皆揭两石中取之。（承） 膏之凝者曰脂。此物性粘。固济炉鼎甚良。盖兼体用而名也。
（濒湖） 今人惟用赤白二脂。余三色无正用。但黑石脂入画眉耳。（贞白）
五种气味。俱甘平。各随五色补五脏。治黄胆泻痢。肠 脓血。阴蚀。下血赤白。久服
补髓益气。肥健不饥。膏释脂凝。皆肌肉中液也。肌肉有余则其气扬于外。凝中大有不凝义。
世人止知固济。未尽石脂大体。三复本经自见。（不远）赤石脂 赤白皆以理腻粘舌缀唇
者为上。（宗 ） 赤者色如绛滑如脂者良。
味甘酸辛。气大温。气薄味浓。降而能收。阳中阴也。入手阳明大肠。兼入手足少阴经。
主养心气。益精神。五脏虚乏。疗腹痛肠 。下痢赤白。小便利。收脱肛。并女子崩中漏下。
难产。胞衣不出。久服补髓。好颜色。益智不饥。白石脂 味甘酸辛。气温平。性入同赤脂。
主养肺气。浓肠。补骨髓。疗五脏惊悸不足。心下烦。止腹痛。下水。小肠 。热溏。便脓
血。入大肠。止泻更良。并治女子崩中漏下。赤白淫。赤白石脂。俱阳中之阴。甘酸而固脱。
（洁白） 其固肠胃。有收敛之能。而下胎衣。无推荡之峻。（东垣） 赤入丙。白入庚。（海
藏） 三石脂皆手足阳明药。味甘气温。体重性涩。涩而重。故能收湿止血而固下。甘而温。
故能益气生肌而调中。中者肠胃肌肉惊悸黄胆是也。下者肠 泄痢崩带失精是也。赤白二种。
一入气分。一入血分。故时用尚之。（濒湖）涩可去脱。凡大小肠下后虚脱。非涩剂无以固
之。故石脂主肠 冷痢。及女子崩漏之病。顾何以又主难产下胞衣。因其体重下降。而酸辛
能化恶血。恶血化则胞胎无阻滞之患。东垣所谓胞衣不出。涩剂可以下之。此之谓也。凡久
泻下焦虚脱。其他固涩之药。性多轻浮。不能达下。惟石脂体重而涩。直入下焦阴分。故为
要药。（仲淳） 反胃吐食。上好赤石脂为末。蜜丸梧子大。每空心姜汤下一二十丸。先以
津吞巴豆仁一枚。勿令破。后乃服药。痰饮吐水无时。此缘饮冷过度。脾胃气弱。不能消化。
饮食入胃。变成冷水。反吐不停。赤石脂散主之。赤石脂一斤捣筛。服方寸匕。饮酒自任。
稍加至三七服。尽一斤则终身不吐痰水。又不下利。病患虚者宜之。心痛彻背。赤石脂干姜
蜀椒各四分。附子炮二分。乌头炮一分。为末。蜜丸梧子大。先食。服一丸。不住。稍增之。
须知心痛彻背。皆太阳寒水上凌。非泛泛心痛之谓。经水过多。赤石脂破故纸一两。为末。
每服三钱。米饮下。
〔论〕 石脂五色。各养五脏之气。而补髓之用。别录独以青白赤者当之。盖石中之脂。
如骨中之髓。故揭两石中取此。必以粘缀唇舌者为上。内经曰。人始生。先成精。精成而脑
髓生。然则髓者精气之所化。气化之所凝。从阴中蓄阳。故上归于脑。本经取其补髓。非取
其精气所化。气化所凝。如阴中蓄阳。以化而能归于凝。凝而未离于化者乎。（若是则焉得
以涩能固脱尽之）今所用石脂。惟赤者居多。以其甘温合而得阳之化。又酸辛合而能散能收
也。历观方书诸证之治。凡取其收涩者。未尝不有化之用存于其中。就以泻痢一证而言。如
寒者温药散之。既借此以化血分之凝。而即为收涩。即热者用寒药祛热。而亦不舍此味。盖
恐寒剂与热乖忤。更借此气化者。引寒导热。是亦因化为收也。明于一证之寒热皆宜。可推
类以尽他证矣。又本经言其补髓。即继之以益气。不可谓其专入血分。但属血分之病。由阳
中之阴能行其化耳。盖阳中之阴能行其化。是即可以益精而化髓。髓盈而气益盛矣。方书有
专取其补髓益气者。如养气丹震灵丹可据也。兹味非取其能收。盖取其精气之所化。而得化
之精气。有若凝为脂者。以对待涣散之气。不能翕聚以为病者。是则犹非取其脂也。取其化
脂之气。能为涣散之气用耳。即其能疗腹痛肠 下利。可以思能化能收之功。不然腹痛 利。
可仅仅以收为功也乎。即此以推。则其治女子崩漏。真是妙剂。盖崩漏虽多属虚。然有挟瘀
者。或有挟热者。此味可投之咸宜矣。本草别录本其精气之所凝为脂。遂明其有补髓之功。
修真者云。气盛则精盈。兹品由气化而脂凝。非由气盛精盈之义乎。经云。精成而脑髓生。
故别录首言益精。而后云久服补髓也。又本草别录。首云养心气。次即言益精。（心属阳中
之太阳。虽离中有坎。而阳实其主也。故曰养心气。肾属阴中之至阴。虽坎中有离。而阴实
其主也。故曰益精。）人身坎离交媾之乡。阴阳非涣然二也。修真者曰。气盛则精盈。精盈
则气盛。是精与气合一之义。心肾第为主耳。不得以气专属心。精专属肾也。赤石脂能于阳
中行阴之化以下归。即于阴中致阳之化以上济。阴阳不忒。而精乃益。甄氏故谓补五脏虚乏
云。
缪氏。火热暴注者不宜。滞下非的受寒邪。下利白积者。不宜。
〔修治〕 凡使研如粉。新汲水飞过三次。晒干用。（ ） 亦有火 水飞者。（濒湖）
（成无己注）都是从两种石脂中选取的。（成无己注）膏状凝结而成的称为脂。这种物质性质粘腻，用来密封炉鼎非常良好。这大概是兼取体用而命名的吧。
（李时珍注）现在人们只使用赤、白两种脂，其余三种颜色没有固定的用途。只是黑石脂用于画眉。（贞白注）五种颜色的石脂，气味都是甘平。各自随着五色补益五脏。治疗黄疸、泄泻痢疾、肠中脓血、阴部蚀烂、便下赤白脓血。长期服用能补髓益气，使身体肥壮健旺且不感到饥饿。膏化开、脂凝结，都是肌肉中的津液。肌肉有余则其气扬散于外，在凝结之中大有不凝结的含义。世人只知道它能固涩密封，没有完全了解石脂的大体功效。反复研读《本经》自然可见。（不远注）赤石脂 赤色和白色的都以质地细腻粘舌、粘连嘴唇的为上品。（宗注）赤色的像绛红色，滑润如脂的为良。
味甘、酸、辛。气大温。气薄味浓，具有降敛的作用，属于阳中之阴。入足阳明大肠经，兼入手少阴心经和足少阴肾经。主要滋养心气，益精神。治疗五脏虚乏，腹痛肠鸣，下痢赤白，小便通利，收敛脱肛，以及女子崩中漏下、难产、胞衣不下。长期服用能补髓，使面色好，益智且不饥饿。白石脂 味甘、酸、辛。气温平。药性同赤石脂。主要滋养肺气，厚肠胃，补骨髓。治疗五脏惊悸不足，心下烦闷，止腹痛，利水，小肠热溏，便脓血。入大肠经，止泻效果更好。并治疗女子崩中漏下，赤白带下。赤石脂和白石脂，都属于阳中之阴，味甘酸而能固脱。
（洁白注）它们固护肠胃，有收敛的功能，而下胎衣却没有推荡的峻烈之性。（李东垣注）赤石脂入丙火（小肠），白石脂入庚金（大肠）。（张元素注）这三种石脂都是手足阳明经的药物，味甘气温，体重性涩。因为涩且重，所以能收湿止血而固摄下部；因为甘而温，所以能益气生肌而调和中焦。中焦指的是肠胃、肌肉、惊悸、黄疸等病证；下焦指的是肠鸣泄痢、崩带、失精等病证。赤、白两种，一种入气分，一种入血分，所以时常被推崇使用。（李时珍注）涩可以去除滑脱。凡是大小肠下利后出现的虚脱，不用涩剂无法固摄。所以石脂主治肠鸣冷痢，以及女子崩漏之病。为何又主治难产下胞衣呢？因为其体重下降，而酸辛能化解恶血，恶血化解则胞胎没有阻滞的隐患。李东垣所说的“胞衣不出，涩剂可以下之”，就是这个意思。凡是久泻导致下焦虚脱，其他固涩药物，性质多轻浮，不能到达下部，只有石脂体重而涩，直入下焦阴分，所以是重要药物。（赵献可注）反胃吐食，用好赤石脂研为末，蜜丸如梧桐子大，每次空腹时用姜汤送服一二十丸。先含吞巴豆仁一枚，不要咬破，然后再服药。痰饮吐水无定时，这是因为过度饮用冷水，脾胃气弱，不能消化，饮食入胃变成冷水，反而不停呕吐。用赤石脂散主治。赤石脂一斤捣碎过筛，每次服一方寸匕的量，饮酒随意，逐渐增加到三七次，服完一斤则终身不再吐痰水，也不腹泻。体质虚弱者适宜此法。心痛彻背，赤石脂、干姜、蜀椒各四分，附子炮制二分，乌头炮制一分，研为末，蜜丸如梧桐子大，饭前服用一丸，若无效，稍增加剂量。须知心痛彻背，都是太阳寒水上凌所致，不是普通的心痛。月经量过多，赤石脂、破故纸一两，研为末，每次服三钱，米饮送下。
〔论〕 石脂有五色，各养五脏之气，而补髓的功效另有记载。《别录》唯独以青、白、赤三种来对应。大概是因为石中之脂，如同骨中之髓，所以强调从两种石中取得，必须以粘缀唇舌者为上品。《内经》说：人始生，先成精，精成而脑髓生。既然这样，那么髓就是精气所化，气化所凝，从阴中蓄积阳气，所以上归于脑。《本经》取其补髓，并非仅取其精气所化、气化所凝，而是取其如阴中蓄阳，以化而能归于凝，凝而未离于化的特性。（如果是这样，怎么能只用涩能固脱来概括它呢？）现在所用的石脂，以赤色居多，因为它甘温合而得阳之化，又酸辛合而能散能收。纵观方书诸证的治疗，凡是取其收涩作用的，未尝不在其中存有“化”的作用。就以泻痢一证而言，如寒者用温药散之，借此以化血分之凝，即为收涩；即热者用寒药祛热，也不舍弃此味。恐怕寒剂与热邪乖忤，更借此气化者，引寒导热，这也是因化为收。明白了一证之寒热皆宜，可类推其他证候。另外《本经》言其补髓，紧接着就说益气，不可谓其专入血分，只是属于血分的病，由阳中之阴能行其化罢了。盖阳中之阴能行其化，这就是可以益精而化髓，髓盈而气益盛了。方书中有专门取其补髓益气的，如养气丹、震灵丹可依据。此味并非取其能收，而是取其精气之所化，而得到化之精气，有若凝为脂者，以对待涣散之气，不能翕聚以为病者，这是还不算取其脂，而是取其化脂之气，能为涣散之气所用耳。即其能疗腹痛肠鸣下利，可以思考其能化能收之功，不然腹痛下利，仅仅以收为功吗？由此推断，则其治女子崩漏，真是妙剂。盖崩漏虽多属虚，但有挟瘀者，或有挟热者，此味投之咸宜。《本草别录》本其精气之所凝为脂，遂明其有补髓之功。修真者说：气盛则精盈。此品由气化而脂凝，不是由气盛精盈之义吗？经云：精成而脑髓生。所以《别录》首言益精，而后云久服补髓也。又《本草别录》，首云养心气，次即言益精。（心属阳中之太阳，虽离中有坎，而阳实其主也，故曰养心气。肾属阴中之至阴，虽坎中有离，而阴实其主也，故曰益精。）人身坎离交媾之乡，阴阳非涣然二也。修真者曰：气盛则精盈，精盈则气盛。是精与气合一之义。心肾第为主耳，不得以气专属心，精专属肾也。赤石脂能于阳中行阴之化以下归，即于阴中致阳之化以上济，阴阳不忒，而精乃益。甄氏故谓补五脏虚乏云。
缪希雍认为：火热暴注者不宜。滞下非的受寒邪，下利白积者，不宜。
〔修治〕 凡使用需研如粉，新汲水飞过三次，晒干用。（佚名注）也有用火煅后水飞的方法。（李时珍注）
(Cheng Wuji's commentary) They are selected from two types of stone greases. (Cheng Wuji's commentary) The substance that congeals into a paste is called "Zhi" (Stone Grease). This material has a sticky nature and is excellent for sealing furnaces and tripods. This name likely derives from combining its substance and function.
(Li Shizhen's commentary) Nowadays, people only use the red and white varieties; the other three colors have no standard usage. However, black stone grease is used for painting eyebrows. (Zhenbai's commentary) The five colors of stone grease all have a sweet and neutral taste. Each corresponds to the five colors to tonify the respective Zang organs. It treats jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal pus and blood, genital erosion, and passage of red and white discharge. Long-term consumption tonifies marrow, benefits Qi, makes the body robust and healthy, and suppresses hunger. When the paste liquefies and the grease congeals, both are fluids from the muscles. When muscles are abundant, their Qi spreads outward; within the congealed state lies the meaning of non-congealment. People only know it for sealing and astringing, failing to grasp the broader efficacy of stone grease. Repeatedly studying the *Shennong Bencao Jing* will reveal this. (Bu Yuan's commentary) Red Stone Grease: Both red and white varieties are considered superior if they are fine, sticky to the tongue, and adhere to the lips. (Zong's commentary) Red ones that are like crimson and smooth as grease are good.
It tastes sweet, sour, and acrid. Its nature is greatly warm. Its Qi is thin but its flavor is strong; it descends and collects, belonging to Yin within Yang. It enters the Foot-Yangming Large Intestine meridian and also the Hand-Shaoyin Heart and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridians. It primarily nourishes Heart Qi and benefits spirit. It treats deficiency and exhaustion of the Five Zang organs, abdominal pain with intestinal rumbling, dysentery with red and white discharge, frequent urination, prolapsed rectum, and in women, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, difficult labor, and retained placenta. Long-term consumption tonifies marrow, improves complexion, enhances wisdom, and suppresses hunger. White Stone Grease: It tastes sweet, sour, and acrid. Its temperature is neutral. Its properties are similar to Red Stone Grease. It primarily nourishes Lung Qi, thickens the intestines, and tonifies bone marrow. It treats palpitations and insufficiency due to fright in the Five Zang organs, epigastric vexation, abdominal pain, promotes urination, heat-induced loose stools in the Small Intestine, and passage of pus and blood in stool. Entering the Large Intestine meridian, it is even better at stopping diarrhea. It also treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and red/white vaginal discharge in women. Both Red and White Stone Grease belong to Yin within Yang; their sweet and sour flavors help consolidate and prevent leakage.
(Baijie's commentary) They protect the stomach and intestines with astringent capabilities, yet unlike harsh purgatives, they do not forcefully expel the placenta. (Li Dongyuan's commentary) Red enters Bing Fire (Small Intestine); White enters Geng Metal (Large Intestine). (Zhang Yuansu's commentary) All three stone greases are medicines for the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians. They taste sweet and are warm in nature, heavy in weight, and astringent in property. Because they are astringent and heavy, they can collect dampness, stop bleeding, and secure the lower jiao. Because they are sweet and warm, they can benefit Qi, generate flesh, and regulate the middle jiao. The "middle" refers to disorders of the stomach, intestines, muscles, palpitations, and jaundice. The "lower" refers to intestinal rumbling, diarrhea, dysentery, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and seminal emission. The red and white varieties differ in that one enters the Qi level and the other the Blood level; hence, both are frequently valued. (Li Shizhen's commentary) Astringency removes slippage. For any deficiency collapse after diarrhea or dysentery involving the large or small intestine, without astringent agents, there is no way to secure it. Thus, stone grease treats cold dysentery with intestinal rumbling, and metrorrhagia/leukorrhea in women. Why does it also treat difficult labor and expulsion of the placenta? Because its weight causes it to descend, while its sour and acrid qualities transform evil blood. Once evil blood is transformed, the fetus and placenta face no obstruction. This is what Li Dongyuan meant by saying "for retained placenta, astringents can induce delivery." For chronic diarrhea leading to lower jiao deficiency collapse, other astringent drugs tend to be light and floating, unable to reach the lower part. Only stone grease, being heavy and astringent, penetrates directly into the Yin aspect of the lower jiao, making it an essential medicine. (Zhao Xianke's commentary) For regurgitation and vomiting food, take high-quality Red Stone Grease, powder it, and make pills the size of wu zi (loquat seeds) with honey. Take 10-20 pills on an empty stomach with ginger decoction. First, swallow one kernel of Crotonis Fructus Semen (Ba Dou) whole without breaking it, then take the medicine. For phlegm-fluid retention causing constant vomiting of water, this occurs due to excessive consumption of cold drinks weakening Spleen and Stomach Qi, preventing digestion. Food entering the stomach turns into cold water and is vomited continuously. Treat with Chi Shi Zhi San. Take one jin of Red Stone Grease, crush and sieve it. Take one cun bi (square-inch spoonful), drink alcohol as desired, gradually increasing to 3-7 doses. After finishing one jin, one will never again vomit phlegm-fluid nor suffer diarrhea. Suitable for deficient patients. For heart pain radiating to the back, take equal parts (4 fen) of Red Stone Grease, Dried Ginger, and Sichuan Pepper, 2 fen of processed Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fu Zi), and 1 fen of processed Aconiti Radix (Wu Tou). Powder them, make pills the size of wu zi with honey. Take one pill before meals. If ineffective, slightly increase the dose. Note that heart pain radiating to the back is caused by Cold Water of the Taiyang ascending to overwhelm; it is not ordinary heart pain. For excessive menstrual flow, take one liang each of Red Stone Grease and Psoraleae Fructus (Po Gu Zhi), powder them, and take 3 qian per dose with rice water.
[Discussion] The five colors of stone grease each nourish the Qi of the Five Zang organs, while the benefit to marrow is recorded separately. *Bencao Bie Lu* specifically attributes this to Green, White, and Red varieties. This is because the grease within the stone is like the marrow within the bone; thus, it emphasizes obtaining it from stones, prioritizing those that adhere to the lips and tongue. The *Neijing* states: "When humans begin to form, Essence forms first; when Essence is formed, Brain and Marrow arise." Therefore, marrow is transformed from Essence and condensed from Qi, storing Yang within Yin, so it ascends to the brain. The *Bencao Jing* values it for tonifying marrow, not merely for being transformed essence/condensed qi, but for its ability to store Yang within Yin, transforming into congealment, where congealment does not depart from transformation. (If this were the case, how could we define it solely by astringency securing leakage?) Currently used stone grease is mostly red, because its sweet and warm nature obtains the transformation of Yang, and its sour and acrid nature allows for both dispersing and collecting. Reviewing various treatments in medical texts, whenever its astringent property is utilized, the transformative function is inherently present. Taking diarrhea and dysentery as an example: for cold patterns, warm herbs disperse the cold, using this to transform coagulation in the Blood level, which acts as astringency; for heat patterns, cold herbs clear heat, yet this herb is not discarded. Fearing that cold herbs might conflict with heat pathogens, the transformative Qi of this herb guides cold to conduct heat away; this is also utilizing transformation for astringency. Understanding that a single pattern may suit both cold and heat allows one to extrapolate to other patterns. Furthermore, the *Bencao Jing* mentions tonifying marrow followed immediately by benefiting Qi; one cannot claim it exclusively enters the Blood level. Disorders of the Blood level are managed because Yin within Yang can execute transformation. Since Yin within Yang executes transformation, it can benefit Essence and transform marrow; when marrow is full, Qi becomes prosperous. Medical texts specifically utilize it for tonifying marrow and benefiting Qi, such as Yangqi Dan and Zhenling Dan. This herb is not valued merely for its ability to astringe, but for the Essence transformed from Qi, obtaining the Qi of transformation, resembling congealed grease. Compared to scattered Qi that cannot gather and cause disease, this is not just taking the grease, but the Qi of transformed grease, which serves scattered Qi. Its ability to treat abdominal pain, intestinal rumbling, and diarrhea demonstrates its power to transform and astringe; otherwise, could abdominal pain and diarrhea be treated solely by astringency? By this reasoning, its treatment of metrorrhagia and leukorrhea in women is truly a miraculous formula. Although these conditions are mostly deficiency, some involve stasis or heat; this herb is suitable for all. *Bencao Bie Lu*, based on its essence condensing into grease, clarifies its merit in tonifying marrow. Cultivators say: "When Qi is abundant, Essence is full." This product congeals from Qi transformation, aligning with the principle that abundant Qi leads to full Essence. The Classics state: "Essence forms, then Brain and Marrow arise." Hence, *Bie Lu* first mentions benefiting Essence, then says long-term use tonifies marrow. Again, *Bie Lu* first mentions nourishing Heart Qi, then benefiting Essence. (Heart belongs to Yang among Taiyang; although Li contains Kan, Yang is dominant, hence "nourishing Heart Qi." Kidney belongs to Yin among Zhiyin; although Kan contains Li, Yin is dominant, hence "benefiting Essence.") In the realm of Kan-Li interaction in the human body, Yin and Yang are not separate. Cultivators say: "Abundant Qi leads to full Essence; full Essence leads to abundant Qi." This implies the unity of Essence and Qi. Heart and Kidney are merely masters; one should not assign Qi exclusively to Heart and Essence exclusively to Kidney. Red Stone Grease can perform Yin transformation within Yang to descend, and achieve Yang transformation within Yin to ascend. With Yin and Yang in balance, Essence increases. Therefore, Zhen Pi stated it tonifies deficiency and exhaustion of the Five Zang organs.
Miao Xi Yong noted: It is unsuitable for sudden violent diarrhea due to fire-heat. It is unsuitable for dysentery not caused by cold pathogen, or for white dysenteric excrement.
[Processing] When used, grind into powder, wash three times with fresh well water, and dry in the sun. (Anonymous) Some methods involve calcining over fire before washing with water. (Li Shizhen's commentary)