即今构树子。亦名谷实。 楮谷一种。但分雌雄。雄者皮无斑纹。叶无叉桠。三月开
花。成长穗若柳絮状。不实。雌者斑点。叉丫全异。四月开花。结实若杨梅半熟。初夏青绿
。六七月渐深红。八九月采。水浸。去皮穣。取中子。晒干用。
气味甘寒。气薄味浓。阴也。降也。入足太阴经。 浊阴下降。宜入足少阴。（士材） 主
阴痿。治水肿。助阳气。明目。壮筋骨。补虚劳。健腰膝。 别有一种味苦者。惟赤白浊用
之。或异种而同名耳。 水气蛊胀。楮实子丸。用楮实一斗。水三斗。置净釜。熬成膏。茯
苓三两。白丁香一两半。为末。以膏和丸梧子大。从少至多。服至小便清利胀减为度。后进
治中汤养之。忌甘苦峻补及发物。 肝热生翳。楮实子研细。食后蜜汤服一钱。日再。 目
昏难视。楮桃荆芥穗各五百枚。为末。炼蜜丸弹子大。食后嚼一丸。薄荷汤下。日三服。
附案 南唐烈祖。食饴喉中噎。国医莫能愈。吴廷绍独进楮实汤。一服疾失去。叩之。
答云。噎因甘起。可即以甘寒而下降者对待之。有得于同气相从之义也。
〔论〕 别录首言楮实治阴痿。又有言其助阳气者。医执味甘气寒。漫以为功在滋阴也。
讵知甘寒之品。岂尽为滋阴用。且楮实疗水肿。除湿热。更益老人。亦独何哉。老人阴虚而
阳随虚。阳虚则阴益郁而化湿。此味导湿以起阴。不与渗利者等。自其实生于初夏。历六七
月以渐而熟。至火土气毕。方于八九月采之。（采必于秋杪前。以金受火土之气。而犹未泄
精于所生之水。乃能大为阴气之母。而治阴痿补虚劳耳。）即其味甘气寒。是能导阳气于阴
中。阴中有阳为导。则阴起而阳益畅。即所谓助阳气也。本草于治水肿下。即继以益气二字。
义可思矣。 目病方。多用楮实。东垣云。青白翳见于目大 。乃足太阳少阴经中郁遏。厥
阴肝经气不得上通于目也。如水化行则风木之化布。而肝气畅于所主之目。即此知风化布
而水中之真阳益畅矣。楮实与车前。皆能强阴。而犹少有异。车前子五月已老。是水气达于
木。木气达于火。乃肝由子以畅母也。故专功于肝所司之小水。与肝所主之风化。若楮实至
秋方熟。是水木之气蕴于火土。而更归凉金。金为木用也。故强阴气者。肺仍合于肝之体。
（即肺气降归命门。水中有金义。）而疗水肿者。肝则输于肺之用。此其同而有异。不能混
也。本经首言治阴痿。为其能助阳气也。助阳气未有能离于肺者。以气之所统在肺也。肺司
降令。由阳至阴者必肝得合于肺。而后肝之体用乃全。试即此味之酝精于夏火而归元于秋金。
有仿佛于阴降阳随之义。亦合于引气归元之义。别录首谓其治阴痿。而日华子。亦谓其补虚
劳。良不诬也。至其利益老人。先哲累言之。（抱朴子言楮实赤者服之。令老人反少。）为其
补益真阳者。从酝阳而归阴以告成。所以收补阳之功而不燥耳。
〔修治〕 水沉去浮者。晒干。酒浸蒸半日。焙干用。 煎法。六月六日取谷树子五升。
以水一斗。煮取五升。去渣。微火煎如饧用。
谷树叶
气味甘凉。 治风湿肿胀。疗鼻衄白浊疝气癣疮。 阴阳者。营卫外内之体用。楮实包
蕴全体。谷叶则偏向于卫。
附方 通身水肿。楮枝叶煎如饧。空腹服一匕。日三。 鼻衄。小劳辄出。楮叶取汁。
饮三升良。 一切目翳。三月收谷木软叶。晒干为末。入麝少许。每以黍米大注 内。其翳
自落。 小便白浊。谷树叶为末。蒸饼丸梧子大。每服三十丸。白汤下。 木肾疝气。楮叶
雄黄等分。为末。酒糊丸梧子大。每盐酒下五十丸。 疝气入囊。五月五日采谷树叶。阴干
为末。每服一二匙。空心温酒下。
谷树白皮
气味甘平。 煮汁酿酒饮。治水肿入腹。短气咳嗽。 为散服。治下血血崩。 丹溪于
腰痛除湿热。同滋阴药用之。 风水肿浮。楮皮散。楮白皮猪苓木通各二钱。桑白皮三钱。
橘皮一钱。生姜三片。水二钟。煎服。 膀胱石水。四肢瘦削。小腹胀满。构根白皮桑根白
皮各二升。白术四两。黑大豆五升。流水一斗。煮四升。入清酒二升。再煮至三升。日再。
一匕服之。 肠风下血。秋采楮皮。阴干为末。酒服三钱。或入麝香少许。日二。 血痢血
崩。楮树皮荆芥等分。为末。冷醋调服一钱。血崩。醋煎服神效。 女子月经不绝。来无时
者。取谷树皮捣为纸者三十张。烧灰。以清酒半升。和调服之。顿定。蓐中血晕。服之立验。
已毙者去板齿灌之。经一日亦活。
〔总论〕 楮叶及白皮与实。同有行湿升阳之性。而实则甘寒。寒者在地之阴。更饱蕴
火土之精气。导阳于阴中。以全肝之体用。故起阴明目。其功总归于肝。若叶则甘凉。皮则
甘平。平亦辛也。虽行湿升阳之化不异。然凉平俱归金化。是属在天之阳。似致其用者。专
气于卫以和营矣。故皮叶疗水病殊胜于实。更能治鼻衄及下血血崩也。 （银海精微言楮实
属肺能升阳而上。讵知当属之叶与白皮。） 人身之血。固水所化。若在下水中之阳升。阴
得阳化。则自不病于肝之纳血矣。在上金中之阴降。阳得阴化。则更不病于心之主血矣。楮
叶及皮兼有之。似为调血之要剂。调血者先于金水二脏留意而已矣。载按食饴喉噎。一服楮
实汤即愈。据此则知楮实之益阴气者。即能化湿热。（湿热多生于甘味） 廷绍之用以治噎。
正合于丹溪除湿热之义也。
即现在的构树果实。又名谷实。楮树和谷树是同一种植物，只是分为雌雄两种。雄株树皮没有斑纹，叶子不分叉。三月开花，长成穗状，像柳絮一样，但不结果实。雌株树皮有斑点，叶子分叉完全不同。四月开花，结出的果实像半熟的杨梅，初夏时呈青绿色，六七月逐渐变成深红色，八九月采收。用水浸泡，去掉外皮和瓤，取出中间的种子，晒干后使用。
气味甘寒。气薄味浓，属于阴，具有降泄的作用。入足太阴经（脾经）。浊阴下降，适宜入足少阴经（肾经）。（徐士材认为）主治阳痿，治疗水肿，助长阳气，明目，强壮筋骨，补益虚劳，强健腰膝。另有一种味道苦的楮实子，只用于赤白浊症，或许是不同品种却同名吧。
水气蛊胀（腹部积水胀大），用楮实子丸。取楮实子一斗，加水三斗，放入干净的锅中，熬成膏状。茯苓三两，白丁香一两半，研为细末。用膏调和药末，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。从少量开始服用，逐渐加量，直到小便清利、腹胀减轻为止。之后进服治中汤来调养身体。忌食甘甜、苦味峻补之物及发物。
肝热生翳（角膜云翳），将楮实子研细，饭后用蜜水送服一钱，每日两次。
视力昏花难以视物，取楮桃子和荆芥穗各五百枚，研为细末，炼蜜制成弹子大小的丸剂。饭后嚼服一丸，薄荷汤送下，每日三次。
附案：南唐烈祖吃麦芽糖时喉咙噎住，御医们都不能治愈。吴廷绍单独进献楮实汤，服用一次疾病就消除了。询问他原因，他回答说：“噎症是因为甘味引起的，可以用甘寒且能下降的药物来对治。”这符合“同气相从”的道理。
〔论〕《别录》首先说楮实子治疗阳痿，又有说法称它能助长阳气。医生们执着于它味甘气寒的特性，随意认为它的功效在于滋阴。哪里知道甘寒性质的药物，难道都是用来滋阴的吗？况且楮实子治疗水肿，清除湿热，更有益于老年人，这又是为什么呢？老年人阴虚而阳气随之虚弱，阳虚则阴气更加郁滞而化为湿邪。这种药能引导湿气排出从而兴起阴气，这与通过渗湿利尿的方法不同。从它在初夏生长，历经六七个月逐渐成熟，到火土之气耗尽，才在八九月采收来看。（必须在秋末前采收，因为此时金受火土之气影响， yet 尚未向所生的水行泄露精气，才能成为大阴气之母，从而治疗阳痿、补益虚劳。）正因为其味甘气寒，所以能将阳气引导至阴中。阴中有阳作为引导，则阴气兴起而阳气更加通畅，这就是所谓的“助阳气”。本草在治疗水肿的记载下，紧接着提到“益气”二字，其中的含义值得深思。
治疗眼病的方剂中，多用楮实子。李东垣说：“青白色翳障出现在眼睛上，是由于足太阳膀胱经和足少阴肾经中郁遏阻滞，厥阴肝经的气不能上行通达于目所致。”如果水液代谢正常，则风木之气得以布散，肝气就能畅达于它所主司的眼睛。由此可知，风气布散而水中的真阳也就更加通畅了。楮实子和车前子都能强阴，但仍有细微差别。车前子五月就已经老了，这是水气通达于木，木气通达于火，是肝（子）通过畅达母脏（心/火）的关系。所以车前子专门作用于肝所主管的小便以及肝所主司的风化。而楮实子要到秋天才成熟，这是水木之气蕴藏于火土之中，进而归于凉金。金被木所制约（实则指金克木，此处语境似指金收引以制木之散，或金为肺，肺主肃降，有助于肝气条达中的收敛平衡，原文逻辑稍显晦涩，依文意理解为金气收敛）。所以强阴气时，肺气仍与肝之体相结合（即肺气下降归入命门，水中含金的含义）。而治疗水肿时，肝则将功能输注给肺之用。这是它们相同而有差异的地方，不能混淆。《本经》首先说治疗阳痿，是因为它能助长阳气。助长阳气没有能离开肺的，因为气由肺统摄。肺主管肃降，由阳入阴的过程必须肝配合肺，然后肝的体和用才能完备。试看这种药物在夏火中酝酿精华而在秋金中回归本源，仿佛符合“阴降阳随”的道理，也符合“引气归元”的道理。《别录》首先说它治疗阳痿，而日华子也说它能补益虚劳，确实不假。至于它对老年人的益处，先哲们多次提及。（葛洪在《抱朴子》中说红色的楮实子服用后，能让老人返老还童。）因为它补益真阳，是从酝酿阳气而归阴以完成功效，所以能收到补阳的效果而不燥烈。
〔修治〕 沉入水中的去除浮起的，晒干。用酒浸泡蒸半天，焙干后使用。
煎法：六月六日取谷树子五升，加水一斗，煮取五升，去渣。用微火煎至如饴糖般粘稠使用。
气味甘凉。治疗风湿肿胀，治疗鼻衄、白浊、疝气、癣疮。阴阳是营卫内外体的作用表现。楮实子包蕴全身，而谷叶则偏向于卫气。
附方：通身水肿，将楮枝叶煎煮如饴糖状，空腹服用一匕，每日三次。
鼻衄，稍微活动就出血，取楮叶汁饮用三升效果良好。
一切目翳，三月收集谷树的软叶，晒干研为细末，加入少许麝香。每次取黍米大小塞入鼻内，翳障自然脱落。
小便白浊，将谷树叶研为细末，用蒸饼做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三十丸，白开水送下。
木肾疝气，楮叶与雄黄等分，研为细末，用酒糊做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次盐酒送下五十丸。
疝气入囊，五月五日采集谷树叶，阴干研为细末。每次服用一二匙，空腹温酒送下。
谷树白皮
气味甘平。煮汁酿酒饮用，治疗水肿入腹、短气咳嗽。研为散剂服用，治疗下血、血崩。朱丹溪认为腰痛除湿热时，可配合滋阴药用。
风水肿浮，用楮皮散。楮白皮、猪苓、木通各二钱，桑白皮三钱，橘皮一钱，生姜三片，加水两钟，煎服。
膀胱石水，四肢消瘦，小腹胀满，用构根白皮、桑根白皮各二升，白术四两，黑大豆五升，流水一斗，煮取四升，加入清酒二升，再煮至三升。每日两次，每次服用一匕。
肠风下血，秋季采集楮皮，阴干研为细末，酒送服三钱，或加入少许麝香，每日两次。
血痢血崩，楮树皮与荆芥等分，研为细末，冷醋调服一钱。血崩者，醋煎服用神效。
女子月经不绝，来潮无定时，取谷树皮捣制成的纸三十张，烧成灰，用清酒半升调和服用，顿时安定。产后血晕，服用后立即见效。已经死亡的人，拔掉板牙灌药，过一天也能复活。
〔总论〕楮叶和白皮与果实，都具有行湿升阳的性质，但果实味甘寒，寒性属于地之阴，更饱蕴火土的精气，引导阳气于阴中，以完善肝的体和用，所以起阴明目，其功效总归于肝。若叶子则味甘凉，皮则味甘平，平也带有辛味。虽然行湿升阳的变化没有不同，但凉和平都归属于金的转化，这属于天之阳，似乎使其作用专门集中于卫气以调和营气。所以皮和叶治疗水病比果实更胜一筹，更能治疗鼻衄及下血、血崩。（《银海精微》说楮实子属肺能升阳而上，哪里知道应该属于叶和白皮。）人身之血，固然由水化生。如果在下水中之阳上升，阴得阳气化解，就不会患肝脏纳血之病了。在上部金中之阴下降，阳得阴气化解，就更不会患心脏主血之病了。楮叶及白皮兼有这些特性，似乎是调理血液的重要药剂。调理血液首先要留意金水两脏。载按：吃麦芽糖导致喉噎，服用一次楮实汤就痊愈了。据此可知楮实子的益阴气作用，就是能化解湿热。（湿热多生于甘味食物）吴廷绍用它治疗噎症，正符合朱丹溪除湿热的理论。
It is the fruit of the current *Broussonetia papyrifera* (Paper Mulberry). Also known as Gu Shi (Valley Fruit). The Chu tree and Gu tree are the same species, divided into male and female varieties. The male variety has bark without spots and leaves without lobes. It flowers in March, forming catkins resembling willow catkins, but does not bear fruit. The female variety has spotted bark and distinctly lobed leaves. It flowers in April, bearing fruits resembling half-ripe bayberries; they are green in early summer and gradually turn deep red in June and July. They are harvested in August and September, soaked in water, peeled, de-pulped, and the central seeds are extracted, dried, and used.
The flavor is sweet and cold. The qi is thin while the taste is strong, belonging to Yin, with a descending action. It enters the Foot-Taiyin Meridian (Spleen Meridian). Turbid Yin descends, making it suitable for entering the Foot-Shaoyin Meridian (Kidney Meridian) (According to Xu Shicai). It mainly treats impotence, edema, aids Yang Qi, brightens the eyes, strengthens sinews and bones, tonifies deficiency and fatigue, and strengthens the waist and knees. There is another variety with a bitter taste, used only for red and white turbidity; perhaps it is a different species sharing the same name.
For water qi and gu distension (abdominal ascites), use Chushizi Wan (Paper Mulberry Seed Pill). Take one dou of Chushizi, add three dou of water, place in a clean pot, and boil down to a paste. Mix with three liang of Fuling (Poria) and one and a half liang of Baidingxiang (Viverre's Faeces), ground into powder. Combine the powder with the paste to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Start with a small dose and increase gradually until urination becomes clear and abundant and abdominal distension subsides. Subsequently, administer Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) for nourishment. Avoid sweet, harshly tonifying bitter substances, and fawu (stimulating foods).
For liver heat causing corneal opacity (nebula), grind Chushizi finely and take one qian after meals with honey water, twice daily.
For blurred vision and difficulty seeing, take five hundred Chutaos (Paper Mulberry fruits) and Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike), grind into powder, and form pills the size of an egg yolk using refined honey. Chew one pill after meals and swallow with Bohe Tang (Mint Decoction), three times daily.
Attached Case: Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang suffered from throat obstruction after eating malt syrup. Imperial physicians could not cure him. Wu Tingshao alone administered Chushi Tang (Paper Mulberry Decoction), and the disease disappeared after one dose. When asked, he replied, "Obstruction arises from sweetness; it can be treated with sweet-cold substances that descend." This aligns with the principle of "similar qi following each other."
[Discussion] *Ben Cao Bie Lu* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica - Supplement) first states that Chushizi treats impotence, and there are also claims that it aids Yang Qi. Physicians, adhering to its sweet flavor and cold nature, casually assume its merit lies in nourishing Yin. However, do all sweet-cold herbs serve only to nourish Yin? Moreover, Chushizi treats edema, clears damp-heat, and benefits the elderly. Why is this? The elderly suffer from Yin deficiency leading to concurrent Yang deficiency; Yang deficiency causes Yin to stagnate further and transform into dampness. This herb guides out dampness to raise Yin, which differs from methods relying on diuresis. Considering it grows in early summer, matures through the sixth and seventh months, and is harvested in the eighth and ninth months when the Qi of Fire and Earth is exhausted... (Harvest must be before late autumn, so that Metal, influenced by Fire and Earth, has not yet leaked essence into the Water it generates, thereby becoming the great mother of Yin Qi to treat impotence and tonify deficiency.) Precisely because its flavor is sweet and nature is cold, it can guide Yang Qi into Yin. With Yang guiding within Yin, Yin rises and Yang flows more smoothly, which is what is meant by "aiding Yang Qi." In Materia Medica texts, under the treatment of edema, the phrase "benefiting Qi" follows immediately; the meaning here warrants deep thought.
Formulas for eye diseases often use Chushizi. Li Dongyuan stated, "Green or white nebulae appearing in the eyes indicate stagnation in the Foot-Taiyang Bladder and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridians, preventing the Qi of the Jueyin Liver Meridian from ascending to the eyes." If water metabolism proceeds normally, the transformation of Wind-Wood spreads, and Liver Qi flows freely to the eyes it governs. From this, we know that as Wind transforms, the True Yang within Water becomes smoother. Both Chushizi and Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed) strengthen Yin, yet they differ slightly. Cheqianzi is old by May, indicating Water Qi reaching Wood, and Wood Qi reaching Fire, representing the Liver (Child) smoothing the Mother (Heart/Fire). Thus, it specializes in the Small Water governed by the Liver and the Wind Transformation associated with it. Chushizi ripens only in Autumn, indicating Water and Wood Qi蕴藏 (harbored) in Fire and Earth, returning to Cool Metal. Metal is controlled by Wood (contextually implying Metal's restrictive nature balances Wood's expansion). Therefore, when strengthening Yin Qi, Lung Qi still combines with the Substance of the Liver (i.e., Lung Qi descending to Mingmen, the meaning of Metal within Water). When treating edema, the Liver transmits function to the Lung. This is their similarity with difference; they cannot be confused. *Ben Jing* (Shennong Ben Cao Jing) first mentions treating impotence because it aids Yang Qi. Aiding Yang Qi cannot be separated from the Lung, as Qi is governed by the Lung. The Lung governs descending functions; the process from Yang to Yin requires the Liver to combine with the Lung, completing the Liver's Substance and Function. Consider how this herb ferments essence in Summer Fire and returns to origin in Autumn Metal, resembling the meaning of "Yin descends, Yang follows," and also fitting the meaning of "guiding Qi back to the Origin." *Bie Lu* first states it treats impotence, and Ri Hua Zi also states it tonifies deficiency and fatigue; this is indeed true. Regarding its benefit to the elderly, ancient sages have mentioned it repeatedly (Ge Hong in *Baopuzi* said consuming red Chushizi makes the elderly look younger). Because it tonifies True Yang, it ferments Yang and returns to Yin to complete its efficacy, thus achieving Yang tonification without dryness.
[Processing] Discard floating ones; keep those sinking in water. Dry them. Soak in wine, steam for half a day, and bake dry for use.
Decoction Method: On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, take five sheng of Gu tree seeds, add ten sheng of water, boil to obtain five sheng, remove dregs, and simmer over low heat until thick like malt syrup.
Gu Ye (Paper Mulberry Leaf)
Flavor: Sweet and cool. Treats wind-damp swelling, epistaxis, white turbidity, hernia, and tinea corporis. Yin and Yang are the substance and function of Ying and Wei inside and outside. Chushizi encompasses the whole body, while Gu Ye leans towards Wei Qi.
Attached Formulas: Generalized edema, decoct Chu branches and leaves until thick like syrup; take one bi on an empty stomach, three times daily.
Epistaxis, bleeding upon slight exertion, drink three sheng of juice extracted from Chu leaves; effective.
All types of corneal opacity, collect soft leaves of the Gu tree in March, dry and powder them, add a little Shexiang (Musk). Insert a amount the size of millet grain into the nose; the opacity will fall off naturally.
White turbid urine, powder Gu Ye, make pills with steamed bread dough the size of wutong seeds. Take thirty pills per dose with warm water.
Mu Shen Hernia, equal parts Chu Ye and Xionghuang (Realgar), powder them, make pills with wine paste the size of wutong seeds. Take fifty pills per dose with salted wine.
Hernia entering the scrotum, collect Gu Ye on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dry in shade, powder it. Take one or two spoons per dose with warm wine on an empty stomach.
Gu Shu Bai Pi (Paper Mulberry White Bark)
Flavor: Sweet and neutral. Decoct to make wine and drink; treats abdominal edema, shortness of breath, and cough. Powder and take orally; treats lower blood loss and metrorrhagia. Zhu Danxi used it for lumbar pain caused by damp-heat, combined with Yin-nourishing herbs.
Feng Shui Edema (Wind-induced edema), use Chu Pi San (Mulberry Bark Powder). Chu Bai Pi (Paper Mulberry White Bark), Zhuling (Polyporus), Mutong (Akebia Stem) each 2 qian, Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark) 3 qian, Ju Pi (Tangerine Peel) 1 qian, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 3 slices. Add two zhong of water, decoct and take.
Bladder Shi Shui (Stone Water), emaciated limbs, lower abdominal fullness, use Gougen Bai Pi (Fig Tree Root Bark) and Sanggen Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark) each two sheng, Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) four liang, Heida Dou (Black Soybean) five sheng, flowing water one dou. Boil to four sheng, add two sheng of clear wine, boil again to three sheng. Take twice daily, one bi per dose.
Chang Feng Lower Bleeding (Intestinal wind bleeding), harvest Chu bark in autumn, dry in shade, powder it. Take three qian with wine, or add a little Musk, twice daily.
Blood Dysentery and Metrorrhagia, equal parts Chu树皮 (Chu Bark) and Jingjie (Schizonepeta), powder them, mix with cold vinegar and take one qian. For metrorrhagia, decoct with vinegar for miraculous effect.
Continuous menstruation in women, irregular timing, take thirty sheets of paper made from pounded Gu bark, burn to ash, mix with half a sheng of clear wine and take; symptoms stop instantly. Postpartum blood syncope, take it for immediate effect. For those already dead, remove incisors and灌 (pour) the medicine; they may revive after one day.
[General Discussion] Chu Ye (Leaf) and Bai Pi (White Bark), along with the fruit, share the property of promoting dampness removal and raising Yang. However, the fruit is sweet and cold; cold belongs to Earth Yin, fully harboring the essence of Fire and Earth, guiding Yang into Yin to complete the Liver's substance and function. Thus, it raises Yin and brightens the eyes, with its effects primarily attributed to the Liver. The leaf is sweet and cool; the bark is sweet and neutral (neutral implies pungent). Although their transformations of removing dampness and raising Yang are similar, cool and neutral both belong to Metal transformation, which is Heaven Yang. Their application seems focused on Wei Qi to harmonize Ying Qi. Therefore, the bark and leaf are superior to the fruit in treating water diseases and are better at treating epistaxis and lower bleeding/metrorrhagia. (*Yin Hai Jing Wei* states Chushizi belongs to the Lung and can raise Yang; however, it should actually belong to the Leaf and White Bark.) Human blood is indeed transformed from water. If Yang within the lower Water rises, and Yin is transformed by Yang, the Liver will not suffer from blood storage issues. If Yin within the upper Metal descends, and Yang is transformed by Yin, the Heart will not suffer from blood governing issues. Chu Ye and Bai Pi possess both characteristics, making them key agents for regulating blood. Regulating blood requires attention to the Metal and Water organs first. Note: Throat obstruction from eating malt syrup was cured by one dose of Chushi Tang. This indicates that Chushizi's benefit to Yin Qi involves transforming damp-heat (damp-heat often arises from sweet flavors). Wu Tingshao's use of it to treat obstruction perfectly aligns with Zhu Danxi's theory of removing damp-heat.