\r杏核仁\pj370.bmp\r
味甘、苦，气温。可升可降，阴中阳也。有小毒。树种山傍园侧，（家园种者妙，
山杏不堪用。）实结生青熟黄。五月摘收，堪为果品。凡资拯治，惟取核仁。所恶药有三般
，黄 黄芩干葛。解锡毒，得火良。单仁者泡去皮尖，麸炒入药；双仁者惟堪毒狗，误服杀
人。专入太阴肺经，乃为利下之剂。除胸中气逆喘促，止咳嗽坠痰；润大肠气闭便难，逐贲
豚散结。研纳女人阴户，又治发痒虫疽。根主堕胎，花治厥逆。实啖多瞀，
伤筋骨伤神。叶
逢端午采收，煎汤洗眼止泪。
（谟）按∶东垣云∶杏仁下喘，用治气也。桃仁疗狂，用治血也。俱治大便闭燥，但有
气血之
分。昼则便难，行阳气也；夜则便难，行阴血也。年高人便闭，不可泄者。脉浮在气，宜杏
仁陈皮治之；脉沉在血，宜桃仁陈皮治之。所以俱用陈皮者，以其手阳明病与手太阴相为表
里，故用之以为使也。
\r木瓜实\pj371.bmp\r
味酸，气温。无毒。各处俱产，宣州独良。经入手太阴，用之勿犯铁器。气脱能固
，气滞能和。平胃以滋脾，益肺而去湿。助谷气，调荣卫，除霍乱，止转筋。（凡转筋时，
但呼其名及书木瓜字于病处皆愈，莫晓其义。）香港脚能驱，水痢可禁。《衍义》云∶木瓜得
木之正，故入肝益筋与血。腰背脚膝无力，不可缺也。以铅霜涂之，则失酸味，受金之制故
尔。枝大者可作策杖，木干者堪造桶盆。取根叶煎汤，淋足胫已厥。
杏核仁
味甘、苦，气温。具有升散和降泄的作用，属于阴中寓阳之品。有小毒。杏树多种植于山边或园子旁边，（家园种植的杏树所产者效果更佳，山杏不堪药用。）果实初结时呈青色，成熟后变黄。五月采摘收获，可作为果品食用。凡是用于救治治疗，只取其中的核仁。杏仁畏忌的药物有三种：黄芩、干葛。能解锡毒，用火加热后疗效更好。单仁的杏仁需浸泡后去皮尖，用麦麸炒制后入药；双仁的杏仁只能用来毒狗，如果误服会杀人。杏仁专入太阴肺经，是通利下焦的药剂。能消除胸中气逆导致的喘促，止咳并坠痰；润大肠以缓解气闭引起的排便困难，驱除贲豚症并消散结聚。研碎后纳入女性阴道，又可治疗瘙痒和虫疽。杏根主要作用是堕胎，杏花治疗厥逆证。果实吃多了会导致头晕目眩，损伤筋骨和精神。叶子逢端午节采收，煎汤洗眼可止泪。
（陈嘉谟）按语∶东垣先生说∶杏仁用于降喘，是治疗气分病。桃仁用于治疗狂躁，是治疗血分病。两者都能治疗大便闭塞干燥，但分别针对气和血的区别。白天排便困难，属阳气运行不畅；夜晚排便困难，属阴血运行不畅。老年人便秘，不可使用泻下法。脉浮在气分，宜用杏仁、陈皮治疗；脉沉在血分，宜用桃仁、陈皮治疗。之所以都使用陈皮，是因为手阳明大肠经与手太阴肺经互为表里，所以用陈皮作为引经使药。
木瓜实
味酸，气温。无毒。各地都有出产，宣州产的最好。归入手太阴肺经，使用时不要接触铁器。气脱时能固摄，气滞时能调和。平抑胃气以滋养脾脏，补益肺气并去除湿气。助长谷气，调和营卫，治疗霍乱，停止转筋。（凡是在发生转筋时，只要呼喊其名字或在患处书写“木瓜”二字即可痊愈，不知其中道理。）能驱除香港脚（脚气），制止水痢。《衍义》说∶木瓜得木之正气，所以入肝而益筋与血。腰背脚膝无力，不可缺少的药物。如果用铅霜涂抹它，就会失去酸味，这是受到金（金属/铅霜属金）制约的缘故。枝条大的可以制作拐杖，木质坚硬的可以用来制造桶盆。取根叶煎汤，淋洗足胫以治疗厥冷。
Apricot Kernel (Xing Ren)
Sweet and bitter in flavor, warm in nature. Capable of ascending and descending, it belongs to the category of yang within yin. It possesses slight toxicity. The apricot tree is often planted near mountains or beside gardens; those grown in home gardens are superior, whereas wild mountain apricots are unsuitable for medicinal use. The fruit is green when unripe and turns yellow when ripe. Harvested in May, it can be consumed as a fruit. For therapeutic purposes, only the kernel from the pit is used. It is incompatible with three herbs: Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gan Ge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix). It can detoxify tin poisoning, and its efficacy is enhanced by heating. Single-kernel apricots should be soaked, peeled, and the tips removed, then stir-fried with wheat bran before being used in prescriptions; double-kernel apricots are only suitable for poisoning dogs, and accidental ingestion by humans can be fatal. Apricot kernel specifically enters the Taiyin Lung Meridian and serves as an agent for promoting downward movement. It eliminates qi rebellion causing asthma and shortness of breath, stops coughing and resolves phlegm; moistens the large intestine to relieve constipation due to qi stagnation, and expels Ben Tun (a condition characterized by a sensation of gas rushing upward) while dissipating nodules. When ground and applied intravaginally, it treats pruritus and insect-related sores. The root primarily induces abortion, and the flower treats Jue Ni (cold extremities/reversal cold). Consuming too many fruits causes dizziness, damaging the sinews, bones, and spirit. Leaves harvested on the Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu) can be decocted to wash the eyes and stop tearing.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Dongyuan stated that Apricot Kernel is used to descend asthma, treating Qi disorders. Peach Kernel is used to treat mania, treating Blood disorders. Both treat constipation and dryness, but differ in their targeting of Qi versus Blood. Difficulty defecating during the day relates to Yang Qi dysfunction; difficulty defecating at night relates to Yin Blood dysfunction. In elderly patients with constipation, purgative methods should not be used. If the pulse is floating, indicating a Qi-level issue, Apricot Kernel and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) should be used; if the pulse is deep, indicating a Blood-level issue, Peach Kernel and Chenpi should be used. Chenpi is included in both formulas because the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian are exterior-interior paired meridians, thus Chenpi serves as a guiding herb.
Quince Fruit (Mu Gua Shi)
Sour in flavor, warm in nature. Non-toxic. Produced everywhere, but the variety from Xuanzhou is the best. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. When using it, avoid contact with iron vessels. It can consolidate Qi when there is Qi collapse and harmonize Qi when there is Qi stagnation. It calms the Stomach to nourish the Spleen, benefits the Lungs, and removes Dampness. It assists Gu Qi (Grain Qi), harmonizes Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), treats Huo Luan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea), and stops muscle cramps. (It is said that during muscle cramps, simply calling out its name or writing the character "Mu Gua" on the affected area will cure it, though the reason is unknown.) It can驱除 Hong Kong Jiao (foot disease/gout), and stop watery dysentery. Yan Yi states: Quince obtains the upright energy of Wood, thus entering the Liver to benefit sinews and blood. It is indispensable for weakness in the lower back, back, feet, and knees. If coated with Qianshuang (Lead Frost), it loses its sour taste because it is controlled by Metal (as lead belongs to Metal). Large branches can be made into walking sticks, and hard wood can be used to make buckets and basins. Decocting the roots and leaves to wash the feet and shins can treat Jue (cold limbs).