（《别录》上品）
【释名】蔓荆（《唐本》）、九英菘（《食疗》）
、诸葛菜。
藏器曰∶芜菁，北人名蔓荆。今并汾、河朔间烧食其根，呼为芜根，犹是芜菁之号。芜
菁，南北之通称也。塞北、河西种者，名九英蔓荆，亦曰九英菘。根叶长大而味不美，人以
为军粮。
禹锡曰∶《尔雅》云∶须， 芜。《诗·谷风》云∶采葑采菲。毛苌注云∶葑，须也。孙
炎云∶须，一名葑苁。《礼坊记》注云∶葑，蔓荆也。陈、宋之间谓之葑。
陆玑云∶葑，芜菁也。幽州人谓之芥。郭璞云∶ 芜似羊蹄，叶细，味酢可食。扬雄《方
言》云∶ 、荛，蔓荆也。
陈、楚谓之 ，齐、鲁谓之荛，关西谓之芜菁，赵、魏之部谓之大芥。然则葑也，须也，
芜菁也，蔓荆也， 芜也，荛也，芥也，七者一物也。
时珍曰∶按∶孙 云∶ 、蔓荆苗也。其说甚通。掌禹锡以 芜释蔓荆，陈藏器谓 芜
是酸模，当以陈说为优。详见草部酸模下。刘禹锡《嘉话录》云∶诸葛亮所止令兵士独种蔓
荆者，取其才出甲，可生啖，一也；叶舒可煮食，二也；久居则随以滋长，三也；弃不令惜，
四也；回则易寻而采，五也；冬有根可食，六也。比诸蔬其利甚博。至今蜀人呼为诸葛菜，
江陵亦然。又朱辅《溪蛮丛笑》云∶苗、僚、瑶、佬地方产马王菜，味涩多刺，即诸葛菜也。
相传马殷所遗，故名。又蒙古人呼其根为沙吉木儿。
【集解】弘景曰∶《别录》芜菁、芦菔同条。芦菔是今温菘，其根可食，叶不中啖。
芜菁根细于温菘而叶似菘，好食，西川惟种此。其子与温菘甚相似，而俗方无用，惟服食家
炼饵之，而不言芦菔子，恐不用也。俗人蒸其根及作菹食，但小薰臭尔。
恭曰∶芜菁，北人名蔓荆，根、叶及子皆是菘类，与芦菔全别，体用亦殊。陶言芜菁似
芦菔，芦菔叶不堪食，是江表不产二物，理丧其真也。菘子黑色，蔓荆子紫赤色，大小相似。
芦菔子黄赤色，而大数倍，且不圆也。
大明曰∶蔓荆比芦菔梗短而细，叶大，连地上生，浓阔短肥，其色红。
颂曰∶芜菁南北皆有，北土尤多。四时常有，春食苗，夏食心（亦谓之苔子），秋食茎
，冬食根。河朔多种，以备饥岁。菜中之最有益者惟此尔。其子夏秋熟时采之。
宗 曰∶蔓荆，夏月则枯。当此之时，蔬圃复种，谓之鸡毛菜。食心，正在春时。诸菜
之中，有益无损，于世有功。采撷之余，收子为油，燃灯甚明，西人食之。河东、太原所出，
其根极大，他处不及也。又出西番吐谷浑地。
机曰∶叶是蔓荆，根是芦菔。
时珍曰∶《别录》以芜菁、芦菔同条，遂致诸说猜度。或以二物为一种，或谓二物全别
，或谓在南为莱菔，在北为蔓荆，殊无定见。今按∶二物根、叶、花、子都别，非一类也。
蔓荆是芥属，根长而白，其味辛苦而短，茎粗叶大而浓阔；夏初起苔，开黄花，四出如芥，
结角亦如芥，其子均圆，似芥子而紫赤色。芦菔是菘属，根圆，亦有长者，有红、白二色；
其味辛甘而永；叶不甚大而糙，亦有花叶者；夏初起苔，开淡紫花；结角如虫状，腹大尾尖；
子似葫芦巴，不均不圆，黄赤色。如此分之，自明白矣。其蔓荆六月种者，根大而叶蠹；八
月种者，叶美而根小；惟七月初种者，根叶俱良。拟卖者纯种九英，九英根大而味短，削净
为菹甚佳。今燕京人以瓶腌藏，谓之闭瓮菜。
根叶
【气味】苦，温，无毒。时珍曰∶辛、甘、苦。
宗 曰∶多食动气。
【主治】利五脏，轻身益气，可长食之（《别录》）。
常食通中，令人肥健（苏颂）。消食，下气治嗽，止消渴，去心腹冷痛，及热毒风肿，
乳痈妒乳寒热（孟诜）。
【发明】诜曰∶九英菘出河西，叶大根亦粗长。和羊肉食甚美，常食都不见发病。冬日
作菹煮羹食，消宿食，下气治嗽。诸家商略其性冷，而《本草》云温，恐误也。
【附方】旧七，新七。
预禳时疾∶立春后遇庚子日，温蔓荆汁，合家大小并服之，不限多少，一年可免时疾。
（《神仙教子法》）。
鼻中衄血∶诸葛菜，生捣汁饮。（《十便良方》）。
大醉不堪，连日病困者∶蔓荆菜，入少米煮熟，去滓，冷冻饮料之良。（《肘后方》）。
饮酒辟气∶干蔓荆根二七枚，蒸三遍，碾末。酒后水服二钱，即无酒气也。（《千金》）。
一切肿毒∶孙真人食忌∶生蔓荆根一握，入盐花少许，同捣封之，日三易之。《肘后方》∶
用蔓荆叶不中水者，烧灰和腊猪脂封之。
疔肿有根∶用大针刺作孔，削蔓荆根如针大，染铁生衣刺入孔中。再以蔓荆根、铁生衣
等分，捣涂于上。有脓出即易，须臾根出立瘥。忌油腻、生冷、五辛、粘滑、陈臭。（《肘
后》）。
乳痈寒热∶蔓荆根并叶，去土，不用水洗，以盐和捣涂之。热即换，不过三、五次即瘥。
冬月只用根。此方已救十数人。须避风。（李绛《兵部手集》）。
女子妒乳∶生蔓荆根捣，和盐、醋、浆水煮汁洗之，五、六度良。又捣∶和鸡子白封之
亦妙。（《食疗》）。
阴肿如斗∶生蔓荆根捣封之，治人所不能治者。（《集疗方》）
豌豆斑疮∶蔓荆根捣汁，挑疮研涂之。三食顷，根出矣。（《肘后方》）。
犬咬伤疮重发者∶用蔓荆根捣汁服之，佳。（《肘方》）。
小儿头秃∶芜菁叶烧灰，和脂敷之。（《千金》）。
飞丝入眼∶蔓荆菜揉烂帕包，滴汁三、两点，即出也。（《普济方》）
子
【气味】苦、辛，平，无毒。
【主治】明目（《别录》）。疗黄胆，利小便。水煮汁服，主症瘕积聚。少少饮汁，治霍
乱心腹胀。末服之，主目暗。为油入面膏，去黑 皱纹（苏恭）。和油敷蜘蛛咬（藏器）。压
油涂头，能变蒜发（孟诜）。入丸药服，令人肥健，尤宜妇人（萧炳）。
【发明】藏器曰∶《仙经》言∶蔓荆子，九蒸九曝，捣末长服，可断谷长生。蜘蛛咬者，
恐毒入内，捣末酒服，亦以油和敷之。蔓荆园中无蜘蛛，是其相畏也。
时珍曰∶蔓荆子，可升可降，能汗能吐，能下能利小便，又能明目解毒，其功甚伟，而
世罕知用之何哉？夏初采子，炒过榨油，同麻油炼熟一色无异，西人多食之。点灯甚明，但
烟亦损目。北魏祖 囚地窖中，因芜菁子油灯伤明，即此也。
【附方】旧十二，新十。
明目益气∶芜菁子一升，水九升，煮汁尽，晒干。如此三度，研细。水服方寸匕，日三。
亦可研水和米煮粥食。（《外台秘要》）
常服明目，使人洞视充肥∶用芜菁子三升，以苦酒三升，煮熟晒干，研筛末。以井华水
服方寸匕，日三，无所忌。《抱朴子》云∶服尽一斗，能夜视有所见物。（《千金方》）
青盲眼障，但瞳子不坏者，十得九愈∶用蔓荆子六升，蒸之气遍，合甑取下，以釜中热
汤淋之，乃曝干，还淋，如是三遍，即收杵为末。食上清酒服方寸匕，日再服。（崔元亮《海
上方》）。
虚劳目暗∶方同上法。（《普济方》）。
补肝明目∶芜菁子淘过一斤，黄精二斤同和，九蒸九晒为末。每空心米饮服二钱，日再
服。又方∶蔓荆子二升，决明子一升和匀，以酒五升煮干，曝为末。每服二钱，温水调下，
日二。（并《圣惠》）。
风邪攻目，视物不明，肝气虚者∶用蔓荆子四两（入瓷瓶中烧黑，无声取出），入蛇蜕
二两（又烧成灰）。为末。每服半钱，食后酒下，日三服。（《圣济总录》）。
服食辟谷∶芜菁子，熟时采之，水煮三过，令苦味尽，曝捣为末。每服二钱，温水下，
日三次。久可辟谷。（苏颂《图经本草》）。
黄汗染衣，涕唾皆黄∶用蔓荆子捣末，平旦以井华水服一匙，日再服。
加至两匙，以知为度。每夜以帛浸小便，逐日看之，渐白则瘥，不过服五升已来也。（《外
台秘要》）。
黄胆如金，睛黄，小便赤∶用生蔓荆子末，熟水服方寸匕，日三服。（《孙真人食忌》）。
急黄黄胆及内黄，腹结不通∶用蔓荆子捣末，水绞汁服。当得嚏，鼻中出黄水，及下利
则愈。以子压油，每服一盏更佳。（陈藏器《本草拾遗》）。
热黄便结∶用芜菁子捣末，水和绞汁服。少顷当泻一切恶物，沙、石、草、发并出。（孟
诜《食疗本草》）。
二便关格，胀闷欲绝∶蔓荆子油一合，空腹服之即通。通后汗出勿怪。（《圣惠方》）。
心腹作胀∶蔓荆子一大合，拣净捣烂，水一升和研，滤汁一盏，顿服。少顷自利，或自
吐，或得汗，即愈。（《外台秘要》）。
霍乱胀痛∶芜菁子，水煮汁，饮之。（《濒湖集简方》）。
妊娠溺涩∶芜菁子末，水服方寸匕，日二服。（《子母秘录》）。
风疹入腹，身体强，舌干硬∶用蔓荆子三两。为末。每温酒服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
瘭疽发热，疽着手、足、肩、背，累累如米起，色白，刮之汁出，复发热∶用芜菁子熟
捣帛裹，展转其上，日夜勿止。（《肘后方》）。
骨疽不愈∶愈而复发，骨从孔中出者。芜菁子，捣敷之，用帛裹定，日一易之。（《千
金方》）。
小儿头秃∶蔓荆子末，和酢敷之。一日三上。（《千金方》）。
眉毛脱落∶蔓荆子四两。炒研，醋和涂之。（《圣惠》）。
面 痣点∶蔓荆子研末，入面脂中，夜夜涂之。亦去面皱。（《圣惠方》）。
花
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】虚劳眼暗。久服长生，可夜读书。三月三日采花，阴干为末，每服二钱，空心
井华水下（慎微）。
【背景信息】
书名：本草纲目 作者：李时珍 朝代：明·万历六年 章节：芜菁 类别：本草
（《名医别录》列为上品）
【释名】蔓荆（《新修本草》）、九英菘（《食疗本草》）、诸葛菜。
陈藏器说：芜菁，北方人叫它蔓荆。现在并州、汾州及河朔一带的人烧煮食用它的根，称为“芜根”，这依然是芜菁的别名。芜菁是南北通用的名称。塞北、河西地区种植的，名叫九英蔓荆，也叫九英菘。其根叶长得大但味道不好，人们把它作为军粮。
刘禹锡说：《尔雅》记载：“须，就是葑。”《诗经·谷风》中说：“采葑采菲。”毛苌注释说：“葑，就是须。”孙炎说：“须，又名葑苁。”《礼记·坊记》注解说：“葑，就是蔓荆。”陈国、宋国之间称之为葑。
陆玑说：“葑，就是芜菁。”幽州人称之为芥。郭璞说：“葑芜像羊蹄草，叶子细，味道酸可食用。”扬雄《方言》说：“葑、荛，就是蔓荆。”
陈国、楚国称之为葑，齐国、鲁国称之为荛，关西称之为芜菁，赵国、魏国地区称之为大芥。那么葑、须、芜菁、蔓荆、葑芜、荛、芥，这七种名称其实是指同一种植物。
李时珍说：按孙炎的说法：“葑、蔓荆是幼苗。”这种说法很通顺。掌禹锡用“葑芜”来解释“蔓荆”，陈藏器认为“葑芜”是酸模，应当以陈藏器的说法为优。详见草部酸模条下。刘禹锡《嘉话录》记载：诸葛亮驻扎时，命令士兵只种植蔓荆，因为：第一，刚发芽时可以生吃；第二，叶子舒展后可以煮食；第三，长期居住则随其自然生长；第四，丢弃也不可惜；第五，返回时容易寻找和采摘；第六，冬天有根可以食用。比起其他蔬菜，它的益处非常广泛。至今蜀地人称呼它为诸葛菜，江陵也是如此。另外朱辅《溪蛮丛笑》记载：苗、僚、瑶、佬地方出产马王菜，味道涩且多刺，就是诸葛菜。相传是马殷遗留下来的，所以得名。另外蒙古人称呼它的根为沙吉木儿。
【集解】陶弘景说：《名医别录》将芜菁和芦菔（萝卜）列在同一条目中。芦菔就是现在的温菘（白菜的一种），其根可食用，叶子不能吃的。芜菁的根比温菘细而叶子像菘菜，好吃，西川地区只种植这种。它的种子与温菘的种子非常相似，但民间方剂中不使用，只有服食养生的人炼制后服用，而不提及芦菔子，恐怕是不使用的。俗人蒸食它的根或做成腌菜吃，只是略带一点烟熏臭味。
苏恭说：芜菁，北方人叫它蔓荆，根、叶及种子都是菘类，与芦菔完全不同，体性和用途也有差异。陶弘景说芜菁像芦菔，芦菔叶子不能吃，这是因为江表地区不产这两种物，导致道理丧失了真相。菘子的颜色是黑色的，蔓荆子是紫红色的，大小相似。芦菔子是黄赤色的，而且大数倍，且不圆。
马志说：蔓荆比芦菔的梗短而细，叶子大，连着地上生长，浓密宽阔短肥，颜色发红。
苏颂说：芜菁南北都有，北方土地尤其多。四季都有，春天吃苗，夏天吃心（也叫苔子），秋天吃茎，冬天吃根。河朔地区多种植，以备饥荒之年。蔬菜中最有益的就是这个了。它的种子在夏秋成熟时采集。
寇宗奭说：蔓荆，夏天就会枯死。在这个时候，菜园重新种植，叫做鸡毛菜。吃心，正是在春季。各种蔬菜中，有益无害，对世人有功。采摘剩下的，收集种子榨油，点灯非常明亮，西方人食用它。河东、太原出产的，根特别大，其他地方比不上。又出产于西番吐谷浑地区。
李枋说：叶子是蔓荆，根是芦菔。
李时珍说：《名医别录》将芜菁和芦菔列在同一条目，导致各种说法猜疑揣测。有的认为两种物是一种，有的认为两种物完全不同，有的认为在南边叫莱菔，在北边叫蔓荆，都没有定见。现在考察：两种物的根、叶、花、种子都不同，不是一类。蔓荆属于芥属，根长而白，味道辛苦且短，茎粗叶大而浓阔；夏初起苔，开黄花，四散如芥菜，结角也像芥菜，种子均匀圆润，像芥子但呈紫红色。芦菔属于菘属，根圆，也有长的，有红、白二色；味道辛甘且持久；叶子不太大且粗糙，也有花叶的；夏初起苔，开淡紫色花；结角像虫状，肚子大尾巴尖；种子像葫芦巴，不均匀不圆，呈黄赤色。这样区分开来，自然明白了。六月份种植的蔓荆，根大但叶子被虫蛀；八月份种植的，叶子美但根小；只有七月初种植的，根叶都好。打算售卖的纯种九英，九英根大味道短，削净做腌菜很好。现在燕京人用瓶子腌制收藏，称为闭瓮菜。
根叶
【气味】苦，温，无毒。李时珍说：辛、甘、苦。
寇宗奭说：多吃会动气。
【主治】利五脏，轻身益气，可以长期食用（《名医别录》）。
经常食用通畅中焦，使人肥壮健康（苏颂）。消食，下气治咳嗽，止消渴，去除心腹冷痛，以及热毒风肿，乳痈妒乳寒热（孟诜）。
【发明】孟诜说：九英菘出产于河西，叶子大根也粗长。和羊肉一起吃很美味，常吃都不见发病。冬天做成腌菜煮羹吃，消宿食，下气治咳嗽。各家商量它的性质寒冷，而《本草》说是温性，恐怕有误。
【附方】旧方七个，新方七个。
预防流行疫病：立春后遇到庚子日，温热蔓荆汁，全家老少一起服用，不限多少，一年可避免流行疫病。（《神仙教子法》）。
鼻出血：诸葛菜，生捣取汁饮用。（《十便良方》）。
醉酒不堪，连续几天病困：蔓荆菜，加入少量米煮熟，去渣，冷冻后饮用效果好。（《肘后备急方》）。
饮酒辟除酒气：干蔓荆根十四枚，蒸三次，碾成粉末。酒后用水送服二钱，就没有酒气了。（《千金方》）。
一切肿毒：孙真人食忌：生蔓荆根一把，加入少许盐花，一起捣烂敷贴，每天换三次。《肘后备急方》：用不被水污染的蔓荆叶，烧成灰混合腊月猪脂敷贴。
疔肿有根：用大针刺破成孔，削蔓荆根像针一样大，沾铁锈刺入孔中。再用蔓荆根、铁锈各等分，捣烂涂在上面。有脓流出就更换，一会儿根出来立刻痊愈。忌油腻、生冷、五辛、粘滑、陈臭。（《肘后方》）。
乳痈寒热：蔓荆根和叶，去土，不用水洗，用盐和捣烂敷贴。热了就换，不超过三、五次就痊愈。冬天只用根。此方已救活十几人。必须避风。（李绛《兵部手集》）。
女子妒乳：生蔓荆根捣烂，加盐、醋、浆水煮汁清洗，五、六次好。又捣烂：加鸡蛋清封贴也很好。（《食疗本草》）。
阴囊肿大如斗：生蔓荆根捣烂敷贴，治疗别人治不好的病。（《集疗方》）
豌豆斑疮：蔓荆根捣汁，挑破疮研涂。大约吃一顿饭的时间，根就出来了。（《肘后备急方》）。
狗咬伤疮复发：用蔓荆根捣汁服用，好。（《肘后方》）。
小儿头秃：芜菁叶烧成灰，和油脂敷贴。（《千金方》）。
飞丝入眼：蔓荆菜揉烂用帕子包，滴汁三、两点，丝就出来了。（《普济方》）
子
【气味】苦、辛，平，无毒。
【主治】明目（《名医别录》）。疗黄疸，利小便。水煮汁服用，主症瘕积聚。少量饮汁，治霍乱心腹胀。粉末服用，主目暗。制成油加入面膏，去黑斑皱纹（苏恭）。和油敷贴蜘蛛咬伤（陈藏器）。压榨油涂头，能变蒜发（孟诜）。入丸药服用，使人肥壮健康，尤其适宜妇女（萧炳）。
【发明】陈藏器说：《仙经》说：蔓荆子，九蒸九晒，捣末长期服用，可断谷长生。被蜘蛛咬伤，恐怕毒入体内，捣末酒服，也用油调和敷贴。蔓荆园中没有蜘蛛，这是它们相互畏惧的缘故。
李时珍说：蔓荆子，可升可降，能发汗能催吐，能泻下能利小便，又能明目解毒，功效很大，但世人很少知道使用它为什么呢？夏初采集种子，炒过后榨油，同麻油炼熟颜色无异，西方人多食用它。点灯非常明亮，但烟也损眼睛。北魏祖珽囚禁在地窖中，因芜菁子油灯伤眼，就是这个原因。
【附方】旧方十二个，新方十个。
明目益气：芜菁子一升，水九升，煮至汁尽，晒干。如此三次，研细。用水送服方寸匕，每天三次。也可以研碎和水和大米煮粥吃。（《外台秘要》）
常服明目，使人洞视充肥：用芜菁子三升，用醋三升，煮熟晒干，研筛成末。用井华水送服方寸匕，每天三次，没有禁忌。《抱朴子》说：服完一斗，能夜视有所见物。（《千金方》）
青盲眼障，只要瞳子没坏的，十人能愈九人：用蔓荆子六升，蒸到气遍，合上甑取下，用釜中热汤淋洗，然后晒干，再淋洗，如此三次，就收起来杵成末。饭后用清酒送服方寸匕，每天两次。（崔元亮《海上方》）。
虚劳目暗：方同上法。（《普济方》）。
补肝明目：芜菁子淘过一斤，黄精二斤混合，九蒸九晒成末。每次空腹米饮送服二钱，每天两次。又一方：蔓荆子二升，决明子一升混合均匀，用酒五升煮干，晒干成末。每次服二钱，温水调下，每天两次。（均出自《圣惠方》）。
风邪攻目，视物不明，肝气虚者：用蔓荆子四两（放入瓷瓶中烧黑，无声音取出），加入蛇蜕二两（又烧成灰）。成末。每次服半钱，饭后酒下，每天三次。（《圣济总录》）。
服食辟谷：芜菁子，成熟时采集，水煮三次，令苦味尽，晒干捣成末。每次服二钱，温水送下，每天三次。久服可辟谷。（苏颂《图经本草》）。
黄汗染衣，涕唾皆黄：用蔓荆子捣末，清晨用井华水送服一匙，每天两次。
加至两匙，以见效为度。每晚用帛浸小便，逐日看之，渐白则痊愈，不过服用五升以内。（《外台秘要》）。
黄疸如金，睛黄，小便赤：用生蔓荆子末，熟水送服方寸匕，每天三次。（《孙真人食忌》）。
急黄黄疸及内黄，腹结不通：用蔓荆子捣末，水绞汁服用。应当打喷嚏，鼻中出黄水，及腹泻则痊愈。用种子压油，每次服一盏更好。（陈藏器《本草拾遗》）。
热黄便结：用芜菁子捣末，水和绞汁服用。一会儿当泻出一切恶物，沙、石、草、发并出。（孟诜《食疗本草》）。
二便关格，胀闷欲绝：蔓荆子油一合，空腹服用即通。通后出汗不要奇怪。（《圣惠方》）。
心腹作胀：蔓荆子一大合，拣净捣烂，水一升和研，滤汁一盏，顿服。一会儿自利，或自吐，或得汗，即愈。（《外台秘要》）。
霍乱胀痛：芜菁子，水煮汁，饮用。（《濒湖集简方》）。
妊娠溺涩：芜菁子末，水送服方寸匕，每天两次。（《子母秘录》）。
风疹入腹，身体强，舌干硬：用蔓荆子三两。成末。每次温酒送服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
瘭疽发热，疽着手、足、肩、背，累累如米起，色白，刮之汁出，复发热：用芜菁子熟捣帛裹，展转其上，日夜勿止。（《肘后方》）。
骨疽不愈：愈而复发，骨从孔中出的。芜菁子，捣敷，用帛裹定，每天换一次。（《千金方》）。
小儿头秃：蔓荆子末，和醋敷贴。一天三次。（《千金方》）。
眉毛脱落：蔓荆子四两。炒研，醋和涂之。（《圣惠方》）。
面部黑痣点：蔓荆子研末，入面脂中，夜夜涂之。亦去面皱。（《圣惠方》）。
花
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】虚劳眼暗。久服长生，可夜读书。三月三日采花，阴干成末，每次服二钱，空腹井华水送下（慎微）。
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, 6th Year of Wanli
Chapter: Turnip (Wujing)
Category: Materia Medica
(Listed as Superior Grade in *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Man Jing (*Xin Ben Cao*), Jiu Ying Song (*Shi Liao*), Zhuge Cai.
Chen Cangqi stated: Wujing is called Man Jing by people in the North. Currently, in Bingzhou, Fenzhou, and the Heshuo region, people roast and eat its roots, calling it "Wugen," which remains an alias for Wujing. Wujing is a common name throughout the North and South. Those planted in the northern frontier and Hexi regions are named Jiuying Man Jing, also called Jiuying Song. Its roots and leaves grow large but taste poor, so people use it as military rations.
Liu Yuxi stated: *Erya* records: "Xu is Feng." The *Classic of Poetry · Gu Feng* says: "Gather Feng and Fei." Mao Chang's annotation states: "Feng is Xu." Sun Yan said: "Xu is also named Feng Cong." The annotation to *Book of Rites · Fang Ji* states: "Feng is Man Jing." It is called Feng between the states of Chen and Song.
Lu Ji stated: "Feng is Wujing." People in Youzhou call it Jie. Guo Pu stated: "Feng Wu resembles Rumex (Yangti), with fine leaves and an acidic taste suitable for eating." Yang Xiong's *Fangyan* states: "Feng, Rao, is Man Jing."
It is called Feng in Chen and Chu, Rao in Qi and Lu, Wujing in Guanxi, and Da Jie in the regions of Zhao and Wei. Therefore, Feng, Xu, Wujing, Man Jing, Feng Wu, Rao, and Jie are seven names for one substance.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Sun Yan: "Feng and Man Jing refer to the seedlings." This explanation is very logical. Zhang Yuxi interpreted Man Jing using Feng Wu, while Chen Cangqi believed Feng Wu was Rumex; Chen's view should be preferred. See details under Rumex in the Herb section. Liu Yuxi's *Jiahua Lu* records: When Zhuge Liang stationed his troops, he ordered soldiers to plant only Man Jing because: First, shoots can be eaten raw when just emerging; Second, leaves can be boiled and eaten when expanded; Third, if residing long-term, they grow naturally; Fourth, discarding them causes no loss; Fifth, they are easy to find and gather upon return; Sixth, roots are edible in winter. Compared to other vegetables, its benefits are extensive. To this day, people in Shu call it Zhuge Cai, as do those in Jiangling. Additionally, Zhu Fu's *Ximan Congxiao* records that the Miao, Liao, Yao, and Lao regions produce Ma Wang Cai, which tastes astringent and has many thorns; this is Zhuge Cai. Legend has it it was left behind by Ma Yin, hence the name. Mongols call its root "Shajimuer."
[Ji Jie / Collection and Explanation] Tao Hongjing stated: *Bie Lu* lists Wujing and Lufu (Radish) in the same entry. Lufu is the current Wen Song (a type of Chinese cabbage); its root is edible, but leaves are not. Wujing roots are thinner than Wen Song, and leaves resemble Song vegetables; they are delicious, and only this variety is grown in Western Sichuan. Its seeds are very similar to Wen Song seeds, but folk prescriptions do not use them; only those practicing dietary therapy refine and consume them, without mentioning Lufu seeds, suggesting they are unused. Common people steam the roots or make pickles, which merely have a slight smoky odor.
Su Gong stated: Wujing is called Man Jing in the North; roots, leaves, and seeds are all of the Song family, completely different from Lufu, with distinct properties and uses. Tao claimed Wujing resembles Lufu and Lufu leaves are inedible; this is because these two substances were not produced in the Jiangbiao region, leading to a loss of truth. Song seeds are black; Man Jing seeds are purple-red, similar in size. Lufu seeds are yellow-red, several times larger, and not round.
Ma Zhi stated: Man Jing stems are shorter and finer than Lufu, with larger leaves growing continuously above ground, dense, broad, short, fat, and red in color.
Su Song stated: Wujing is found both North and South, especially abundant in the North. Available year-round: spring shoots, summer hearts (also called Taizi), autumn stems, winter roots. Heshuo grows much of it to prepare for famine years. Among vegetables, none is more beneficial. Seeds are harvested in late summer and autumn.
Kou Zongshi stated: Man Jing withers in summer. At this time, vegetable gardens replant, called Jimao Cai. Eating the heart occurs in spring. Among all vegetables, it is beneficial without harm, contributing to society. Remaining harvests collect seeds for oil, which burns brightly for lamps and is consumed by Westerners. Those from Hedong and Taiyuan have exceptionally large roots, unmatched elsewhere. Also produced in the Tuyuhun region of Western Tibet.
Li Fang stated: Leaves are Man Jing, roots are Lufu.
Li Shizhen stated: *Bie Lu* listing Wujing and Lufu together caused speculation. Some considered them one substance, others entirely different, some saying Radish in the South and Man Jing in the North, lacking definite views. Now examining: their roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds differ; they are not one category. Man Jing belongs to the Brassica/Jie genus; roots are long and white, taste pungent-bitter and short-lived, stems thick, leaves large, dense, and broad; early summer shoots bolts, opens yellow flowers spreading like mustard, pods like mustard, seeds uniform and round, resembling mustard seeds but purple-red. Lufu belongs to the Brassica/Song genus; roots round, sometimes long, red or white; taste pungent-sweet and lasting; leaves not very large and rough, some with flower leaves; early summer shoots bolts, opens pale purple flowers; pods worm-like, belly big tail sharp; seeds like Fenugreek, uneven and not round, yellow-red. Distinguishing thus makes it clear. Man Jing planted in June has large roots but insect-eaten leaves; planted in August has beautiful leaves but small roots; only those planted early July have good roots and leaves. For sale, pure Jiuying is planted; Jiuying has large roots and short flavor, excellent when peeled for pickles. People in Yanjing pickle them in jars, called Biweng Cai.
Roots and Leaves
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, Warm, Non-toxic. Li Shizhen stated: Pungent, Sweet, Bitter.
Kou Zongshi stated: Excessive consumption moves Qi.
[Indications] Benefits the five zang organs, lightens the body and augments Qi, suitable for long-term consumption (*Bie Lu*).
Regular consumption unblocks the middle jiao, making one fat and healthy (Su Song). Digests food, directs Qi downward, treats cough, stops thirst, removes cold pain in the heart and abdomen, and treats heat-toxin wind swelling, breast abscess, and chills/fever associated with妒乳 (nursing issues) (Meng Shen).
[Invention/Fa Ming] Meng Shen stated: Jiuying Song originates from Hexi, with large leaves and coarse, long roots. Delicious when eaten with mutton; regular consumption prevents disease onset. In winter, made into pickles or soup, it digests retained food, directs Qi downward, and treats cough. Various scholars debated its cold nature, while *Bencao* states it is warm, which may be an error.
[Attached Prescriptions] Seven old, seven new.
Preventing Epidemic Diseases: On a Gengzi day after Start of Spring, warm Man Jing juice, and the whole family drinks it, unlimited amount, avoiding epidemics for a year (*Shenxian Jiaozi Fa*).
Nosebleed: Zhuge Cai, fresh crushed juice drunk (*Shibian Liangfang*).
Severe Intoxication, Bedridden for Days: Man Jing vegetable, cooked with a little rice, strained, and drunk chilled (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Dispelling Alcohol Odor: Dry Man Jing roots, fourteen pieces, steamed three times, powdered. Taken with water after drinking alcohol, eliminates odor (*Qianjin Fang*).
All Swellings and Toxicities: Sun Simiao's Dietary Taboo: Fresh Man Jing root, one handful, mixed with a little salt flower, crushed and applied, changed three times daily. *Zhouhou Fang*: Use Man Jing leaves not contaminated by water, burned to ash, mixed with lard from the twelfth lunar month, applied.
Carbuncle with Root: Pierce with a large needle to make a hole, shave Man Jing root to needle thickness, dip in iron rust, insert into hole. Then crush equal parts Man Jing root and iron rust, apply. Change when pus appears; root will emerge quickly, curing immediately. Avoid greasy, raw/cold, five pungents, sticky/smooth, and stale foods (*Zhouhou*).
Breast Abscess with Chills/Fever: Man Jing root and leaves, remove soil, do not wash with water, mix with salt, crush and apply. Change when hot; cures within 3-5 times. Winter use only root. This prescription saved over ten people. Avoid wind (*Libing Shouji*).
Women's Nursing Issues (Du Ru): Fresh Man Jing root crushed, mixed with salt, vinegar, and fermented grain water juice for washing, 5-6 times effective. Alternatively, crush and mix with egg white for application (*Shiliao*).
Yin Swelling like a Bean Bag: Fresh Man Jing root crushed and applied, treating what others cannot (*Jiliao Fang*).
Smallpox/Rash: Man Jing root crushed for juice, puncture rash, grind and apply. Within one meal time, root emerges (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Dog Bite Wound Recurrence: Man Jing root crushed for juice, taken orally, effective (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Childhood Bald Scalp: Wujing leaves burned to ash, mixed with fat for application (*Qianjin Fang*).
Flying Thread in Eye: Man Jing vegetable rubbed soft, wrapped in cloth, drip 2-3 drops of juice, thread exits (*Puji Fang*).
Seeds
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Brightens eyes (*Bie Lu*). Treats jaundice, promotes urination. Decocted juice treats masses and accumulations. Small amounts treat cholera with abdominal distension. Powder treats dim vision. Oil added to face cream removes dark spots and wrinkles (Su Gong). Mixed with oil for spider bites (Chen Cangqi). Pressed oil applied to head changes garlic hair (Meng Shen). Taken in pills, makes one fat and healthy, especially suitable for women (Xiao Bing).
[Invention/Fa Ming] Chen Cangqi stated: *Xian Jing* says: Man Jing seeds, nine steams and nine sun-dries, powdered for long-term use, enables fasting and longevity. For spider bites, fearing toxin entry, take powder with wine, or mix with oil for application. No spiders exist in Man Jing gardens, indicating mutual aversion.
Li Shizhen stated: Man Jing seeds can ascend or descend, induce sweating or vomiting, purgation or diuresis, and brighten eyes and detoxify; its merit is great, yet rarely used by the world. Why? Seeds collected early summer, fried, pressed for oil, identical in color to sesame oil after refining, consumed by Westerners. Burns brightly for lamps, but smoke harms eyes. Zu Ting of Northern Wei was imprisoned in a cellar and blinded by Wujing seed oil lamp, referring to this.
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old, ten new.
Brighten Eyes and Augment Qi: One sheng Wujing seeds, nine sheng water, boil until juice exhausted, dry. Repeat three times, powder. Take one fangcun bi with water, three times daily. Can also mix with water and cook porridge (*Waitai Mi Yao*).
Regular Use for Vision and Plumpness: Three sheng Wujing seeds, three sheng vinegar, boil dry, powder. Take one fangcun bi with well water at dawn, three times daily, no restrictions. *Baopuzi* says: Consuming one dou allows night vision (*Qianjin Fang*).
Congenital Blindness with Cataracts (Pupil Intact): Nine out of ten heal. Six sheng Man Jing seeds, steam thoroughly, remove from steamer, pour hot water from pot over them, dry, repeat three times, powder. Take one fangcun bi with clear wine before meals, twice daily (*Haishang Fang*).
Deficiency Consumption with Dim Vision: Same method as above (*Puji Fang*).
Tonify Liver and Brighten Eyes: One jin washed Wujing seeds, two jin Huangjing, mix, nine steams nine dries, powder. Take two qian on empty stomach with rice drink, twice daily. Another formula: Two sheng Man Jing seeds, one sheng Cassiae Semen, mix, boil dry with five sheng wine, powder. Take two qian with warm water, twice daily (*Shenghui Fang*).
Wind Evil Attacking Eyes, Blurred Vision, Liver Qi Deficiency: Four liang Man Jing seeds (burn black in porcelain jar until silent), two liang Snake Slough (burn to ash), powder. Take half qian after meals with wine, three times daily (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Dietary Fasting: Harvest ripe Wujing seeds, boil water three times until bitterness gone, dry and powder. Take two qian with warm water, three times daily. Long-term use enables fasting (*Tujing Bencao*).
Yellow Sweat Staining Clothes, Yellow Snot/Saliva: Man Jing seed powder, one spoon with well water at dawn, twice daily.
Increase to two spoons until effective. Soak silk in urine nightly, check daily; turns white then cured, within five sheng total (*Waitai Mi Yao*).
Golden Jaundice, Yellow Eyes, Red Urine: Raw Man Jing seed powder, one fangcun bi with cooked water, three times daily (*Sun Simiao Shiji*).
Acute Jaundice/Internal Jaundice, Abdominal Blockage: Man Jing seed powder, water-pressed juice, taken. Expect sneezing, yellow water from nose, and diarrhea for cure. Seed oil, one cup per dose better (*Bencao Shiyi*).
Heat Jaundice with Constipation: Wujing seed powder, water-pressed juice, taken. Soon expels all evil matter, sand, stones, grass, hair (*Shiliao Bencao*).
Obstruction of Bowel/Bladder, Severe Distension: One he of Man Jing seed oil, taken on empty stomach, unblocks. Sweating after unblocking is normal (*Shenghui Fang*).
Abdominal Distension: One dahe Man Jing seeds, clean and crush, one sheng water, grind, filter one zhan juice, take once. Soon self-purgation, vomiting, or sweating cures (*Waitai Mi Yao*).
Cholera Pain/Distension: Wujing seeds, water decoction, drunk (*Binhu Jifang*).
Pregnancy Dysuria: Wujing seed powder, one fangcun bi with water, twice daily (*Zimu Milu*).
Wind Rash Entering Abdomen, Stiff Body, Dry/Hard Tongue: Three liang Man Jing seeds, powder. One qian with warm wine (*Shenghui Fang*).
Phlegmon with Fever, Affecting Hands/Feet/Shoulders/Back, Rice-like Nodules, White Color, Oozing Fluid, Recurrent Fever: Cooked Wujing seeds crushed, wrapped in silk, roll over affected area, day and night without stopping (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Bone Abscess Not Healing: Recurring, bone protruding from hole. Wujing seeds crushed and applied, wrapped in silk, changed daily (*Qianjin Fang*).
Childhood Bald Scalp: Man Jing seed powder, mixed with vinegar, applied. Three times daily (*Qianjin Fang*).
Eyebrow Loss: Four liang Man Jing seeds. Fried and ground, mixed with vinegar, applied (*Shenghui Fang*).
Facial Moles/Spots: Man Jing seed powder, mixed into face fat, applied nightly. Also removes facial wrinkles (*Shenghui Fang*).
Flowers
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Deficiency consumption with dim vision. Long-term use enables longevity and reading at night. Harvest flowers on March 3rd, shade-dry, powder. Take two qian on empty stomach with well water (Shen Wei).