：大萝卜皮（烧存性）、荷叶（烧存性）、蒲黄（生用）等分为末。每服一钱，米饮下。（《普济》）。
肠风下血：蜜炙萝卜，任意食之。昔一妇人服此有效。（《百一选方》）。
酒疾下血，连旬不止：用大萝卜二十枚，留青叶寸余，以井水入罐中，煮十分烂，入淡醋，空心任食。（《寿亲养老方》）。
大肠脱肛：生莱菔捣，实脐中束之。觉有疮，即除。（《摘玄方》）。
小便白浊：生萝卜剜空留盖，入吴茱萸填满，盖定签住，糯米饭上蒸熟，取去茱萸，以萝卜焙研末，糊丸梧子大。每服五十丸，盐汤下，日三服。（《普济》）。
沙石诸淋，疼不可忍：用萝卜切片，蜜浸少时，炙干数次，不可过焦。细嚼盐汤下，日三服。名瞑眩膏。（《普济》）。
遍身浮肿：出了子萝卜、浮麦等分。浸汤饮之。（《圣济总录》）。
香港脚走痛：萝卜煎汤洗之。仍以萝卜晒干为末，铺袜内。（《圣济总录》）。
偏正头痛：生萝卜汁一蚬壳，仰卧，随左右注鼻中，神效。王荆公病头痛，有道人传此方，移时遂愈也。以此治人，不可胜数。（《如宜方》）。
失音不语：萝卜生捣汁，入姜汁同服。（《普济方》）。
喉痹肿痛：萝卜汁和皂荚浆服，取吐。（同上）。
满口烂疮：萝卜自然汁，频漱去涎，妙。（《濒湖集简方》）。
烟熏欲死：方见发明下。
汤火伤灼：生萝卜捣涂之。子亦可。（《圣济总录》）。
花火伤肌：方同上。
打扑血聚，皮不破者：用萝卜或叶捣封之。（邵氏方）。
【子】
【气味】辛、甘，平，无毒。
【主治】研汁服，吐风痰。同醋研，消肿毒（《日华子本草》）。下气定喘治痰，消食除胀，利大小便，止气痛，下痢后重，发疮疹（李时珍）。
【发明】朱震亨说：莱菔子治痰，有推墙倒壁之功。
李时珍说：莱菔子的功效，长于利气。生能升，熟能降。升则吐风痰，散风寒，发疮疹；降则定痰喘咳嗽，调下痢后重，止内痛，皆是利气的效果。我曾经用过，果有特殊成绩。
【附方】旧方三，新方十三。
上气痰嗽，喘促唾脓血：以莱菔子一合，研细煎汤，食上服之。（《食医心镜》）。
肺痰咳嗽：莱菔子半升淘净焙干，炒黄为末，以糖和，丸芡子大。绵裹含之，咽汁甚妙。（《胜金方》）。
喘痰促，遇浓味即发者：萝卜子淘净，蒸熟晒研，姜汁浸蒸饼丸绿豆大。每服三十丸，以口津咽下，日三服。名清金丸。（《医学集成》）。
痰气喘息：萝卜子（炒）、皂荚（烧存性）等分为末，姜汁和，炼蜜丸梧子大。每服五七十丸，白汤下。（《简便单方》）。
久嗽痰喘：萝卜子（炒）、杏仁（去皮尖炒）等分。蒸饼丸麻子大。每服三、五丸，时时津咽。（《医学集成》）。
高年气喘：萝卜子炒，研末，蜜丸梧子大。每服五十丸，白汤下。（《济生秘览》）。
宣吐风痰：《胜金方》：用萝卜子末，温水调服三钱。良久吐出涎沫。如是摊痪风者，以此吐后用紧疏药，疏后服和气散取瘥。丹溪吐法：用萝卜子半升擂细，浆水一碗滤取汁，入香油及蜜些须，温服。后以桐油浸过晒干鹅翎探吐。
中风口禁：萝卜子、牙皂荚各二钱，以水煎服，取吐。（丹溪方）。
小儿风寒：萝卜子（生研末）一钱，温葱酒服之，取微汗大效。（《卫生易简方》）。
风秘气秘：萝卜子（炒）一合擂水，和皂荚末二钱服，立通。（《寿域神方》）
气胀气蛊：莱菔子研，以水滤汁，浸缩砂一两一夜，炒干又浸又炒，凡七次，为末。每米饮服一钱，如神。（《朱氏集验方》）。
小儿盘肠气痛：用萝卜子炒黄研末，乳香汤服半钱。（杨仁斋《直指方》）。
年久头风：莱菔子、生姜等分，捣取汁，入麝香少许，搐入鼻中，立止。（《普济方》）。
牙齿疼痛：萝卜子十四粒生研，以人乳和之。左疼点右鼻，右疼点左鼻。
疮疹不出：萝卜子生研末，米饮服二钱，良。（《卫生易简方》）
【花】
【主治】用糟下酒藏，食之甚美，明目（士良）。
(Pronounced "Lai Bei". From *Tang Bencao*.)
[Names] Lubu (Guo Pu said: Lu sounds like "Luo", Fu sounds like "Bei", same as Luobo. Radish, Baotu (*Erya Zhu*), Purple-flowered Song, Wensong, Tusux).
Su Baosheng said: Laifu is commonly called Luobo. According to: *Erya* says: Tu is Lubu. Sun Yan's annotation says: It is purple-flowered Song, commonly called Wensong. It resembles Jing (Turnip), with a large root. Commonly called Baotu, also named Lubu, this is it.
Su Song said: Purple-flowered Song and Wensong are all terms used by people in the South. People in Wu call it Chu Song. People in Guangnan call it Qin Song.
Li Shizhen said: According to: Sun Mian's *Guangyun* says: People in Lu call it Fu (sound La Da). People in Qin call it Luobo. Wang Zhen's *Nongshu* says: The radish grown by northerners has four names for one variety: Spring calls it Podi Zhui, Summer calls it Xia Sheng, Autumn calls it Luobo, Winter calls it Tusux, meaning it is white and pure like butter. I note: Song is a vegetable name, because it withstands winter like Pine and Cypress. Laifu is a root name, in ancient times called Lubu, in middle ages transformed into Laifu, later erroneously changed to Luobo. Southerners call it Luo Fu, same as the character Bao, seen in Jin Zhuo's *Annotation of Book of Han*. Lu Tain said Laifu can counteract the toxicity of wheat flour; this comes from the sound of "Fu" being served by "Lai", likely deriving meaning from the text. Wang's *Boji Fang* calls dried radish Immortal Bone, which is also a folk error.
[Collection and Explanation]
Tao Hongjing said: Lubu is the current Wensong, its root is edible. Common people steam its root or make pickles from it, but it has a slight smoky odor. The leaves are not edible. There is also Tu, with thin roots and overly pungent taste, not suitable for consumption.
Su Gong said: Laifu is Lubu. Tender leaves can be eaten as raw vegetables, large leaves can be cooked and eaten. Tao's statement that they are inedible loses the truth. Jiangbei, Hebei, Qin, and Jin regions have the most, Deng and Lai regions are also good.
Su Song said: Laifu is common north and south, especially abundant in northern lands. There are two types: large and small. Large ones have firm flesh, suitable for steaming; small ones are white and crisp, suitable for raw eating.
Hezhou region has very large ones, while those in Jiangnan, Anzhou, Hongzhou, and Xinyang are also very large, weighing five or six jin, or close to one sheng, due to the effort of planting at that time.
Su Rui said: Those replanted in summer are named Summer Radish. Those that are small and long are named Manjing Radish.
Li Shizhen said: Laifu is now common throughout the world. In the past, people confused Turnip (Jing) and Laifu in annotations, as seen under the Manjing entry. Gardeners plant Laifu in June, harvest seedlings in autumn, dig roots in winter. Late spring produces tall flower stalks with small purple-blue flowers. Early summer forms pods. Seeds are as large as hemp seeds, varying in roundness and length, yellow-red color. Can be planted again in May. Leaves vary from large like Turnip to fine like Flower Mustard, all with fine soft hairs. Roots are red or white, shapes long or round. Generally, those growing in sandy soil are crisp and sweet, those in barren land are hard and spicy. Roots and leaves can be eaten raw or cooked, made into pickles, sauce, fermented bean curd, vinegar, sugar, cured meat, or rice. It is the most beneficial among vegetables, yet ancients did not examine it deeply. Was it ignored because it was cheap? Or did they not understand its benefits?
[Properties and Flavor] Root: Acrid, Sweet; Leaf: Acrid, Bitter; Warm; Non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: Cold nature.
Sun Simiao said: Neutral. Do not eat with Rehmannia (Dihuang), as it causes hair whitening, due to its astringent effect on Ying and Wei.
Li Shizhen said: Eating too much Laifu moves Qi; only Ginger can counteract its toxicity. It can also settle sand.
[Therapeutic Actions] Taken dispersed or roasted/boiled, it greatly directs Qi downward, aids digestion and harmonizes the Middle Jiao, removes phlegm accumulation, and strengthens the body. Raw juice stops thirst and shows great efficacy (*Tang Bencao*). Benefits joints, improves complexion, purifies bad Qi in the Five Viscera, counters wheat flour toxicity, promotes Wind Qi circulation, and eliminates pathogenic Heat Qi (Xiao Bing). Benefits the Five Viscera, lightens the body, makes skin white and fine (Meng Shen). Resolves phlegm, stops cough, treats Lung Abscess with hemoptysis, warms the Middle and tonifies deficiency. Cooked with mutton or silver fish, treats consumptive cough (*Rihuabencao*). Eaten with pork, benefits the person. Raw juice treats dysentery with inability to eat (Wang Ying). Juice treats hematemesis and epistaxis (Wu Rui). Relieves chest oppression, benefits urination and defecation. Raw stops thirst and relieves fullness; cooked resolves phlegm and aids digestion (Ning Yuan). Kills fishy odors, treats tofu accumulation (Wang Ji). Treats acid regurgitation, transforms stagnation, detoxifies alcohol, disperses blood stasis, very effective. Powder treats five types of strangury. Pills treat leukorrhea. Decoction washes tinea pedis. Juice treats dysentery, aphonia, and smoke inhalation near death. Raw paste applied to trauma and burns/scalds (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Song said: Laifu has similar effects to Turnip (Jing), but its power is more intense. Its root is used in formulas to stop diarrhea, roasted and added to medicine. It particularly counters wheat flour toxicity. Once, a Buddhist monk from India came east, saw people eating wheat noodles, and exclaimed: This is very hot, why eat it? Seeing radish in the food, he said: Fortunately, this exists to resolve its nature. Since then, it has been passed down that one must eat radish with noodles.
Xiao Bing said: Mixing crushed radish with flour for making dough is best; even when full, it does not cause heat. Fried with butter, it directs Qi downward. For anyone overeating, chewing raw radish helps digestion.
Shen Shenwei said: According to: Yang Yi's *Tanwan* says: Residents of Jiangdong say planting 30 mu of taro saves 30 hu of rice; planting 30 mu of radish increases rice yield by 30 hu. Thus, radish indeed aids digestion.
Kou Zongshi said: People taking Rehmannia or Polygonum multiflorum should not eat Laifu, as it causes beard and hair whitening. The world thinks this is because the substance is acrid and directs Qi downward quickly. However, Ginger and Mustard Seed are more acrid, doing more than just dispersing. Laifu is both acrid and sweet, so it disperses gently yet directs Qi downward quickly. Therefore, use Ginger to disperse Qi, use Laifu to direct Qi downward.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Laifu root belongs to Earth, containing Metal and Water. Kou said it directs Qi downward quickly. People often cook and eat too much, causing stagnation into fluid retention, isn't this because there is too much sweetness and too little acridity?
Li Shizhen said: Laifu, root and leaf have same functions. Raw raises Qi, cooked lowers Qi. Su and Kou only mentioned its quick downward direction. Sun Simiao said long-term use astringes Ying and Wei, not knowing that raw causes belching, cooked causes evacuation, differing in ascending and descending. Generally enters Taiyin, Yangming, Shaoyang Qi divisions, thus treating diseases of Lung, Spleen, Intestines, Stomach, and Sanjiao. Li Jiuhua said: Excessive Laifu leaches blood. Thus its whitening effect on hair is likely due to this, not just downward Qi direction and astringing Ying/Wei. According to *Dongwei Zhi*: A man in Qizhou went mad, dreaming of a woman in red leading him to a palace, where a younger sister commanded him to sing daily: "Five Spirits Pavilion clear and exquisite at dawn, Tianfu has always been here. Sadness and stifled feelings unspoken, One pill of radish burns my palace." A Daoist priest said: This is poisoning from large wheat. Young girl is Heart Spirit, younger sister is Spleen Spirit. *Medical Classics* say radish counters wheat toxicity, hence "burns my palace". Fire means destruction. Treating with medicine and radish cured him. Also, Zhang Gao's *Yi Shuo* says: Resident Li Qi of Raozhou had severe epistaxis, doctors stopped it with fresh radish juice mixed with unfermented wine. Blood follows Qi movement; Qi stagnation causes blood to run wild; radish directs Qi downward and wine guides it. Also: Someone poisoned by tofu, medical treatment failed. Suddenly heard tofu seller say his wife accidentally put radish soup in the pot, ruining it. He realized, drank radish soup and recovered. The wonder of physical principles is such. *Yanshou Shu* records: Li Shi fled into a cave, bandits smoked him near death, he found a bundle of radish greens, chewed juice and swallowed, revived immediately. This emergency method must be known.
[Attached Formulas] Two old, twenty-four new.
Food turning sour: Radish, chew several slices raw, or chew raw leaves, excellent. Dried, cooked, salted, or for cold stomach, none are effective. (*Binhu Jijianfang*).
Regurgitation and choking disease: Radish, preserved in honey, chew and swallow slowly, good. (*Puji Fang*)
Thirst drinking water: Duseng San: Use three radishes without seeds, wash clean, slice, dry, powder. Take 2 qian each time, decoct pork broth, clarify, mix and take, three times a day, gradually increase to 3 qian. Raw juice is also okay, or cook porridge with juice. (*Tujing Bencao*).
Lung abscess with coughing blood: Radish, cooked with mutton or crucian carp, eat frequently. (*Puji Fang*).
Unstoppable epistaxis: Radish, crush juice half cup, add little wine, drink warm, also drip juice into nose, both good. Or boil wine, add radish, boil again, drink. (*Weisheng Yjianfang*).
Dysentery with inability to eat: Radish (crushed juice) one small cup, honey one cup. Water one cup, decoct together. Take once early morning, once noon. At dusk, swallow 100 pills of Ejiao with rice drink. If no radish, crushing seeds for juice is okay. One formula: Add 7 fen calcined alum, decoct together. One formula: Only decoct radish greens soup, drink daily. *Puji Fang*: Use radish slices, regardless of new or old, dip in honey, hold in mouth, swallow juice. Change when flavor fades. When craving food, give meat porridge, do not eat too much.
Intestinal pain after dysentery: Same formula above.
Large intestine bleeding: Large radish peel (charred to retain nature), lotus leaf (charred to retain nature), Puhuang (raw) equal parts, powder. Take 1 qian each time, with rice drink. (*Puji*).
Wind-intestinal bleeding: Honey-roasted radish, eat as desired. A woman in the past took this effectively. (*Baiyi Xuanfang*).
Alcohol-induced bleeding, continuous for ten days: Use twenty large radishes, leave one cun of green leaves, put well water in jar, boil until very soft, add light vinegar, eat on empty stomach. (*Shouqin Yanglaofang*).
Large intestine prolapse: Crush raw Laifu, stuff into umbilicus, bind. If sore appears, remove. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*).
White turbid urine: Hollow out raw radish leaving lid, fill with Evodia (Wuzhuyu), seal with stick, steam over glutinous rice until cooked, remove Evodia, roast radish, powder, paste into pills size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills each time, with salt water, three times a day. (*Puji*).
Gravel strangury, unbearable pain: Slice radish, soak in honey briefly, roast dry several times, do not burn. Chew finely, take with salt water, three times a day. Name Mingxuan Gao. (*Puji*).
Generalized edema: Radish without seeds, floating wheat equal parts. Soak in water, drink. (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Tinea pedis moving pain: Boil radish soup to wash. Also dry radish, powder, put inside socks. (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Migraine and frontal headache: Fresh radish juice one clam shell, lie on back, drip into left or right nostril, miraculous. Wang Anshi suffered headache, a Daoist passed this formula, cured after some time. Using this to treat others, countless cases. (*Ruyi Fang*).
Aphonia: Raw radish crushed juice, mix with ginger juice, take. (*Puji Fang*).
Sore throat swelling and pain: Radish juice mixed with soap pod slurry, induce vomiting. (Same).
Mouth ulcers: Fresh radish juice, rinse frequently to remove saliva, wonderful. (*Binhu Jijianfang*).
Smoke inhalation near death: See Elucidation below.
Burns and scalds: Crush raw radish, apply. Seeds also work. (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Fire injury to muscle: Same formula above.
Trauma with blood accumulation, skin not broken: Crush radish or leaves, apply. (*Shao Shi Fang*).
[Seeds]
[Properties and Flavor] Acrid, Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Crush juice, vomit wind-phlegm. Mix with vinegar, reduce swelling and toxins (*Rihuabencao*). Directs Qi downward, calms asthma, treats phlegm, transforms food, removes distension, benefits urination and defecation, stops Qi pain, tenesmus, induces rash eruption (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Zhu Zhenheng said: Laifu seeds treat phlegm, with power to push down walls.
Li Shizhen said: Laifu seeds' merit lies in benefiting Qi. Raw ascends, cooked descends. Ascending vomits wind-phlegm, disperses wind-cold, induces rashes; Descending calms phlegm-asthma cough, regulates tenesmus, stops internal pain, all are effects of benefiting Qi. I have used it, truly special results.
[Attached Formulas] Three old, thirteen new.
Upper Qi phlegm cough, panting spitting pus-blood: Laifu seeds one he, grind fine, decoct, take after meal. (*Shiyi Xinjing*).
Lung phlegm cough: Laifu seeds half sheng, wash clean, roast dry, stir-fry yellow, powder, mix with sugar, pills size of euryale seed. Wrap in silk, hold in mouth, swallow juice, very wonderful. (*Shengjin Fang*).
Panting phlegm rapid onset with rich flavors: Radish seeds wash clean, steam, dry, grind, soak steamed cake in ginger juice, pills size of mung bean. Take 30 pills each time, swallow with saliva, three times a day. Name Qingjin Wan. (*Yixue Jicheng*).
Phlegm-Qi panting: Radish seeds (roasted), soap pods (charred to retain nature) equal parts, powder, mix with ginger juice, refined honey pills size of wutong seeds. Take 50-70 pills each time, with plain water. (*Jianbian Danfang*).
Chronic cough phlegm panting: Radish seeds (roasted), apricot kernels (skin/spirit removed, roasted) equal parts. Steamed cake pills size of hemp seeds. Take 3-5 pills each time, swallow with saliva. (*Yixue Jicheng*).
Elderly asthma: Roast radish seeds, powder, honey pills size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills each time, with plain water. (*Jisheng Milan*).
Induce vomiting wind-phlegm: *Shengjin Fang*: Radish seed powder, warm water mix take 3 qian. After long time, vomit saliva. If paralysis wind, use tight dispersing medicine after vomiting, then take Heqi San to recover. Danxi vomiting method: Radish seeds half sheng, grind fine, rice water one bowl, filter juice, add sesame oil and little honey, warm take. Then probe vomit with goose feather soaked in tung oil.
Stroke mouth closure: Radish seeds, tooth soap pods each 2 qian, decoct in water, induce vomiting. (Danxi Fang).
Children wind-cold: Radish seeds (raw ground powder) 1 qian, warm scallion wine take, induce slight sweat, great effect. (*Weisheng Yjianfang*).
Wind constipation Qi constipation: Radish seeds (roasted) one he, grind with water, mix with 2 qian soap pod powder, take, immediate passage. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
Qi distension Qi gu: Grind Laifu seeds, filter juice with water, soak Amomum one liang overnight, roast dry, soak and roast again, seven times total, powder. Take 1 qian each time with rice drink, miraculous. (*Zhushi Jiyuan Fang*).
Children coiling intestinal Qi pain: Roast radish seeds yellow, grind powder, take half qian with frankincense water. (Yang Renzhai *Zhizhi Fang*).
Long-standing head wind: Laifu seeds, ginger equal parts, crush juice, add little musk, insufflate into nose, immediate stop. (*Puji Fang*).
Toothache: 14 radish seeds raw grind, mix with human milk. Left pain dot right nose, right pain dot left nose.
Rash not erupting: Radish seeds raw grind powder, rice drink take 2 qian, good. (*Weisheng Yjianfang*)
[Flowers]
[Therapeutic Actions] Preserved in wine lees, eat delicious, brighten eyes (Shiliang).