即凌霄花。平野蔓生。得木而上。自夏至秋。开花一枝十余朵。大如牵牛花。而
瓣。赭黄色。有细点。秋深更赤。
花（根同）
味咸苦。气微寒。手足厥阴经药也。畏卤碱。主热毒风风痫。治女子产乳余疾。
血不定。淋沥及崩中。并症瘕血闭。寒热羸瘦。又主膈血游风。凌霄花补阴甚捷。盖有
能独行。治血崩之要药也。（丹溪）花及根。甘酸而寒。茎叶带苦。行血分。能去血中伏
及血热生风之证。（濒湖）治热风身痒游风风疹。与苍耳叶同用。久近风痫。凌霄花或根
为末。每服三钱。温酒下。服毕。解发。不住手梳。口噙冷水。温则吐去。再噙再梳。至
十口乃止。如此四十九日绝根。百无所忌。同当归红花川芎牛膝地黄延胡桃仁苏木五灵脂
治壮实妇人血闭。血崩方。凌霄花为末。酒服二钱。后服四物汤。按先饮凌霄酒而后服四
或先去血中伏火而后调之耶。
〔论〕紫葳之气寒。其味咸先而胜。苦后而杀。知其入血而散热结无疑。第丹溪云补阴
甚捷
则知
治非
弥赤
丹溪
湖）
茎叶
气味苦平。主治痿 。益气。疗热风身痒。游风风疹。（与花根同功）治喉痹热痛。
〔修治〕秋后采之。阴干。
别名瑞雪。根即天花粉。所在有之。出弘农陕州者最胜。六月开花。结实花下。九月黄
熟如柿。形有正圆长锐。功用并同。内有扁子。色绿脂多。作青气。根直下生。年久者长
尺。秋后采者。结实有粉。他时便多筋络矣。（核）根实功力。稍有异同。实主郁遏不能分
实
味大甘微苦。气寒。性润缓。味浓气薄。阴也。主治润肺燥。除热。涤痰结。止嗽。宽
胸痹。利咽喉。疗燥渴肠秘。栝蒌属土而有水。味甘性润。补肺降气。凡胸中有痰者。乃肺
受火逼。失其降下之令。今得甘缓润下之助。则痰自降。宜其为治嗽要药。又能洗涤胸膈中
垢腻郁热。为治消渴之神品。（丹溪）解胸中郁热。是其所长。故热郁汤内用之。且寒而大
甘
咳
（濒湖）。栝蒌通肺中郁热。又云降气者。总因甘合于寒。能和能降能润故也。夫气属阳。
同
降
薤白
切焙
丸。
瓜蒌
用此
久不
日三
五钱
为末
若寒
以燥
剂者之
根（即天花粉）
味微甘而苦。气寒纯阴。入心肺二经。主益津。治消渴。（治渴。有坚肾水而
利小便而愈者。坚肾用天花粉之属。利小便用二苓之类。先哲）身热烦满。心中枯
此不除。去肠胃中痼热。及时疾热狂。并虚热咳嗽。退八疸身面黄。唇干口燥。短
水。通小肠。亦止小便利。与辛酸同用。导肿气。能补虚安中。续绝伤。禀天地清
故能解烦渴。行津液。大宜虚热人。同贝母竹沥竹茹荆沥天冬则消痰。同银花连翘
甘草。消一切肿毒。消渴饮水。用栝蒌根三十斤。入水一石。煮取一斗半。去渣。
合。煎至水尽。用暖酒先食服。如鸡子大。日三服最妙。伤寒烦渴思饮。栝蒌根三
升。煮一升。分二服。先以淡竹沥一斗。水二升。煮好银二两。半冷冻饮料汁。然后服
危疾。栝蒌根一斤。捣汁六合。顿服。随有黄水随小便出。如不出。再服。虚热咳
粉一两。人参三钱。为末。每服一钱。米汤下。又方。栝蒌根水泡切片。用竹沥拌
如是三次。再同乳汁浸。饭上蒸。晒干。煎服效。
〔总论〕栝蒌实黄熟于九月。而采以霜降后。根色洁白。采于秋后乃实。则知所禀金水
之气
有伤
故凡
下
涸
可
下
则
相
纯
甘寒
不达
缪氏。脾胃虚寒作泻者。弗宜服根。按栝蒌根得金水之浓。凡病于木火之真。气不升不
达
〔修治〕古方全用。连子连皮细切。后世乃分子瓤各用。（濒湖）然不可执一。有全用
者。有
一度
即凌霄花。在平野之地蔓生。依附树木向上生长。从夏至秋。每枝开花十余朵。花朵大如牵牛花。花瓣赭黄色。带有细点。深秋时节颜色更红。
花（根部功效相同）
味咸、苦。气微寒。是手足厥阴经的药物。畏惧卤碱。主治热毒风、风痫。治疗女子产后余疾。恶露不尽、淋沥及崩中。以及症瘕、血闭、寒热羸瘦。又主治膈血游风。凌霄花补阴非常迅速。大概是有能力独行药力。是治疗血崩的要药。（朱丹溪）花及根。味甘酸而性寒。茎叶带苦味。入血分。能去除血中伏火及血热生风的证候。（李时珍）治疗热风身痒、游风、风疹。与苍耳叶同用。治疗久治不愈的风痫。将凌霄花或根研为末。每次服用三钱。温酒送下。服完后。解开头发。不停地梳理。口中含冷水。水变温则吐出。再含再梳。直到吐十口水为止。如此坚持四十九日可绝根。百无禁忌。配合当归、红花、川芎、牛膝、地黄、胡桃仁、苏木、五灵脂。治疗壮实妇人血闭、血崩方。将凌霄花研为末。酒服二钱。随后服用四物汤。按：是先饮用凌霄酒而后服药。还是先去血中伏火而后调理呢？
〔论〕紫葳之气寒。其味咸先胜。苦后杀。可知其入血分而散热结无疑。只是朱丹溪说补阴甚捷。那么可知治疗并非单纯清热。
茎叶气味苦平。主治痿证。益气。治疗热风身痒、游风、风疹。（与花根功效相同）治疗喉痹热痛。
〔修治〕秋后采收。阴干。
别名瑞雪。根即天花粉。各地都有。出弘农陕州的最好。六月开花。花在果实下结实。九月黄熟如柿子。形状有正圆和长锐两种。功效相同。内有扁子。色绿脂多。散发青气。根直下生长。年久的长达一尺。秋后采的。结实有粉。其他时候采的多筋络了。（李时珍核）根实功力。稍有异同。实主郁遏不能分散。
实
味大甘微苦。气寒。性润缓。味浓气薄。属阴。主治润肺燥。除热。涤痰结。止嗽。宽胸痹。利咽喉。疗燥渴肠秘。栝蒌属土而有水。味甘性润。补肺降气。凡胸中有痰者。乃是肺受火逼。失其降下之令。现在得到甘缓润下的帮助。则痰自降。适宜其为治疗咳嗽的要药。又能洗涤胸膈中垢腻郁热。为治疗消渴的神品。（朱丹溪）解胸中郁热。是其所长。所以在热郁汤中使用它。且寒而大甘。
咳
（李时珍）。栝蒌通肺中郁热。又说降气。总因甘合于寒。能和、能降、能润的缘故。夫气属阳。
同
降
薤白
切焙
丸。
瓜蒌
用此
久不
日三
五钱
为末
若寒
以燥
剂者之
根（即天花粉）
味微甘而苦。气寒纯阴。入心肺二经。主益津。治疗消渴。（治疗口渴。有坚肾水而利小便而愈的。坚肾用天花粉之类。利小便用二苓之类。先哲）身热烦满。心中枯。此不除。去肠胃中痼热。及时疾热狂。并虚热咳嗽。退八疸身面黄。唇干口燥。短水。通小肠。亦止小便利。与辛酸同用。导肿气。能补虚安中。续绝伤。禀天地清。故能解烦渴。行津液。大宜虚热人。同贝母、竹沥、竹茹、荆沥、天冬则消痰。同银花、连翘、甘草。消一切肿毒。消渴饮水。用栝蒌根三十斤。入水一石。煮取一斗半。去渣。合。煎至水尽。用暖酒空腹服。如鸡子大。日三服最妙。伤寒烦渴思饮。栝蒌根三升。煮一升。分二服。先用淡竹沥一斗。水二升。煮好银二两。半冷冻饮料汁。然后服。危疾。栝蒌根一斤。捣汁六合。顿服。随有黄水随小便出。如不出。再服。虚热咳。粉一两。人参三钱。为末。每服一钱。米汤下。又方。栝蒌根水泡切片。用竹沥拌如是三次。再同乳汁浸。饭上蒸。晒干。煎服效。
〔总论〕栝蒌实黄熟于九月。而采以霜降后。根色洁白。采于秋后乃实。则知所禀金水之气。有伤。故凡。下。涸。可。下。则。相。纯。甘寒。不达。缪氏。脾胃虚寒作泻者。弗宜服根。按栝蒌根得金水之浓。凡病于木火之真。气不升不达。
〔修治〕古方全用。连子连皮细切。后世乃分子瓤各用。（李时珍）然不可执一。有全用者。有...一度
It is the flower of *Campsis grandiflora* (Lour.) K. Schum. (Lingxiao Hua). It grows as a vine in flatlands, climbing up trees. From summer to autumn, each branch bears more than ten flowers, large like morning glory flowers, with ochre-yellow petals marked with fine dots; in late autumn, the color becomes redder.
Flower (Root has similar efficacy)
Taste: salty, bitter. Nature: slightly cold. It enters the Jueyin meridians of the hand and foot. It is incompatible with halogenated alkalis. It primarily treats heat-toxic wind and wind-epilepsy. It treats residual diseases in women after childbirth, irregular uterine bleeding, dripping discharge, and metrorrhagia. It also treats abdominal masses (Zhengjia), blood obstruction, alternating chills and fever, and emaciation. Furthermore, it treats diaphragmatic blood stasis and wandering wind. Lingxiao Hua supplements Yin very rapidly. It is believed to have the ability to act independently on its own, making it an essential herb for treating metrorrhagia. (Zhu Danxi) The flower and root are sweet, sour, and cold. The stems and leaves are bitter. They enter the Blood level, removing latent fire from the Blood and conditions where Blood-heat generates Wind. (Li Shizhen) It treats body itching due to heat-wind, wandering wind, and wind-rash. When used together with *Xanthii Folium* (Canger Ye), it treats chronic wind-epilepsy. Powder the Lingxiao Hua or its root. Take 3 qian per dose with warm wine. After taking it, loosen the hair and comb continuously while holding cold water in the mouth. Spit out the water when it warms up, then hold more and continue combing. Stop after spitting ten times. Continue this for 49 days to eradicate the root completely, with no dietary restrictions. Combined with *Danggui*, *Honghua*, *Chuanxiong*, *Niuxi*, *Dihuang*, *Hetaoren*, *Sumu*, and *Wulingzhi*, it treats blood obstruction and metrorrhagia in robust women. For the metrorrhagia formula: powder the Lingxiao Hua, take 2 qian with wine, followed by *Siywu Tang*. Note: Is it better to drink Lingxiao wine first and then take medicine, or to clear latent fire from the Blood first before regulating?
[Discussion] The nature of Ziwei is cold. Its salty taste acts first to overcome, and its bitter taste acts later to kill. It is undoubtedly that it enters the Blood level to dissipate heat and resolve stagnation. However, Zhu Danxi stated that it supplements Yin very rapidly. Thus, we know that treatment is not merely about clearing heat.
Stems and leaves
Taste: bitter, neutral. Nature: bitter, neutral. Primarily treats flaccidity syndromes. Benefits Qi. Treats body itching due to heat-wind, wandering wind, and wind-rash. (Same efficacy as flower and root) Treats sore throat with heat pain.
[Processing] Harvest after autumn. Dry in the shade.
Also known as Ruixue. The root is Tianhuafen. It is found everywhere, but those from Hongnong and Shanzhou are superior. Flowers bloom in June, bearing fruit beneath the flowers. In September, they ripen yellow like persimmons. Shapes vary between round and long-pointed. Efficacy is identical. Inside are flat seeds, green and rich in resin, emitting a bluish odor. The root grows straight downward; old roots can reach one chi in length. Roots harvested in autumn yield fruits with starch; those harvested at other times have more fibrous networks. (Li Shizhen's commentary on the seed) The efficacy of the root and fruit differs slightly. The fruit mainly addresses stagnation and inability to disperse.
Fruit
Taste: greatly sweet, slightly bitter. Nature: cold. Texture: moistening and slow-acting. Flavor is strong, aroma is light. Belongs to Yin. Primarily treats lung dryness, clears heat, resolves phlegm nodules, stops cough, relieves chest bi-syndrome, benefits the throat, treats dry thirst and constipation. Gualou belongs to Earth but contains Water. Sweet taste and moistening nature tonify the Lung and direct Qi downward. Whenever there is phlegm in the chest, it is because the Lung is forced by Fire, losing its descending function. Now, aided by sweet, slow, and moistening descent, the phlegm descends naturally. It is suitable as an essential herb for treating cough. It also washes away greasy, stagnant heat in the chest and diaphragm, making it a divine product for treating Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). (Zhu Danxi) Resolving stagnant heat in the chest is its strength, hence it is used in Re Yu Tang. Being cold and greatly sweet...
Cough
(Li Shizhen). Gualou unblocks stagnant heat in the Lung. It is said to direct Qi downward; this is because sweetness combined with cold allows for harmonizing, directing downward, and moistening. Qi belongs to Yang.
Same
Downward
Xiebai
Cut and roasted
Pill.
Gualou
Use this
Long time no
Three times daily
Five qian
Make into powder
If cold
With dry
Agents'
Root (i.e., Tianhuafen)
Taste: slightly sweet, bitter. Nature: cold, purely Yin. Enters the Heart and Lung meridians. Primarily benefits fluids. Treats Xiao Ke. (To treat thirst, some strengthen Kidney Water to promote urination and achieve cure. To strengthen Kidney, use Tianhuafen type. To promote urination, use Er Ling type. Ancient sages) Body heat, vexation, and fullness. Withered heart. If this is not removed, it eliminates stubborn heat in the intestines and stomach, and acute febrile diseases with mania. Also treats deficiency-heat cough. Reduces jaundice causing yellow skin and face. Dry lips and mouth. Short urine. Unblocks the Small Intestine. Also stops excessive urination. Used with acrid and sour herbs, it guides swelling Qi. It can tonify deficiency, calm the Middle, and heal severed injuries. Endowed with the pure Qi of Heaven and Earth, thus it can relieve vexation and thirst, circulate Jin-Ye. Highly suitable for people with deficiency-heat. Combined with Beimu, Zhuli, Zhuru, Jingli, and Tandong, it resolves phlegm. Combined with Yinhua, Lianqiao, and Gancao, it resolves all kinds of swellings and toxins. For Xiao Ke drinking water: use 30 jin of Gualou Gen, add 1 shi of water, boil to obtain 1 dou and half. Remove dregs. Combine. Boil until water is exhausted. Take with warm wine on an empty stomach, size of a chicken egg. Three doses daily is best. For Shanghan with vexation, thirst, and desire to drink: use 3 sheng of Gualou Gen, boil to 1 sheng, divide into two doses. First, boil 1 dou of Danzhuli and 2 sheng of water with 2 liang of good silver. Drink the juice when half-cold. Then take the medicine. For critical illness: crush 1 jin of Gualou Gen, extract 6 liang of juice, take in one dose. Yellow fluid will follow urination. If not, take again. Deficiency-heat cough: Fen 1 liang, Renshen 3 qian. Make into powder. Take 1 qian per dose with rice soup. Another method: Soak Gualou Gen slices in water, mix with Zhuli three times. Then soak in milk, steam over rice, dry, and decoct for efficacy.
[General Discussion] Gualou fruit ripens yellow in September, harvested after Frost Descent. The root is white and clean, harvested after autumn to be solid. Thus, we know it endows the Qi of Metal and Water. There is injury. Therefore, generally. Downward. Dryness. Can. Downward. Then. Mutual. Pure. Sweet and cold. Not reaching. Miao Shi. Those with Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold causing diarrhea should not consume the root. According to analysis, Gualou Gen obtains dense Metal and Water Qi. For diseases caused by true Wood and Fire, if Qi does not ascend and does not reach...
[Processing] Ancient formulas use the whole herb. Cut finely with seeds and peel. Later generations separate the seed and pulp for different uses. (Li Shizhen) However, one cannot adhere rigidly. Some use the whole herb. Some... once