脉候 短疾而滑，酒病。（《脉经》）
证状 凡饮酒过多，酒毒渍于肠胃，流溢经络，使血脉充满，令人烦毒 乱，呕吐无度，乃至累日不醒，
往往有腹背穿穴者，是酒热毒瓦斯所为，故须摇其身以消散也。（《病源论》）
夫酒性宣通而不停聚，故醉而复醒，随血脉流散故也。今人有荣卫痞涩，痰水停积者，因复饮酒，不至大醉
大吐，故酒与痰相搏，不能消散，故令腹满不消。（同上）
酒者，水谷之精也，其气 悍而有大毒，入于胃则酒胀气逆，上逆于胸，内熏于肝胆，故令肝浮胆横，而狂悖变
怒，失于常性，故云恶酒也。（同上）（按∶此取《灵枢·论勇篇》，改酒悖作恶酒。）
酒性有毒而复大热，饮之过多，故热毒瓦斯，渗溢经络，浸渍腑脏而生诸病也。或烦毒壮热而似伤寒，或洒淅恶
寒有同温疟，或吐利不安，或呕逆烦闷，随脏气虚实而生病焉。病候非一，故云诸病。（同上）
酒者，熟谷之液也，其性 悍急疾，后食而入，先食而出，能通关节而走肤腠。上古作汤液醪醴，为而不用。
后世嗜之无节，或饮过度，停积不散，蕴滞于胃，散流诸脉，熏蒸腑脏，令人志乱，乃至不醒，有连日而无所觉知者，
甚则中毒，而为酒疸诸热之病也。（《圣济》）
轻者头痛眩晕，呕吐痰逆，神昏烦乱，胸满恶心，饮食减少，小便不利。甚者大醉之后，忽然战栗，手足厥
冷，不省人事，名曰酒厥。（《汇补》）（按∶酒厥见《琐碎录》，引在后，又宜与《厥》门相参。）
好酒之人，湿热内积，生痰动火，往往发为口眼歪斜，舌强肢废，混似风中血脉，宜解酒除湿，消痰清火，
不可以风药误治。（同上）
酒随人为患 少年纵酒者，多成劳损。夫酒本狂药，大损真阴，惟少饮之未必无益，多饮之难免无伤，
而耽饮之则受其害者十之八九矣。且凡人之禀赋，藏有阴阳，而酒之性质，亦有阴阳。盖酒成于酿，其性则热；
汁化于水，其质则寒。若以阴虚者纵饮之，则质不足以滋阴，而性偏助火，故热者愈热，而病为吐血衄血，便血
尿血，喘嗽，躁烦狂悖等证，此酒性伤阴而然也。若阳虚者纵饮之，则性不足以扶阳，而质留为水，故寒者愈寒，
而病为臌胀泄泻，腹痛吞酸，少食，亡阳暴脱等证，此酒质伤阳而然也。故纵酒者，既能伤阴，尤能伤阳，害有
如此，人果知否。矧酒能乱性，每致因酒妄为，则凡伤精竭力，动气失机，及遇病不胜等事，无所不至，而阴受
其损，多罔觉也。夫纵酒之时，固不虑其害之若此；及病至沉危，犹不知为酒困之若此。故余详明于此，以为纵
酒者之先觉云。（《景岳》）（按∶酒性伤阴，本出东垣；气热质湿，亦出《六要》。并引在治例中。）
酒中有热有湿，均足为患，因其本气而患之。本气虚寒者，原不患热，惟患其湿，其湿日积，阳神日衰，一旦
协水而动，阴邪横发，闭痛呕逆，上下交剧，法当急驱其阴，以回其阳。真阳素旺者，不患其湿，而患其热，热
遗后阴，便
血生痔，热遗前阴，茎生诸疳，法宜分解其热，而清其毒。（《舒氏伤寒论集注》）
酒入脏腑 以酒为浆，《素问》是戒；怯士酒悖，《灵枢》有讥。丹溪以醇酒冷冻饮料立论，而载葛花解
酲汤，为酒客之良药。若日久病深，变症一起，又难以穷其源矣。呜呼！能舍是而不商哉。人之嗜酒，其始也必
专入一脏。予以酒后之态推之，入于肺者则多言多嚏，入于心者则多笑多忘，入于肝者则善怒，入于脾者则思睡，
入于肾者则思淫。多言伤肺，其后则变咳嗽消渴；多笑伤心，其后则变怔忡不寐；多睡伤脾，其后则变痞满疸臌；
善怒伤肝，其后则变胁痛吐血；思淫伤肾，其后则变腰疼脊软。既变之后，固不可专治乎酒，然亦不可竟忘乎酒。
盖酒之伤人，湿而且热，湿热之毒，永久不变，非若他症之有六淫七情、经络传变之不齐也。故治之者，必于本
脏药中，而兼去湿热之品。至于葛花解酲，惟为酒客初病者设，因酒必先入胃，故用消食理滞、上下分消之药。若
以之概治变后之症，固非丹溪意也。然予所商五入，亦大略耳。外有酒后多汗强饮则胃受之，酒后面青则胆受之，
酒后多尿则小肠膀胱受之，酒后积痢则大肠受之，鲜不为病。惟胃与小肠、膀胱受者，汗则从表而散，尿则从便而
除，虽多饮亦能终其天年，古之所谓酒中仙者，其以此乎。谚云酒有别肠，误言也。（《医意商》）
治例 夫酒者，大热有毒，气味俱阳，乃无形之物也。若伤之，止当发散汗出则愈矣，其次莫如利小便，
二者乃上下分消其湿。今之酒病者，往往服酒 丸大热之药下之，又有用牵牛、大黄下之者，是无形元气受病，反
下有形阴血，乖误甚矣。酒性大热以伤元气，而复重泻之，况亦损肾水，真阴及有形阴血俱为不足。如是则阴血愈虚，
真水愈弱，阳毒
之热大旺，反增其阴火，是以元气消耗，折人长命，不然则虚损之病成矣。酒疸下之，久久为黑疸，慎不可犯（《辨
惑》此下曰∶不若令上下分消其湿），以葛花解酲汤主之。（《脾胃论》）（按∶《微义》于此说稍有辨评，然
语意不了，仍不录。）
按酒之为物，气热而质湿。饮之而昏醉易狂者，热也，宜以汗去之；既醒则热去而湿留止，宜利小便则已。
二者宜酌而用之，大抵葛花解酲汤备矣。（《六要》）
伤酒，恶心呕逆，吐出宿酒，昏冒眩晕，头痛如破，宜冲和汤（即参苏饮加木香）、半夏茯苓汤或理中汤，
加干葛七分，或用附子理中汤和缩脾饮。酒渴，缩脾汤，或煎干葛汤调五苓散。久困于酒，遂成酒积，腹痛泄泻，
或暴饮有灰酒，亦能致然，并宜酒煮黄连丸。多饮结成酒癖，腹中有块，随气上下，冲和汤加蓬术半钱。酒停胸
膈为痰饮者，枳实半夏汤（用枳实、半夏二味）加神曲、麦 各半钱，冲和汤加半夏一钱，茯苓七分。（《要诀》）
中酒属胃弱，忌闭气、升、甘温、燥热、收涩，宜养胃、酸、辛散、淡渗。（《本草经疏》）
解毒清利诸方（宜与《积聚》门酒积诸方互参。）饮醉头痛方。
刮生竹皮五两，水八升，煮取五升去滓，然后合纳鸡子五枚，搅调更煮再沸，二、三升服尽。（《肘后》）
解酒毒，或醉昏闷烦渴，要易醒宜服此方。
柑子皮（二两洗焙干）
上捣细罗为散，遇酒醉不醒，抄三钱，以水一中盏，煎三、五沸，或入少盐花，如茶旋呷，未效更服。（《圣
惠》）。
治饮酒中毒方。
上煮黑豆汁，温服一小盏，三服瘥。（同上）饮酒中毒，经日不省者，用黑豆一升，煮取汁，温服一小盏，
不过三服即愈，今人谓之中酒是也。（《医说》）
又方。
上酒渍干椹子，每服一小盏，三服即瘥。（《圣惠》）
治饮酒大醉中毒方。
枳 子树子（三两锉）
上每服一两，以水一大盏，煎至五分，去滓温服。（同上）
又方。
上用干葛花半两为末，煎作汤，细呷之。（同上）（按∶《救急选方》载有数方，宜互参。）
千钟酒解酒毒。
蜜曲陆（二两，又名鸡横子，研为膏，入白附子末一两，研和作饼，悬于风处，阴干干曲。） 缩砂仁 白姜
（炮各一两）
上为细末，稀粥糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服三十丸，热盐汤下，少顷便苏醒。（《魏氏》）（按∶先教谕曰∶
蜜曲陆，即枳 子，《本草》又名屈律，又名鸡距子。）《医级》枳 子丸，治酒积成热，状似消中。枳 子三两，
麝香当门子二钱，为末，酒曲糊作丸，每服一钱，茶送下。（按∶此方本出《苏沈》，宜参《消渴》。）
治饮酒过多，大醉不醒，石膏汤方。
石膏（五两） 葛根 生姜（细切各三两）
上三味锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏，煎至一盏，去滓温服，不拘时候。（《圣济》）又治酒毒，积在肠胃，
或呕吐不食，渴多引饮，橘皮汤，于本方去生姜，加陈橘皮、甘草。
葛花解酲汤，治饮酒太过，呕吐痰逆，心神烦乱，胸膈痞塞，手足战摇，饮食减少，小便不利。
莲花青皮（去瓤三分） 木香（五分） 橘皮（去白） 人参（去芦） 猪苓（去黑皮） 白茯苓（各钱五分）
神曲（炒黄） 泽泻 干生姜 白术（各二钱） 白豆蔻仁 葛花 砂仁（各五钱）
上为极细末，秤和匀，每服三钱匕，白汤调下，但得微汗，酒病去矣。（《脾胃论》）
连葛解酲汤，治酒积，腹痛泄泻。
黄连（酒炒） 葛根 滑石 山栀（炒） 神曲 青皮 木香
加茵陈、泽泻、猪苓、肉桂，分利湿热，尤妙。（《大还》）
《韦谷溪手集》治好饮之人，酒毒发作，头痛目眩，或咽喉闭闷，或下利清水，日数十行，形神委顿。（庸工
误作阴寒自利，妄用温燥热药者多有之。）
用松花一两焙，陈皮五钱，川黄连三钱，甘草二钱，俱微炒，磨为末，与松花和匀，每早晚各服二钱，白汤
调服，二日即愈。（《汇言》）
神妙列仙散，治饮酒所伤，以致遍身疼痛，腰脚强跛，手足顽麻，胃脘疼痛，胸膈满闷，肚腹膨胀，呕吐泻利，
及酒食停久，成一切积聚，黄胆热鼓，并皆治之。
木香 沉香（各一钱） 茴香（微炒） 槟榔（各一钱） 蓄（二钱） 大黄（一两微焙炒） 麦 （一两半）
瞿麦（五钱）
上为末，每服三钱或五钱，五更热酒调下，能饮者多饮二三杯不妨，仰面卧，手叉胸前，至天明，取下大便如鱼
脑，小便如血为效。忌生冷硬物及荤腥，止啖米粥。（《丹溪附余》）
温散诸方 治饮酒大醉，心闷腹胀，吐逆喘急，宜服此
方。
草豆蔻（三分去壳） 丁香（半两） 小豆（半两） 人参（半两去芦头） 木香（半两） 高良姜（半两锉）
槟榔（半两） 陈橘皮（半两）
上件药捣筛为散，每服三钱，以水一中盏，入生姜半分，煎至六分去滓，不计时候温服。（《圣惠》）
治酒厥忽晕倒，以生姜汁灌之，即苏。（《琐碎录》）
杂证治方 烧酒醉死，《濒湖集简方》急以新汲水浸其发，外以故帛浸湿贴其胸膈，仍细细灌之，至苏
乃已。心头热者，用热豆腐细切片，遍身贴，冷即换之，苏省乃止。（《本草纲目》）（宜参救急选方。）
一人饮酒大醉后，口中气仰头往外出不尽，有出气，无收气，此乃气不归元，死在须臾，诸医罔效。用韭菜根
捶损，入旧酽醋，炒热，绢包熨脐下，此一包冷了，又易一包，熨至脐下温暖，气渐降而归元矣。（《济世全书》）
一人形实，好热酒，急目盲脉涩，此热酒所伤，胃气污浊，血死其中而然也。以苏木作汤，调人参末服。次
日鼻及两掌，皆紫黑。予曰∶滞血行矣。以四物加苏木、桃仁、红花、陈皮煎，调人参服，数日而愈。（《丹溪》）
调摄法 酒虽可以陶情性，通血脉，然招风败肾，烂肠腐胁，莫过于此，饱食之后，尤宜戒之。饮酒不宜
粗及速，恐伤破肺，肺为五脏之华盖，尤不可伤。当酒未醒大渴之际，不可吃水及啜茶，多被酒引入肾脏，为停毒
之水，遂令腰脚重坠，膀胱冷痛，兼水肿消渴挛 之疾。（《 仙活人心》）
【脉象】脉象短促、快速且滑利，是饮酒致病。（《脉经》）
【症状表现】凡是饮酒过多，酒毒浸渍肠胃，流溢于经络，使血脉充满，导致人烦躁痛苦、神志错乱，呕吐无度，甚至连续多日不醒，往往出现腹部和背部如针刺般的疼痛，这是由酒的热毒之气所致，因此需要摇动身体以帮助消散。（《诸病源候论》）
酒的性质宣通而不滞留，所以醉后能醒，是因为随着血脉流散的缘故。现在有些人营卫之气痞塞涩滞，痰水停积，又再次饮酒，虽然不至于大醉大吐，但酒与痰相互搏结，不能消散，从而导致腹部胀满不消。（同上）
酒，是水谷中的精华，其气剽悍且有大毒，进入胃中则引起酒胀、气机逆乱，向上冲逆至胸中，向内熏蒸肝胆，导致肝气浮越、胆气横逆，使人狂妄悖逆、易怒，失去常态本性，所以称为“恶酒”。（同上）（按：此处取意于《灵枢·论勇篇》，将“酒悖”改为“恶酒”。）
酒的性质有毒且大热，饮用过多，热毒之气渗溢经络，浸渍脏腑而产生各种疾病。有的表现为烦躁痛苦、高热类似伤寒；有的表现为洒淅恶寒类似温疟；有的表现为吐泻不安；有的表现为呕逆烦闷，随脏腑之气的虚实不同而发病。病候不止一种，所以称为“诸病”。（同上）
酒，是熟谷的液体，其性剽悍急疾，饭后进入，先于食物排出，能通达关节、走窜皮肤腠理。上古时代制作汤液醪醴，制作了却不使用。后世的人嗜酒无节制，或者饮酒过度，停积不散，蕴滞于胃，散流于各条经脉，熏蒸脏腑，令人神志混乱，甚至不省人事，有连续几天无知觉的，严重则中毒，成为酒疸等各种热病。（《圣济总录》）
轻症的表现为头痛眩晕，呕吐痰涎气逆，神志昏沉烦躁，胸满恶心，饮食减少，小便不利。重症为大醉之后，突然战栗，手足厥冷，不省人事，名为“酒厥”。（《医方集解·汇补》）（按：酒厥见于《琐碎录》，引用在后面，又应当与《厥证》门类相互参照。）
喜好喝酒的人，湿热内积，生痰动火，往往发作口眼歪斜，舌强肢废，混杂似中风侵犯血脉，应当解酒除湿，消痰清火，不可以用治风药误治。（同上）
少年人放纵饮酒，多形成劳损。酒本是狂乱之药，大大损伤真阴，只有少量饮用未必没有益处，大量饮用难免受到伤害，而沉迷饮酒的人十之八九都受到其害。况且人的禀赋，脏腑有阴阳之分，而酒的性质也有阴阳。酒酿成，其性属热；汁液化于水，其质属寒。如果阴虚者纵情饮酒，则酒的质地不足以滋阴，而其性偏助火势，所以热者更热，从而产生吐血、衄血、便血、尿血、喘咳、躁烦狂妄等症状，这是酒性伤阴所致。如果阳虚者纵情饮酒，则酒的性质不足以扶阳，而其质留滞化为水湿，所以寒者更寒，从而产生鼓胀泄泻、腹痛吞酸、少食、亡阳暴脱等症状，这是酒质伤阳所致。所以放纵饮酒的人，既能伤阴，更能伤阳，危害如此之大，人们果真知道吗？何况酒能乱性，常导致因酒妄为，凡是由于伤精竭力、动气失机，以及患病不胜酒力等情况，无所不至，而阴精受损，大多毫无察觉。在放纵饮酒时，固然不考虑其危害如此之大；等到病至沉危，还不知道是被酒所困至此。所以我在此详细说明，作为放纵饮酒者的预先觉悟。（《景岳全书》）（按：酒性伤阴，本出自李东垣；气热质湿，也出自《六要》。一并引用在治疗条例中。）
酒中有热有湿，都足以造成危害，因其本气而致病。本气虚寒的人，原本不怕热，只怕湿，湿气日积，阳气日渐衰微，一旦与水邪相协而动，阴邪横发，导致闭痛呕逆，上下交剧，治法应当急驱阴邪，以回复阳气。真阳素来旺盛的人，不怕湿，只怕热，热邪遗留于后阴，导致便血生痔；热邪遗留于前阴，导致阴茎生出各种疳疮，治法应当分解热邪，而清除毒素。（《舒氏伤寒论集注》）
【酒入脏腑】以酒为浆，《素问》已有告诫；怯懦之人酒后悖乱，《灵枢》已有讥讽。朱丹溪以醇酒冷冻饮料立论，并记载葛花解酲汤，作为酒客的良药。如果日久病深，变症一起发生，又难以穷尽其源头了。唉！能不商讨此事吗？人嗜酒，起初必然专入某一脏。根据我酒后状态的推测，入于肺者则多言多喷嚏，入于心者则多笑多遗忘，入于肝者则易怒，入于脾者则思睡，入于肾者则思淫欲。多言伤肺，其后变为咳嗽消渴；多笑伤心，其后变为怔忡不寐；多睡伤脾，其后变为痞满黄疸鼓胀；易怒伤肝，其后变为胁痛吐血；思淫伤肾，其后变为腰痛脊软。既已变症之后，固然不可专门治疗酒，但也不可完全忘记酒。因为酒伤人，湿而且热，湿热之毒，永久不变，不像其他病症有六淫七情、经络传变的差异。所以治疗者，必须在治疗本脏的药物中，兼用去湿热的药物。至于葛花解酲汤，只为初患酒病的酒客设立，因为酒必先入胃，所以用消食理滞、上下分消的药物。如果用此方一概治疗变症之后的情况，固非丹溪的本意。然而我所商榷的五入理论，也只是大略而已。此外，酒后多汗强饮则胃受之，酒后面青则胆受之，酒后多尿则小肠膀胱受之，酒后积痢则大肠受之，鲜少不为病。只有胃与小肠、膀胱受者，汗则从表而散，尿则从便而除，即使多饮也能终其天年，古人所谓的“酒中仙”，大概就是这个原因吧。谚语说酒有别肠，是误言。（《医意商》）
【治疗条例】酒，是大热有毒，气味俱阳，属于无形之物。如果受伤，只应当发散，出汗就好了，其次不如利小便，这两者是上下分消其湿。现在的酒病患者，往往服用酒丸等大热之药攻下，又有用牵牛子、大黄攻下的，这是无形元气受病，反而攻下有形阴血，错误很大。酒性大热损伤元气，如果再重泻之，况且也损伤肾水，真阴及有形阴血都变得不足。这样则阴血愈虚，真水愈弱，阳毒之热大旺，反而增加其阴火，因此元气消耗，折损人的寿命，不然就会形成虚损病。酒疸若用攻下法，久久会变成黑疸，切不可犯（《辨惑》在此下说：不如令上下分消其湿），以葛花解酲汤为主治。（《脾胃论》）（按：《医学微义》对此说法稍有辩评，但语意不清，仍不收录。）
按：酒这种物，气热而质湿。饮用后昏醉易狂的，是热邪，宜用汗法去除；既醒则热去而湿留止，宜利小便即可。这两者应斟酌使用，大体上葛花解酲汤已经完备了。（《六要》）
伤酒，恶心呕逆，吐出宿酒，昏冒眩晕，头痛如破，宜用冲和汤（即参苏饮加木香）、半夏茯苓汤或理中汤，加干葛七分，或用附子理中汤合缩脾饮。酒渴，用缩脾汤，或煎干葛汤调服五苓散。久困于酒，遂成酒积，腹痛泄泻，或暴饮有灰酒，也能导致这种情况，都宜用酒煮黄连丸。多饮结成酒癖，腹中有块，随气上下移动，用冲和汤加蓬术半钱。酒停胸膈为痰饮者，用枳实半夏汤（用枳实、半夏两味）加神曲、麦麸各半钱，冲和汤加半夏一钱，茯苓七分。（《杂病广要·要诀》）
中酒属于胃弱，忌用闭气、升提、甘温、燥热、收涩的药物，宜用养胃、酸味、辛散、淡渗的药物。（《本草经疏》）
饮醉头痛方。
刮生竹皮五两，水八升，煮取五升去渣，然后加入鸡蛋五个，搅匀再煮至沸腾，二、三升服完。（《肘后备急方》）
解酒毒，或醉昏闷烦渴，想要容易醒宜服此方。
柑子皮（二两洗焙干）
上面捣细罗为散，遇到酒醉不醒，取三钱，用水一中盏，煎三、五沸，或加入少许盐花，像茶一样随时呷服，未见效再服。（《太平圣惠方》）。
治饮酒中毒方。
上面煮黑豆汁，温服一小盏，三次服用痊愈。（同上）饮酒中毒，经过一天不省人事的，用黑豆一升，煮取汁，温服一小盏，不超过三次即愈，今人称之为中酒。（《医说》）
又一方。
上面用酒浸泡干桑椹，每服一小盏，三次服用即愈。（《太平圣惠方》）
治饮酒大醉中毒方。
枳椇子树子（三两锉碎）
上面每服一两，用水一大盏，煎至五分，去渣温服。（同上）
又一方。
上面用干葛花半两为末，煎作汤，细细呷服。（同上）（按：《救急选方》载有数方，宜互参。）
千钟酒解酒毒。
蜜曲蘖（二两，又名鸡横子，研为膏，入白附子末一两，研和作饼，悬于风处，阴干成曲。） 缩砂仁 白姜（炮制各一两）
上面为细末，稀粥糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服三十丸，热盐汤送下，一会儿便苏醒。（《魏氏家藏方》）（按：先教谕曰：蜜曲蘖，即枳椇子，《本草》又名屈律，又名鸡距子。）《医级》枳椇子丸，治酒积成热，状似消中。枳椇子三两，麝香当门子二钱，为末，酒曲糊作丸，每服一钱，茶送下。（按：此方本出《苏沈良方》，宜参《消渴》。）
治饮酒过多，大醉不醒，石膏汤方。
石膏（五两） 葛根 生姜（细切各三两）
上面三味锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏，煎至一盏，去渣温服，不拘时候。（《圣济总录》）又治酒毒，积在肠胃，或呕吐不食，渴多引饮，橘皮汤，于本方去生姜，加陈橘皮、甘草。
葛花解酲汤，治饮酒太过，呕吐痰逆，心神烦乱，胸膈痞塞，手足战摇，饮食减少，小便不利。
莲花青皮（去瓤三分） 木香（五分） 橘皮（去白） 人参（去芦） 猪苓（去黑皮） 白茯苓（各钱五分）
神曲（炒黄） 泽泻 干生姜 白术（各二钱） 白豆蔻仁 葛花 砂仁（各五钱）
上面为极细末，秤和匀，每服三钱匕，白汤调下，只要得微汗，酒病就去除了。（《脾胃论》）
连葛解酲汤，治酒积，腹痛泄泻。
黄连（酒炒） 葛根 滑石 山栀（炒） 神曲 青皮 木香
加茵陈、泽泻、猪苓、肉桂，分利湿热，尤其妙。（《大还指南》）
《韦谷溪手集》治好饮之人，酒毒发作，头痛目眩，或咽喉闭闷，或下利清水，日数十行，形神委顿。（庸工误作阴寒自利，妄用温燥热药者多有之。）
用松花一两焙，陈皮五钱，川黄连三钱，甘草二钱，俱微炒，磨为末，与松花和匀，每早晚各服二钱，白汤调服，二日即愈。（《汇言》）
神妙列仙散，治饮酒所伤，以致遍身疼痛，腰脚强跛，手足顽麻，胃脘疼痛，胸膈满闷，肚腹膨胀，呕吐泻利，及酒食停久，成一切积聚，黄胆热鼓，并皆治之。
木香 沉香（各一钱） 茴香（微炒） 槟榔（各一钱） 蓄（二钱） 大黄（一两微焙炒） 麦麸（一两半） 瞿麦（五钱）
上面为末，每服三钱或五钱，五更热酒调下，能饮者多饮二三杯不妨，仰面卧，手叉胸前，至天明，取下大便如鱼脑，小便如血为效。忌生冷硬物及荤腥，止啖米粥。（《丹溪附余》）
温散诸方 治饮酒大醉，心闷腹胀，吐逆喘急，宜服此方。
草豆蔻（三分去壳） 丁香（半两） 小豆（半两） 人参（半两去芦头） 木香（半两） 高良姜（半两锉） 槟榔（半两） 陈橘皮（半两）
上面药材捣筛为散，每服三钱，用水一中盏，入生姜半分，煎至六分去渣，不计时候温服。（《太平圣惠方》）
杂证治方 烧酒醉死，《濒湖集简方》急以新汲水浸其发，外以故帛浸湿贴其胸膈，仍细细灌之，至苏乃已。心头热者，用热豆腐细切片，遍身贴，冷即换之，苏省乃止。（《本草纲目》）（宜参救急选方。）
一人饮酒大醉后，口中气仰头往外出不尽，有出气，无收气，此乃气不归元，死在须臾，诸医罔效。用韭菜根捶损，入旧酽醋，炒热，绢包熨脐下，此一包冷了，又易一包，熨至脐下温暖，气渐降而归元矣。（《济世全书》）
一人形实，好热酒，急目盲脉涩，此热酒所伤，胃气污浊，血死其中而然也。以苏木作汤，调人参末服。次日鼻及两掌，皆紫黑。予曰：滞血行矣。以四物加苏木、桃仁、红花、陈皮煎，调人参服，数日而愈。（《丹溪心法》）
【调摄法】酒虽可以陶情性，通血脉，然招风败肾，烂肠腐胁，莫过于此，饱食之后，尤宜戒之。饮酒不宜粗及速，恐伤破肺，肺为五脏之华盖，尤不可伤。当酒未醒大渴之际，不可吃水及啜茶，多被酒引入肾脏，为停毒之水，遂令腰脚重坠，膀胱冷痛，兼水肿消渴挛急之疾。（《杏仙活人心》）
[Pulse Diagnosis] The pulse is short, rapid, and slippery, indicating alcohol-induced disease. (Mai Jing)
[Symptoms] Whenever excessive alcohol is consumed, the toxicity of wine soaks into the stomach and intestines, flows into the meridians, causing the blood vessels to become full, leading to irritability, pain, mental confusion, incessant vomiting, and even remaining unconscious for days. Often, there are piercing pains in the abdomen and back. This is caused by the heat and toxicity of alcohol, so it is necessary to shake the body to help dissipate it. (Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun)
The nature of wine is disseminating and unobstructed, hence one wakes up after getting drunk because it disperses along with the blood vessels. Now, some people have stagnant and sluggish Ying and Wei Qi, with phlegm and water accumulation. If they drink again, even if not to the point of severe drunkenness or vomiting, the wine and phlegm contend with each other and cannot dissipate, resulting in abdominal fullness that does not resolve. (Ibid.)
Wine is the essence of grain and water; its Qi is fierce and highly toxic. Upon entering the stomach, it causes bloating and rebellious Qi, rising upward to the chest and internally steaming the Liver and Gallbladder. This causes the Liver Qi to float and the Gallbladder Qi to surge horizontally, leading to madness, rebellion, anger, and loss of normal temperament, thus it is called "hateful wine." (Ibid.) [Note: This takes meaning from Ling Shu: Lun Yong Pian, changing "wine rebellion" to "hateful wine."]
The nature of wine is toxic and extremely hot. Excessive consumption causes heat and toxicity to seep into the meridians and soak into the Zang-Fu organs, generating various diseases. Some present with irritability, high fever resembling Taiyang disease (Sun Yang Bing); some present with chills resembling Warm Malaria (Wen Nue); some with vomiting and diarrhea discomfort; some with nausea and oppression. The disease manifests according to the deficiency or excess of the Zang-Fu Qi. Since the symptoms are not singular, it is called "various diseases." (Ibid.)
Wine is the liquid of cooked grain; its nature is fierce, urgent, and swift. It enters after food and exits before food, capable of penetrating joints and traversing the skin and interstices. In ancient times, decoctions and fermented beverages were made but not used. Later generations indulged without restraint, or drank excessively, causing stagnation in the stomach, dispersion through the meridians, steaming of the Zang-Fu organs, mental confusion, unconsciousness, sometimes lasting days without awareness. Severe cases lead to poisoning, becoming Jaundice due to Wine (Jiu Dan) and other heat diseases. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu)
Mild cases manifest as headache, dizziness, vomiting of phlegm and rebellious Qi, mental dullness and irritability, chest fullness, nausea, reduced appetite, and difficult urination. Severe cases involve sudden shivering, cold extremities, and unconsciousness after heavy drunkenness, named "Alcohol Jue" (Jiu Jue). (Hui Bu) [Note: Jiu Jue is seen in Sui Luo Lu, cited later, and should be cross-referenced with the Jue Zheng category.]
People who enjoy drinking accumulate damp-heat internally, generating phlegm and stirring fire, often developing facial paralysis (mouth and eye deviation), stiff tongue, and limb disability, resembling Wind attacking the blood vessels. Treatment should focus on resolving alcohol, removing dampness, eliminating phlegm, and clearing fire; one must not mistakenly treat it with wind-dispelling herbs. (Ibid.)
Young people who indulge in drinking often develop consumptive damage. Wine is a drug of madness, severely damaging True Yin. Moderate drinking may have benefits, but excessive drinking inevitably causes harm, and those addicted suffer nine out of ten times. Human constitution has Yin and Yang, and wine also has Yin and Yang properties. Wine is formed by fermentation, its nature being Hot; its juice transforms from water, its substance being Cold. If a person with Yin Deficiency drinks excessively, the substance cannot nourish Yin, while the nature aids Fire, making Heat worse, leading to hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, hematuria, asthma, cough, restlessness, and madness. This is due to wine damaging Yin. If a person with Yang Deficiency drinks excessively, the nature cannot support Yang, while the substance remains as Water-Dampness, making Cold worse, leading to distension, diarrhea, abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, poor appetite, and sudden collapse of Yang. This is due to wine damaging Yang. Thus, indulging in wine damages both Yin and Yang. The harm is so great; do people truly understand? Moreover, wine confuses nature, often leading to reckless behavior, exhausting Essence and Qi, losing opportunity, and succumbing to illness. Yin is damaged, yet rarely noticed. During indulgence, one does not consider these harms; only when critically ill does one realize the extent of being trapped by wine. I detail this here as a warning for those who indulge. (Jing Yue Quan Shu) [Note: Wine damaging Yin originates from Li Dongyuan; Hot Qi and Damp Substance originate from Liu Yao. Both are cited in the treatment examples.]
Wine contains Heat and Dampness, both sufficient to cause harm based on one's original Qi. Those with deficient and Cold original Qi are not troubled by Heat but by Dampness. As Dampness accumulates daily, Yang Spirit declines. Once it moves with Water, Yin Evil erupts, causing obstruction, pain, vomiting, and rebellion, worsening above and below. The method should urgently expel Yin to restore Yang. Those with robust True Yang are not troubled by Dampness but by Heat. Heat lingering in the posterior orifice causes bloody stool and hemorrhoids; Heat lingering in the anterior orifice causes various Gan sores of the penis. The method should separate Heat and clear Toxicity. (Shu Shi Shang Han Lun Ji Zhu)
[Alcohol Entering Zang-Fu] Using wine as water is warned against in Su Wen; the rebellion of the timid after drinking is criticized in Ling Shu. Zhu Danxi established theories on strong wine and cold drinks, recording Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang as a good medicine for drinkers. If illness deepens over time and complications arise, it is hard to trace the source. Alas! How can we not discuss this? People who love wine initially affect specific Zang organs. Based on my post-drinking states: affecting Lung leads to excessive talking and sneezing; affecting Heart leads to excessive laughing and forgetting; affecting Liver leads to anger; affecting Spleen leads to sleepiness; affecting Kidney leads to lust. Excessive talking damages Lung, later changing to cough and Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst); excessive laughing damages Heart, later changing to palpitations and insomnia; excessive sleeping damages Spleen, later changing to fullness, jaundice, and distension; anger damages Liver, later changing to hypochondriac pain and hematemesis; lust damages Kidney, later changing to lower back pain and spinal softness. After transformation, one cannot treat only the wine, nor completely forget it. Wine harms with Dampness and Heat; the toxicity of Damp-Heat remains permanent, unlike other diseases with varying Six Evils, Seven Emotions, and meridian transmissions. Therefore, treatment must combine herbs for the affected Zang with those that remove Damp-Heat. Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang is only for early-stage drinkers, as wine first enters the Stomach, using herbs to digest food, regulate stagnation, and drain dampness from above and below. Using it generally for post-transformation symptoms is not Danxi's intent. My theory of "Five Entrances" is merely general. Additionally, sweating after drinking affects Stomach; bluish face affects Gallbladder; frequent urination affects Small Intestine and Bladder; dysentery after drinking affects Large Intestine. Rarely is there no disease. Only when Stomach, Small Intestine, and Bladder are affected, sweat disperses from the surface, and urine removes from the bowels, allowing longevity even with heavy drinking. The ancients' "Immortals of Wine" likely refer to this. The proverb saying wine has a separate intestine is false. (Yi Yi Shang)
[Treatment Principles] Wine is extremely hot and toxic, with Yang Qi and flavor, belonging to formless substances. If injured, one should only disperse via sweating; second best is promoting urination. These two methods drain dampness from above and below. Current patients often take hot pills or purge with Qian Niu and Da Huang. This treats formless Yuan Qi disease by purging formless Yin Blood, a grave error. Wine's extreme heat damages Yuan Qi; further purging damages Kidney Water, causing deficiency of True Yin and formless Yin Blood. Thus, Yin Blood becomes more deficient, True Water weaker, Yang Toxic Heat flares, increasing Yin Fire, consuming Yuan Qi, shortening life, or forming consumptive disease. Purging Jaundice due to Wine eventually turns it into Black Jaundice; strictly avoid this. (Bian Huo says: better to drain dampness from above and below). Use Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang as the main formula. (Pi Wei Lun) [Note: Yi Xue Wei Yi comments slightly, but the language is unclear, so not recorded.]
Note: Wine is Hot in Qi and Damp in Substance. Drunkenness and madness are due to Heat; use sweating to remove it. After waking, Heat is gone but Damp remains; promote urination to resolve it. Choose between these two methods appropriately; generally, Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang is sufficient. (Liu Yao)
For alcohol injury with nausea, vomiting old wine, dizziness, headache like splitting, use Chong He Tang (Shen Su Yin plus Mu Xiang), Ban Xia Fu Ling Tang, or Li Zhong Tang plus Gan Ge (7 fen), or Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang combined with Suo Pi Yin. For alcohol thirst, use Suo Pi Tang or Gan Ge Decoction mixed with Wu Ling San. Long-term alcohol abuse leads to Alcohol Accumulation (Jiu Ji) with abdominal pain and diarrhea, or gray wine causes similar issues; all should use Jiu Zhu Huang Lian Wan. Heavy drinking forms Alcohol Mass (Jiu Pi) with abdominal lumps moving with Qi; use Chong He Tang plus Peng Zhu (0.5 qian). Alcohol-phlegm-fluid retention in chest/diaphragm: use Zhi Shi Ban Xia Tang (Zhi Shi, Ban Xia) plus Shen Qu, Mai Fu (0.5 qian each), or Chong He Tang plus Ban Xia (1 qian), Fu Ling (0.7 qian). (Yao Jue)
Middle-alcohol belongs to Stomach weakness. Avoid Qi-stagnating, ascending, sweet-warm, drying-hot, and astringent herbs. Use Stomach-nourishing, sour, acrid-dispersing, and light-leaching herbs. (Ben Cao Jing Jiu Shu)
[Detoxifying and Clearing Formulas] (Cross-reference with Jiu Ji formulas in Ji Ju category.)
Formula for Headache after Drunkenness.
Scrape fresh bamboo skin (5 liang), boil in 8 sheng water until 5 sheng remain, strain. Add 5 eggs, stir and boil again. Drink 2-3 sheng at once. (Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang)
To resolve alcohol toxicity, or for drunken stupor, oppression, irritability, and thirst, to facilitate waking, take this formula.
Citrus reticulata peel (Er Huang, washed and dried).
Grind into fine powder. For drunken stupor, take 3 qian, boil in 1 zhong zhan water for 3-5 boils. Add a little salt flower. Sip like tea. Repeat if ineffective. (Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang)
Formula for Alcohol Poisoning.
Boil black soybean juice, take warm, 1 small cup. Cured after 3 doses. (Ibid.)
For alcohol poisoning, unconscious for a day, use 1 sheng black soybeans, boil juice, take warm, 1 small cup. Cured within 3 doses. This is what modern people call "Zhong Jiu". (Yi Shuo)
Another Formula.
Soak dried mulberry fruits in wine. Take 1 small cup per dose. Cured after 3 doses. (Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang)
Formula for Severe Drunkenness and Poisoning.
Akebia fruit (Sang Liang, chopped).
Take 1 liang per dose, boil in 1 da zhan water until 5 fen remain. Strain and take warm. (Ibid.)
Another Formula.
Use dried Puerariae Flos (Ge Hua) 0.5 liang as powder. Boil as decoction, sip slowly. (Ibid.) [Note: Jiu Ji Xuan Fang records several formulas, cross-reference.]
Qian Zhong Jiu Detoxifier.
Mi Qu Nie (2 liang, also known as Ji Heng Zi, ground into paste), add Bai Fu Zi powder (1 liang), mix and make into cakes, hang in wind to dry into Qu. Su Sha Ren, Bai Jiang (processed, 1 liang each).
Grind into fine powder, bind with thin porridge paste into pills like wutong seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with hot salt water. Wake up shortly after. (Wei Shi Jia Cang Fang) [Note: Xian Jiao Yu says: Mi Qu Nie is Akebia fruit, also called Ju Lv or Ji Ju Zi.] Yi Ji Akebia Pill treats Alcohol Accumulation turning to Heat, resembling Xiao Zhong. Akebia fruit (3 liang), She Xiang Dang Men Zi (2 qian), grind into powder, bind with wine-qu paste into pills. Take 1 qian per dose with tea. [Note: Originates from Su Shen Liang Fang, cross-reference with Xiao Ke.]
Shi Gao Tang for Excessive Drinking and Unconsciousness.
Shi Gao (5 liang), Ge Gen, Sheng Jiang (finely cut, 3 liang each).
Chop like hemp seeds. Take 5 qian bi per dose, boil in 2 zhan water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm, any time. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu)
Also treats alcohol toxicity accumulated in stomach/intestines, vomiting, anorexia, excessive thirst. Ju Pi Tang: Remove Sheng Jiang from above, add Chen Ju Pi and Gan Cao.
Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang treats excessive drinking, vomiting phlegm/rebellious Qi, mental restlessness, chest/diaphragm oppression, trembling limbs, reduced appetite, difficult urination.
Lian Hua Qing Pi (de-seeded, 3 fen), Mu Xiang (5 fen), Ju Pi (de-white), Ren Shen (de-radicle), Zhu Ling (de-black skin), Bai Fu Ling (each 1.5 qian).
Shen Qu (fried yellow), Ze Xie, Gan Sheng Jiang, Bai Zhu (each 2 qian), Bai Dou Kou Ren, Ge Hua, Sha Ren (each 5 qian).
Grind to very fine powder, mix evenly. Take 3 qian bi per dose with white water. Mild sweating indicates cure. (Pi Wei Lun)
Lian Ge Jie Cheng Tang treats Alcohol Accumulation with abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Huang Lian (wine-fried), Ge Gen, Hua Shi, Shan Zhi (fried), Shen Qu, Qing Pi, Mu Xiang.
Add Yin Chen, Ze Xie, Zhu Ling, Rou Gui to separate and drain Damp-Heat, especially effective. (Da Hai)
Wei Gu Xi Shou Ji treats chronic drinkers with alcohol toxicity flare-ups: headache, dizziness, throat obstruction, watery diarrhea dozens of times daily, physical and spiritual exhaustion. (Quacks often mistake this for Yin-Cold spontaneous diarrhea and wrongly use warm-dry-hot drugs.)
Use Song Hua (1 liang, baked), Chen Pi (5 qian), Chuan Huang Lian (3 qian), Gan Cao (2 qian), lightly fried, ground to powder, mixed with Song Hua. Take 2 qian morning and evening with white water. Cured in 2 days. (Hui Yan)
Shen Miao Lie Xian San treats alcohol injury causing whole-body pain, stiff/limping waist and legs, numb hands/feet, epigastric pain, chest oppression, abdominal distension, vomiting/diarrhea, long-standing food/wine stagnation forming masses, jaundice, and hot distension. All are treated.
Mu Xiang, Chen Xiang (each 1 qian), Hui Xiang (lightly fried), Bing Lang (each 1 qian), Xu Shu (2 qian), Da Huang (1 liang, lightly baked/fried), Mai Fu (1.5 liang), Qu Mai (5 qian).
Grind to powder. Take 3-5 qian per dose at dawn with hot wine. Those who can drink, drink 2-3 cups more. Lie on back, hands crossed on chest. By morning, passing stool like fish brain and urine like blood indicates efficacy. Avoid cold/raw/hard foods and meat/fish; eat only rice porridge. (Dan Xi Fu Yu)
[Warming and Dispersing Formulas] Treat severe drunkenness with chest oppression, abdominal distension, vomiting, wheezing. Take this formula.
Cao Dou Kou (de-husked, 3 fen), Ding Xiang (0.5 liang), Xiao Dou (0.5 liang), Ren Shen (de-radicle, 0.5 liang), Mu Xiang (0.5 liang), Gao Liang Jiang (chopped, 0.5 liang), Bing Lang (0.5 liang), Chen Ju Pi (0.5 liang).
Grind/sift into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 zhong zhan water with 0.5 fen Sheng Jiang until 6 fen remain. Strain and take warm, any time. (Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang)
For sudden fainting due to Alcohol Jue, pour fresh ginger juice into mouth, immediate recovery. (Sui Luo Lu)
[Miscellaneous Case Formulas] For death by sorghum liquor intoxication, from Bin Hu Ji Jian Fang: urgently soak hair in fresh well water, apply wet old cloth to chest/diaphragm, and slowly pour water. Stop when recovered. If heart head is hot, apply thinly sliced hot tofu all over body, replace when cool. Stop when recovered. (Ben Cao Gang Mu) [Cross-reference with Jiu Ji Xuan Fang.]
Case: After heavy drinking, breath exhaled upwards and outwards, unable to retract. Qi fails to return to origin, death imminent. Doctors failed. Crush leek roots, mix with old strong vinegar, heat, wrap in silk, moxa/compress under navel. Replace when cool. Compress until navel area warms, Qi gradually descends and returns to origin. (Ji Shi Quan Shu)
Case: Robust man, loves hot wine, suddenly blind, pulse choppy. Injury from hot wine, turbid Stomach Qi, dead blood inside. Make Su Mu decoction, mix with Ren Shen powder. Next day, nose and palms turn purple-black. I said: Stagnant blood is moving. Use Si Wu Tang plus Su Mu, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Chen Pi decocted, mixed with Ren Shen powder. Cured in days. (Dan Xi Xin Fa)
[Regulation Method] Wine can cultivate temperament and unblock blood vessels, but attracts wind, damages Kidneys, rots intestines, and corrupts ribs, none worse than this. Especially avoid after full meals. Do not drink roughly or quickly, lest you damage the Lung, the canopy of the Five Zang, which must not be harmed. When thirsty after drinking before sobering up, do not drink water or tea, as wine often carries toxins into Kidneys, becoming stagnant toxic water, causing heavy/heavy waist and legs, cold painful Bladder, edema, Xiao Ke, and spasms. (Xing Xian Huo Ren Xin)