经曰∶风寒湿三气杂至，合而为痹也。夫六淫之邪，暑燥火为阳，风寒湿为阴，阴气迭乘，营
卫不通，经脉阻滞，筋骨肉三部俱病，而三痹之症作矣。其风气胜者为行痹。风为阴中之阳，中人
最速其性善走，窜入经络，故历节作痛而为行痹。寒气胜者为痛痹。寒为阴中之阴，乘于肌肉筋骨
之间，营卫闭塞，筋骨拘挛，不通则痛故为痛痹。湿气胜者为着痹。着者重着难移。湿从土化，病
在肌肉不在筋骨，所谓腰间如带五千钱者是也。古有三痹汤，今复自制三方，以附于后。
风痹者，血不营筋，风入节络，当以养血为第一，通络次之，去风又次之。若不补血而先事搜
风，营愈燥而筋益拘挛，殊非治法。先用大剂补血去风，后即加入参、苓白术以补气分，营卫平调，
方无偏胜之患。温经养营汤主之。
温经养营汤（自制）
生地（三钱切片红花炒） 熟地（三钱切片砂仁炒） 白芍（一钱五分酒炒） 当归（二钱）
枸杞（三钱） 鹿筋（五钱切片） 木瓜（一钱酒炒） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱酒炒）
桂枝（五分） 秦艽（一钱） 甜瓜子（三钱炒研） 木香（五分） 红枣（十枚） 姜（
三片） 桑枝（一尺）
风气胜者为行痹，去风必先养血。本方以鹿筋、枸杞为主药，以归、芍、二地大养阴血，以桂枝、
姜、枣调和营卫，以川断、独活、秦艽、桑枝、木瓜、甜瓜子搜风通络，再加一味木香以调气。立
方已极周匝，而先生尚有风去血活之后，减轻风药，再加补气药之叮咛，可见良医之用心无微不至
矣。祖怡注。
痛痹者，营卫受寒，不通而痛，宜调养气血，温通经络，龙火汤主之。
龙火汤（自制）
苁蓉（三钱） 肉桂（五分） 党参（四钱） 茯苓（二钱） 白术（一钱）
当归（二钱酒炒） 白芍（一钱酒炒） 木香（五分） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱酒炒）
角霜（四钱） 蚕砂（三钱） 红枣（十枚） 姜（三片）
寒气胜者为痛痹，止痛必先去寒。角霜、苁蓉、肉桂，是本方之主药。参、术、苓以补气，归
、芍以养血，川断、独活、蚕砂以去风寒湿，姜、枣、木香调营卫之气。着重在龙火，而寒无立足
之地矣。祖怡注。
着痹者，病在肌肉当补土燥湿，立极汤主之。
立极汤（自制）
党参（四钱） 附子（六分） 当归（二钱） 茯苓（三钱） 白术（一钱）
茅术（一钱） 破故纸（一钱五分） 杜仲（二钱） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱） 牛膝
（二钱） 红枣（五枚） 姜（三片） 苡仁（一两煎汤代水）
湿气胜者为着痹，去湿必先崇土。湿胜必先阳微，附子、茅术、故纸是本方之主药。以参、苓
、白术助主药以回阳而扶土。病虽在肌肉，亦不能置筋骨而不问，仲、断、独活、苡仁健筋骨，而
未尝无益于肌肉。以当归、牛膝、姜、枣利血脉而和营卫，着重在扶阳气以胜湿。 三痹多起于营
卫不通，故俱用姜、枣，而当归、川断、独活，亦为必不可少之要药。祖怡注。
三痹之外，又有脏腑之痹，症治详后。
肺痹者，烦满喘而呕。此一条明是肺胃同病。肺居至高，脉循胃口，肺气受邪，从胃而上，清
肃之令不能下行，故烦满而喘。其作呕，则胃亦受邪，水谷之气不安也。桑朴汤主之。
桑朴汤（自制）
桑皮（二钱） 浓朴（一钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 茯苓（二钱） 沉香（
五分） 苏子（一钱五分） 杏仁（三钱） 蒌皮（二钱） 贝母（二钱） 郁金（二钱）
佛手（五分） 姜（三片）
桑朴汤，命名以桑皮泻肺、浓朴平胃为主药。用《金匮》半夏浓朴汤全方，以苏子易苏叶。彼
治咽中如有炙脔，此治烦满喘而呕，皆所以利气。橘红、蒌皮、杏仁宣肺化痰，沉香、郁金、佛手
和胃利气，贝母通治痰郁。其中浓朴、杏仁治喘，浓朴治满，半夏治呕，皆长沙古法。肺胃同治，
先生始终不肯放松一呕字。祖怡注。
心痹者，脉不通，烦则心下鼓，暴上气而喘，嗌干善噫，厥气上则恐。此一条乃心经主病而兼肾
病也。心为生血之脏，百脉皆朝于心。心脉支者挟咽，直者上肺。心营不足，故脉不通。心气不舒
，故心下鼓，暴上气而喘。嗌干善噫，则支脉与直脉俱病也。厥气乃肾之邪，水来克火，神衰而恐
。恐属于肾，肾病应于心，故为兼病也。宜养心营，通心气，火能生土，则可以制水矣。通阳抑阴
煎主之。
通阳抑阴煎（自制）
当归（二钱） 琥珀（一钱） 辰砂（五分） 丹参（三钱） 远志（五分甘草水炒）
沉香（五分） 破故纸（一钱五分） 益智仁（一钱） 茯神（二钱） 白术（一钱） 枣（
二枚） 姜（三片）
本方以辰砂、琥珀为主药，而以茯神、远志安心气，以丹参、当归养心血，白术、姜、枣扶脾
而和营卫，故纸益智、沉香温命门而通肾气。心脾之血相通，心肾之气相合。上方沉香同郁金则治
肺，此方沉香同琥珀则治心气痹，泻之即所以安之也。祖怡注。
肝痹者，夜卧则惊，多饮，数小便，上为引，如怀。此一条乃肝经主病，而波及脾胃者也。肝
为多血之脏，而主藏魂。肝受邪则魂不安，而夜卧惊悸。木郁生火，积而成热，故多饮而小便数也。
上为引者，渴而引饮也。如怀者，腹大如怀物也。此由肝火上升犯胃，故胃热而渴；肝气下行克脾，
故脾弱而胀也。宜养血疏肝，兼调脾胃，三灵汤主之。
三灵汤（自制）
当归（二钱） 白芍（一钱） 羚羊角（一钱五分） 龙齿（二钱） 石决（六钱）
半夏曲（三钱） 柴胡（一钱） 葛根（二钱） 茯神（二钱） 白术（一钱） 青
皮（一钱） 冬瓜子（三钱煎汤代水）
本方以羚羊、龙齿、石决为主药，故名为三灵。当归、白芍是肝家之血药，柴胡、青皮是肝家
之气药，茯神、白术以顾心脾。肝非心不灵，肝病先实脾。葛根、半夏曲、冬瓜子所以和胃，胃和
而肝不能犯，肝病除而脾胃安矣。祖怡注。
肾痹者，善胀，尻以代踵，脊以代头。旧解谓肾为脾胃之关，肾痹则邪及脾胃，故腹善胀。尻
以代踵者，足挛不能伸。脊以代头者，身偻不能直。此说近似而未畅。盖善胀者，乃肾中真阳不运
，重阴凝结所致。尻以代踵者，缘少阴之脉斜走足心，出于然谷之下，循内踝之后，别入跟中，肾
痹则两足废而不能行也。脊以代头者，乃精气耗散，天柱不振也。当发肾中之阳，使重阴解散，精
气来复，庶几首与足渐有起色。消阴来复汤主之。
消阴来复汤（自制）
鹿茸（一钱） 附子（八分） 枸杞（三钱） 菟丝（四钱） 当归（二钱）
破故纸（一钱五分） 益智仁（一钱） 小茴香（一钱） 牛膝（二钱） 木香（五分）
独活（一钱酒炒） 金毛脊（二钱去毛切片） 枣（二枚） 姜（三片）
肾中之阳，命门也，督脉也。鹿茸血肉有情，善能补督脉，天柱骨督脉所主也。附子补肾阳要
药，枸、菟能补八脉，故纸温肾命，益智温脾肾，当归、姜、枣和营卫，毛脊健脊足，二香温胃肠
，独活、牛膝健两足。痹为阴病，阴盛必伤阳，救阳不得不用温补温通，此原则也，亦定法也。祖
怡注。
脾痹者，四肢懈惰，发咳呕汁，上为大塞。此一条乃脾病而兼肺胃病也。脾主四肢，脾病故四
肢懈惰。土败则金衰，故发咳。脾病则胃亦病，故呕汁。地气不升，天气不降，干金之令不行，故
上为大塞也。安贞汤主之。
安贞汤（自制）
党参（四钱） 炮姜（六分） 当归（二钱） 半夏（一钱） 茯苓（三钱）
白术（一钱） 浓朴（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 桑皮（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 苏子
（一钱五分） 陈香橼皮（六分）
本方以理中、四君去甘草，加当归以活血补血，桑皮苏子、杏仁以泻肺，浓朴、砂仁、香橼以
利气。寒去肺开，气顺而大塞通矣。祖怡注。
肠痹者，数饮而出不得，中气喘争，时发飧泄。小肠上通胃口，下接大肠。病在小肠，郁而成热
，故渴而数饮。下焦之气闭塞不通，故小溲不得出。气化不及膀胱，水不下行，逆而犯肺，故中气
喘争。小水不入州都，而并入大肠，故时发飧泄也。加味木通汤主之。
加味木通汤（自制）
木通（二钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱五分） 赤苓（二钱） 贝母（二钱）
桑皮（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 瞿麦（二钱） 牛膝（二钱） 车前（二钱）
灯芯（三尺）
本方以木通为主药，即认定肠为小肠也。心与小肠为表里，而赤苓、车前、瞿麦、灯芯、牛膝
莫非利湿之品，使郁热从水道而去，即所以治数饮而出不得也，水谷分而飧泄止矣。气喘不免有痰
阻，半、贝、橘、杏化痰。即所以通气而平喘也。祖怡注。
胞痹者，少腹膀胱按之内痛，若沃以汤，涩于小便，上为清涕。膀胱气闭，水液满而不出，故
按之内痛。气有余则生火，内有热，故如汤之沃也。足太阳之脉，起于目内 ，上额交巅，其直者
从巅入络脑。膀胱气闭，故小便下涩，清涕上流也。利济汤主之。
利济汤（自制）
泽泻（一钱五分） 沉香（五分） 枳壳（一钱） 青皮（一钱） 赤苓（二钱）
当归（二钱） 赤芍（一钱） 广皮（一钱） 牛膝（二钱） 车前（二钱） 小
蓟根（五钱）
膀胱，太阳寒水之腑也。按之内痛。涩于小便，不但水停不肯去，亦且有蓄血为之阻。泽泻、
赤苓、车前所
以去停水；当归、赤芍、牛膝、小蓟所以行蓄血；沉香、枳壳、青陈皮所以利气，气利则停水蓄血
亦必随之而去矣。祖怡注。
痹证一门，立方虽不多，而选药则极有尺度。盖痹之为害，气血不通也。十方之中，八方皆
用当归，气味俱浓，能行能补，血中气药，无出当归之右，先生重用之，即所以重视之也。惟桑朴
汤、木通汤二方不用者，以其病不在血也。用沉香者有桑朴汤、抑阴煎、利济汤三方，以气痹已极
，非枳、朴、香、砂、郁金、小茴、青、陈、橼、苏、杏所能胜任，惟有沉香之大力，能摧枯拉朽
，无坚不破也。虚证之所大忌，即实证之大将也。初学于此等处，必须深入研究。祖怡又注。
《黄帝内经》说：风、寒、湿三种邪气混杂侵袭人体，结合而成为痹证。六淫邪气中，暑、燥、火属于阳邪，风、寒、湿属于阴邪。阴邪交替侵犯，导致营卫之气运行不畅，经脉阻滞，筋、骨、肉三个部位都发生病变，于是三痹的症状就出现了。其中风气偏胜的称为行痹。风是阴中的阳邪，侵入人体最快，其性质善于游走，窜入经络，所以导致关节疼痛且痛处不定，成为行痹。寒气偏胜的称为痛痹。寒是阴中的阴邪，乘虚侵入肌肉筋骨之间，使营卫闭塞，筋骨拘挛，不通则痛，所以称为痛痹。湿气偏胜的称为着痹。“着”意为沉重固定难以移动。湿邪从土化生，病位在肌肉而不在筋骨，所谓“腰部感觉像带着五千枚铜钱那样沉重”就是这种情况。古代有三痹汤，现在我又自制了三个方剂，附在后面。
对于风痹（行痹），是因为血液不能濡养筋脉，风邪侵入节络，治疗应当以养血为第一要务，通络次之，祛风又次之。如果不补血而先致力于搜风，会导致营血更加干燥，筋脉更加拘挛，这完全不是正确的治法。先用大剂量药物补血祛风，随后加入人参、茯苓、白术来补气分，使营卫平和协调，方无偏颇之患。以温经养营汤为主方。
温经养营汤（自制）
生地（三钱，切片，用红花炒） 熟地（三钱，切片，用砂仁炒） 白芍（一钱五分，酒炒） 当归（二钱）
枸杞（三钱） 鹿筋（五钱，切片） 木瓜（一钱，酒炒） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱，酒炒）
桂枝（五分） 秦艽（一钱） 甜瓜子（三钱，炒后研碎） 木香（五分） 红枣（十枚） 姜（三片） 桑枝（一尺）
风气偏胜的为行痹，祛风必须先养血。本方以鹿筋、枸杞为主药，用当归、白芍、生地、熟地大量滋养阴血，用桂枝、姜、枣调和营卫，用川断、独活、秦艽、桑枝、木瓜、甜瓜子搜剔风邪、疏通经络，再加一味木香来调畅气机。立方的构思已经极其周密，而先生还有嘱咐：在风邪去除、血液流通之后，要减轻祛风药的用量，再加入补气药，可见良医用心无微不至。祖怡注。
痛痹，是因为营卫受到寒邪侵袭，气血不通而疼痛，适宜调养气血，温通经络，以龙火汤为主方。
龙火汤（自制）
苁蓉（三钱） 肉桂（五分） 党参（四钱） 茯苓（二钱） 白术（一钱）
当归（二钱，酒炒） 白芍（一钱，酒炒） 木香（五分） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱，酒炒）
角霜（四钱） 蚕砂（三钱） 红枣（十枚） 姜（三片）
寒气偏胜的为痛痹，止痛必须先去寒。角霜、苁蓉、肉桂是本方的主药。人参、白术、茯苓来补气，当归、白芍来养血，川断、独活、蚕砂来祛除风寒湿邪，姜、枣、木香调和营卫之气。重点在于温助龙火，使得寒邪无处立足。祖怡注。
立极汤（自制）
党参（四钱） 附子（六分） 当归（二钱） 茯苓（三钱） 白术（一钱）
茅术（一钱） 破故纸（一钱五分） 杜仲（二钱） 川断（二钱） 独活（一钱） 牛膝（二钱）
红枣（五枚） 姜（三片） 苡仁（一两，煎汤代水）
湿气偏胜的为着痹，去湿必须先崇奉脾胃（土）。湿邪偏胜必然阳气微弱，附子、茅术、破故纸是本方的主药。用人参、茯苓、白术辅助主药来回阳扶土。病虽然主要在肌肉，也不能不管筋骨，杜仲、川断、独活、苡仁强健筋骨，同时也对肌肉有益。用当归、牛膝、姜、枣利血脉而调和营卫，重点在于扶助阳气以战胜湿邪。三痹多起于营卫不通，所以都使用姜、枣，而当归、川断、独活也是必不可少的要药。祖怡注。
肺痹，表现为烦闷、喘促且呕吐。这一条明确是肺胃同病。肺居身体最高处，经脉循行经过胃口，肺气受邪，随胃气上逆，清肃下降的功能不能下行，所以出现烦闷和喘促。至于呕吐，则是胃也受了邪气，水谷之气不安宁所致。以桑朴汤为主方。
桑朴汤（自制）
桑皮（二钱） 浓朴（一钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 茯苓（二钱） 沉香（五分）
苏子（一钱五分） 杏仁（三钱） 蒌皮（二钱） 贝母（二钱） 郁金（二钱）
佛手（五分） 姜（三片）
桑朴汤，命名是以桑皮泻肺、浓朴平胃为主药。使用《金匮要略》中的半夏厚朴汤全方，用苏子代替苏叶。原方治疗咽喉中有如炙肉块梗阻感，此方治疗烦闷、喘促和呕吐，都是为了利气。橘红、蒌皮、杏仁宣发肺气、化痰，沉香、郁金、佛手和胃利气，贝母通治痰郁。其中浓朴、杏仁治喘，浓朴治满闷，半夏治呕吐，都是张仲景的古法。肺胃同治，先生始终不肯放松对“呕吐”这一症状的治疗。祖怡注。
心痹，表现为脉道不通，心烦时感到心下悸动如鼓，突然气逆上冲而喘，咽干喜欢打嗝，厥逆之气上冲则恐惧。这一条是心经主病而兼有肾病。心是生成血液的脏器，百脉都朝会于心。心的支脉挟持咽喉，直行者上达于肺。心营不足，所以脉道不通。心气不舒，所以心下悸动，突然气逆上冲而喘。咽干喜欢打嗝，说明支脉和直脉都病了。厥气是肾的邪气，水来克火，神气衰败而产生恐惧。恐惧归属于肾，肾病应及于心，所以是兼病。适宜滋养心营，通利心气，火能生土，从而可以制约水邪。以通阳抑阴煎为主方。
通阳抑阴煎（自制）
当归（二钱） 琥珀（一钱） 辰砂（五分） 丹参（三钱） 远志（五分，甘草水炒）
沉香（五分） 破故纸（一钱五分） 益智仁（一钱） 茯神（二钱） 白术（一钱） 枣（二枚） 姜（三片）
本方以辰砂、琥珀为主药，用茯神、远志安心气，用丹参、当归养心血，用白术、姜、枣扶持脾气而调和营卫，用破故纸、益智仁、沉香温补命门而通肾气。心脾之血相通，心肾之气相合。上方沉香配合郁金则治肺痹，此方沉香配合琥珀则治心气痹，泻实即是安神。祖怡注。
肝痹，夜间睡眠则惊悸，多饮，小便频数，上部牵引不适，腹部胀大如怀孕状。这一条是肝经主病，而波及脾胃。肝是多血的脏器，主藏魂。肝受邪气则魂不安，所以夜间睡眠惊悸。木郁而生火，积久成热，所以多饮且小便频数。“上为引”是指口渴而引饮。“如怀”是指腹部胀大如怀物。这是由于肝火上升侵犯胃，所以胃热而渴；肝气下行克制脾，所以脾弱而胀。适宜养血疏肝，兼调脾胃，以三灵汤为主方。
三灵汤（自制）
当归（二钱） 白芍（一钱） 羚羊角（一钱五分） 龙齿（二钱） 石决明（六钱）
半夏曲（三钱） 柴胡（一钱） 葛根（二钱） 茯神（二钱） 白术（一钱） 青皮（一钱）
冬瓜子（三钱，煎汤代水）
本方以羚羊角、龙齿、石决明为主药，所以名为三灵。当归、白芍是肝脏的血分药，柴胡、青皮是肝脏的气分药，茯神、白术顾护心脾。肝非心则不灵，肝病先实脾。葛根、半夏曲、冬瓜子用来和胃，胃气和则肝不能侵犯，肝病消除而脾胃安宁。祖怡注。
肾痹，表现为容易腹胀，臀部代替脚跟行走（足挛不能伸），脊柱代替头部直立（身偻不能直）。旧的解释认为肾是脾胃的关口，肾痹则邪气波及脾胃，所以腹部容易胀。臀部代替脚跟，是指足部拘挛不能伸展。脊柱代替头部，是指身体弯曲不能挺直。这种说法近似但未透彻。我认为，“善胀”是由于肾中真阳不运，重阴凝结所致。“尻以代踵”，是因为少阴肾经斜走足心，出于然谷穴之下，沿内踝后方，别入跟中，肾痹则两足废用而不能行走。“脊以代头”，是因为精气耗散，天柱骨（脊柱）不振。应当激发肾中之阳，使重阴解散，精气来复，这样头和脚才逐渐有好转。以消阴来复汤为主方。
消阴来复汤（自制）
鹿茸（一钱） 附子（八分） 枸杞（三钱） 菟丝子（四钱） 当归（二钱）
破故纸（一钱五分） 益智仁（一钱） 小茴香（一钱） 牛膝（二钱） 木香（五分）
独活（一钱，酒炒） 金毛脊（二钱，去毛切片） 枣（二枚） 姜（三片）
肾中之阳，即命门，也是督脉。鹿茸是血肉有情之品，善于补督脉，天柱骨由督脉所主。附子是补肾阳的要药，枸杞、菟丝子能补八脉，破故纸温肾命，益智仁温脾肾，当归、姜、枣调和营卫，金毛脊强健脊足，木香、小茴香温胃肠，独活、牛膝强健两足。痹证属于阴病，阴盛必然伤阳，救阳不得不使用温补温通之法，这是原则，也是定法。祖怡注。
脾痹，表现为四肢懈怠懒惰，发作咳嗽、呕吐涎沫，上部严重痞塞。这一条是脾病而兼肺胃病。脾主四肢，脾病所以四肢懈怠。土败则金衰，所以发作咳嗽。脾病则胃也病，所以呕吐涎沫。地气不升，天气不降，金令不行，所以上部严重痞塞。以安贞汤为主方。
安贞汤（自制）
党参（四钱） 炮姜（六分） 当归（二钱） 半夏（一钱） 茯苓（三钱）
白术（一钱） 浓朴（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 桑皮（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 苏子（一钱五分）
陈香橼皮（六分）
本方以理中汤、四君子汤去掉甘草，加当归以活血补血，桑皮、苏子、杏仁以泻肺，浓朴、砂仁、香橼以利气。寒邪去除，肺气宣开，气机顺遂而大塞通利。祖怡注。
肠痹，表现为多次饮水但小便排不出，腹中气机紊乱作响，时常发生完谷不化的泄泻。小肠上通胃口，下接大肠。病在小肠，郁结而成热，所以口渴而多次饮水。下焦气机闭塞不通，所以小便排不出。气化功能不及膀胱，水液不下行，反而上逆犯肺，所以腹中气机紊乱作响。小便不入膀胱（州都），而并入大肠，所以时常发生完谷不化的泄泻。以加味木通汤为主方。
加味木通汤（自制）
木通（二钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱五分） 赤茯苓（二钱） 贝母（二钱）
桑皮（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 瞿麦（二钱） 牛膝（二钱） 车前子（二钱）
灯芯（三尺）
本方以木通为主药，即认定病位为小肠。心与小肠互为表里，而赤茯苓、车前子、瞿麦、灯芯、牛膝无非是利湿的药物，使郁热从水道排出，这就是治疗多次饮水但小便排不出的方法，水谷分离而泄泻停止。气喘不免有痰阻，半夏、贝母、橘红、杏仁化痰。这就是通气而平喘的方法。祖怡注。
胞痹，表现为小腹膀胱部位按压内部疼痛，感觉像被热水浇淋一样，小便涩滞，上部流出清涕。膀胱气机闭塞，水液充满而不出，所以按压内部疼痛。气有余则生火，内有热，所以感觉像被热水浇淋。足太阳膀胱经，起于目内眦，上额交巅，直行者从巅入络脑。膀胱气闭，所以小便下涩，清涕上流。以利济汤为主方。
利济汤（自制）
泽泻（一钱五分） 沉香（五分） 枳壳（一钱） 青皮（一钱） 赤茯苓（二钱）
当归（二钱） 赤芍（一钱） 广陈皮（一钱） 牛膝（二钱） 车前子（二钱） 小蓟根（五钱）
膀胱，是太阳寒水之腑。按压内部疼痛，小便涩滞，不仅是水停不去，也有蓄血阻碍。泽泻、赤茯苓、车前子用来去除停水；当归、赤芍、牛膝、小蓟用来行散蓄血；沉香、枳壳、青皮、陈皮用来利气，气机通畅则停水和蓄血也必然随之而去。祖怡注。
痹证一门，立方虽然不多，但选药极有尺度。大概痹证的危害，在于气血不通。十个方剂中，有八个都用到了当归，气味浓厚，能行能补，是血中的气药，没有超过当归的，先生重用当归，就是重视它的意思。只有桑朴汤、木通汤两个方子不用当归，因为它们的病不在血分。用到沉香的有桑朴汤、抑阴煎、利济汤三个方子，因为气痹已经极重，不是枳壳、厚朴、木香、砂仁、郁金、小茴香、青皮、陈皮、香橼、苏子、杏仁所能胜任的，唯有沉香的大力，能摧枯拉朽，无坚不破。虚证所大忌的，正是实证的大将。初学者在这些地方，必须深入研究。祖怡又注。
The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic* states: When Wind, Cold, and Dampness (Feng, Han, Shi) three pathogens mix and invade together, they combine to form Bi Syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome). Among the Six Excesses (Liu Yin), Summerheat, Dryness, and Fire are Yang pathogens, while Wind, Cold, and Dampness are Yin pathogens. When Yin pathogens alternate in attacking, Ying (Nutritive Qi) and Wei (Defensive Qi) fail to circulate smoothly, meridians become blocked, and the three parts—Tendons (Jin), Bones (Gu), and Flesh (Rou)—all suffer disease, thus giving rise to the symptoms of the Three BIs. When Wind pathogen predominates, it is called Moving Bi (Xing Bi). Wind is a Yang within Yin; it invades the human body most rapidly. Its nature is agile and wandering,窜入 (penetrating) into the meridians, causing pain in the joints that moves about, hence termed Moving Bi. When Cold pathogen predominates, it is called Painful Bi (Tong Bi). Cold is a Yin within Yin; it attacks between the muscles, tendons, and bones, blocking Ying and Wei, causing stiffness and spasm of tendons and bones. "Where there is no free flow, there is pain," hence termed Painful Bi. When Dampness pathogen predominates, it is called Fixed Bi (Zhuo Bi). "Fixed" means heavy and fixed, difficult to move. Dampness transforms from Earth; the disease lies in the flesh, not in the tendons and bones. This is what is meant by "the waist feeling as if carrying five thousand coins." In ancient times, there was San Bi Tang (Three Bi Decoction); now I have self-formulated three new prescriptions, attached below.
For Wind Bi (Moving Bi), blood fails to nourish the tendons, and Wind pathogen enters the joint collaterals. Treatment should prioritize nourishing Blood first, unblocking collaterals second, and expelling Wind third. If one does not nourish Blood but first engages in searching for Wind, Ying Blood becomes drier, and tendons become more spasmodic, which is entirely contrary to proper treatment principles. First use a large dose of herbs to nourish Blood and expel Wind; subsequently add Ren Shen (Codonopsis Ginseng), Fu Ling (Poria), and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) to tonify Qi. When Ying and Wei are balanced and harmonized, there will be no risk of imbalance. The primary prescription is Wen Jing Yang Ying Tang (Warming Meridians and Nourishing Ying Decoction).
**Wen Jing Yang Ying Tang (Self-formulated)**
Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root, 3 qian, sliced, stir-fried with Hong Hua/Safflower)
Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root, 3 qian, sliced, stir-fried with Sha Ren/Amomum Fruit)
Bai Shao (White Peony Root, 1.5 qian, wine-fried)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Gou Qi Zi (Goji Berry, 3 qian)
Lu Jin (Deer Tendon, 5 qian, sliced)
Mu Gua (Chinese Quince Fruit, 1 qian, wine-fried)
Chuan Duan (Dipsacus Root, 2 qian)
Du Huo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 1 qian, wine-fried)
Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, 0.5 qian)
Qin Jiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root, 1 qian)
Tian Gua Lou Zi (Trichosanthes Seed, 3 qian, stir-fried and crushed)
Mu Xiang (Costus Root, 0.5 qian)
Hong Zao (Jujube, 10 pieces)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
Sang Zhi (Mulberry Twig, 1 chi)
When Wind pathogen predominates, it is Moving Bi; expelling Wind must begin with nourishing Blood. This formula uses Lu Jin and Gou Qi Zi as principal herbs; Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Sheng Di Huang, and Shu Di Huang greatly nourish Yin and Blood; Gui Zhi, Sheng Jiang, and Hong Zao harmonize Ying and Wei; Chuan Duan, Du Huo, Qin Jiao, Sang Zhi, Mu Gua, and Tian Gua Lou Zi search for Wind and unblock collaterals; plus Mu Xiang to regulate Qi. The formulation is extremely comprehensive. However, the author further advises that after Wind is removed and Blood flows freely, the dosage of Wind-expelling herbs should be reduced, and Qi-tonifying herbs added. This reveals the meticulous care of a good physician. Note by Zu Yi.
Painful Bi occurs when Ying and Wei are invaded by Cold, leading to obstruction and pain. It is suitable to regulate and tonify Qi and Blood, and warm and unblock the meridians. The primary prescription is Long Huo Tang (Dragon Fire Decoction).
**Long Huo Tang (Self-formulated)**
Rong Rui (Cistanche Stem, 3 qian)
Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark, 0.5 qian)
Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root, 4 qian)
Fu Ling (Poria, 2 qian)
Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 qian)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian, wine-fried)
Bai Shao (White Peony Root, 1 qian, wine-fried)
Mu Xiang (Costus Root, 0.5 qian)
Chuan Duan (Dipsacus Root, 2 qian)
Du Huo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 1 qian, wine-fried)
Jiao Shuang (Antler Glue, 4 qian)
Can Sha (Silkworm Frass, 3 qian)
Hong Zao (Jujube, 10 pieces)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
When Cold pathogen predominates, it is Painful Bi; stopping pain requires first expelling Cold. Jiao Shuang, Rong Rui, and Rou Gui are the principal herbs of this formula. Dang Shen, Bai Zhu, and Fu Ling tonify Qi; Dang Gui and Bai Shao nourish Blood; Chuan Duan, Du Huo, and Can Sha expel Wind, Cold, and Dampness; Sheng Jiang, Hong Zao, and Mu Xiang harmonize Ying and Wei Qi. The emphasis is on warming Dragon Fire, leaving no place for Cold to stand. Note by Zu Yi.
Fixed Bi involves disease in the muscles; it requires tonifying Earth (Spleen/Stomach) and drying Dampness. The primary prescription is Li Ji Tang (Establishing Ultimate Decoction).
**Li Ji Tang (Self-formulated)**
Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root, 4 qian)
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, 0.6 qian)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Fu Ling (Poria, 3 qian)
Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 qian)
Mao Zhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome, 1 qian)
Po Gu Zhi (Cibotium Barometz Spore, 1.5 qian)
Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark, 2 qian)
Chuan Duan (Dipsacus Root, 2 qian)
Du Huo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 1 qian)
Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root, 2 qian)
Hong Zao (Jujube, 5 pieces)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
Yi Yi Ren (Coix Seed, 1 liang, decocted water used instead of regular water)
When Dampness pathogen predominates, it is Fixed Bi; removing Dampness requires strengthening Earth (Spleen). Dampness predominance implies Yang deficiency. Fu Zi, Mao Zhu, and Po Gu Zhi are the principal herbs. Dang Shen, Fu Ling, and Bai Zhu assist the principal herbs to restore Yang and support Earth. Although the disease is in the muscles, the tendons and bones cannot be ignored; Du Zhong, Chuan Duan, Du Huo, and Yi Yi Ren strengthen tendons and bones, benefiting the muscles as well. Dang Gui, Niu Xi, Sheng Jiang, and Hong Zao promote blood circulation and harmonize Ying and Wei. The focus is on supporting Yang Qi to overcome Dampness. The Three BIs often originate from blocked Ying and Wei, so all use Sheng Jiang and Hong Zao; Dang Gui, Chuan Duan, and Du Huo are also essential herbs. Note by Zu Yi.
Beyond the Three BIs, there are Zang-Fu BIs. Symptoms and treatments are detailed below.
Lung Bi presents with irritability, fullness, wheezing, and vomiting. This clearly indicates simultaneous Lung and Stomach disease. The Lung resides at the highest position, and its meridian passes through the stomach opening. When Lung Qi is invaded by pathogens, it follows Stomach Qi upward; the clear descending function cannot go down, causing irritability, fullness, and wheezing. Vomiting occurs because the Stomach is also invaded, disturbing the Qi of food and drink. The primary prescription is Sang Po Tang (Mulberry Bark and Magnolia Bark Decoction).
**Sang Po Tang (Self-formulated)**
Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark, 2 qian)
Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, 1 qian)
Ju Hong (Tangerine Red Peel, 1 qian)
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, 1 qian)
Fu Ling (Poria, 2 qian)
Chen Xiang (Agarwood, 0.5 qian)
Su Zi (Perilla Fruit, 1.5 qian)
Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, 3 qian)
Lou Pi (Trichosanthes Peel, 2 qian)
Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb, 2 qian)
Yu Jin (Turmeric Tuber, 2 qian)
Fo Shou (Fingered Citron Fruit, 0.5 qian)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
Sang Po Tang is named after its principal herbs: Sang Bai Pi to drain Lung heat and Hou Po to calm the Stomach. It uses the complete formula of Ban Xia Hou Po Tang from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, substituting Su Zi for Su Ye. The original treats globus hystericus (feeling of a lump in the throat); this formula treats irritability, fullness, wheezing, and vomiting, all aiming to benefit Qi. Ju Hong, Lou Pi, and Xing Ren diffuse Lung Qi and resolve phlegm; Chen Xiang, Yu Jin, and Fo Shou harmonize the Stomach and benefit Qi; Bei Mu treats phlegm stagnation generally. Hou Po and Xing Ren treat wheezing; Hou Po treats fullness; Ban Xia treats vomiting—all are ancient methods of Zhang Zhongjing. Treating Lung and Stomach simultaneously, the author never relaxes his focus on "vomiting." Note by Zu Yi.
Heart Bi presents with blocked pulses, palpitations like drumming when irritated, sudden upward rushing of Qi with wheezing, dry throat, frequent belching, and fear when rebellious Qi rushes upward. This indicates Heart Meridian disease complicated by Kidney disease. The Heart is the organ that generates Blood; all vessels converge at the Heart. The Heart vessel branch circles the throat, and the straight branch goes up to the Lung. Insufficient Heart Ying leads to blocked pulses. Uncomfortable Heart Qi causes palpitations and sudden upward rushing with wheezing. Dry throat and frequent belching indicate both branch and straight vessels are diseased. Rebellious Qi is the pathogen of the Kidney; Water overcomes Fire, spirit declines, causing fear. Fear belongs to the Kidney; Kidney disease affects the Heart, hence it is a complication. Treatment should nourish Heart Ying and unblock Heart Qi. Fire generates Earth, thereby controlling Water. The primary prescription is Tong Yang Yi Yin Jian (Unblocking Yang and Suppressing Yin Decoction).
**Tong Yang Yi Yin Jian (Self-formulated)**
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Hu Po (Amber, 1 qian)
Chen Sha (Cinnabar, 0.5 qian)
Dan Shen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root, 3 qian)
Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root, 0.5 qian, stir-fried with Licorice water)
Chen Xiang (Agarwood, 0.5 qian)
Po Gu Zhi (Cibotium Barometz Spore, 1.5 qian)
Yi Zhi Ren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit, 1 qian)
Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood, 2 qian)
Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 qian)
Da Zao (Jujube, 2 pieces)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
This formula uses Chen Sha and Hu Po as principal herbs; Fu Shen and Yuan Zhi calm Heart Qi; Dan Shen and Dang Gui nourish Heart Blood; Bai Zhu, Sheng Jiang, and Da Zao support Spleen Qi and harmonize Ying and Wei; Po Gu Zhi, Yi Zhi Ren, and Chen Xiang warm the Ming Men (Gate of Life) and unblock Kidney Qi. Heart and Spleen Blood connect; Heart and Kidney Qi merge. In the previous formula, Chen Xiang combined with Yu Jin treats Lung Bi; here, Chen Xiang combined with Hu Po treats Heart Qi Bi. Draining excess is a way to calm. Note by Zu Yi.
Liver Bi presents with fright during sleep, excessive thirst, frequent urination, upper pulling sensations, and abdominal distension resembling pregnancy. This indicates Liver Meridian disease affecting the Spleen and Stomach. The Liver stores abundant Blood and houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul). When invaded by pathogens, Hun becomes unsettled, causing night frights. Wood stagnation generates Fire, accumulating into Heat, causing excessive thirst and frequent urination. "Upper pulling" refers to thirst leading to drinking. "Resembling pregnancy" refers to abdominal distension. This arises from Liver Fire rising to invade the Stomach (causing Stomach Heat and thirst) and Liver Qi descending to suppress the Spleen (causing Spleen weakness and bloating). Treatment should nourish Blood, soothe the Liver, and regulate the Spleen and Stomach. The primary prescription is San Ling Tang (Three Spirits Decoction).
**San Ling Tang (Self-formulated)**
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Bai Shao (White Peony Root, 1 qian)
Ling Yang Jiao (Serow Horn, 1.5 qian)
Long Chi (Dragon Teeth/Fossilized Mammal Bones, 2 qian)
Shi Jue Ming (Abalone Shell, 6 qian)
Ban Xia Qu (Pinellia Fermented Paste, 3 qian)
Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root, 1 qian)
Ge Gen (Kudzu Root, 2 qian)
Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood, 2 qian)
Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 qian)
Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel, 1 qian)
Dong Gua Zi (Winter Melon Seed, 3 qian, decocted water used instead of regular water)
This formula uses Ling Yang Jiao, Long Chi, and Shi Jue Ming as principal herbs, hence the name "Three Spirits." Dang Gui and Bai Shao are Blood herbs for the Liver; Chai Hu and Qing Pi are Qi herbs for the Liver; Fu Shen and Bai Zhu protect Heart and Spleen. The Liver needs the Heart to be agile; treating Liver disease begins by solidifying the Spleen. Ge Gen, Ban Xia Qu, and Dong Gua Zi harmonize the Stomach; when the Stomach is harmonized, the Liver cannot invade. With Liver disease resolved, Spleen and Stomach are safe. Note by Zu Yi.
Kidney Bi presents with frequent abdominal distension, walking on the buttocks instead of heels (foot contracture preventing extension), and bowing the spine instead of holding the head upright (spinal curvature preventing standing). Old interpretations say the Kidney is the gate of Spleen and Stomach; Kidney Bi allows pathogens to affect Spleen and Stomach, causing abdominal distension. "Walking on buttocks" means feet are contracted and cannot extend. "Bowing spine" means the body is curved and cannot straighten. This explanation is approximate but incomplete. I believe "frequent distension" is caused by failure of True Yang in the Kidney and congealment of Heavy Yin. "Walking on buttocks" occurs because the Shaoyin Kidney Meridian斜走 (diagonally traverses) the sole, exits below Ran Gu, follows behind the medial malleolus, and enters the heel; Kidney Bi renders both feet useless for walking. "Bowing spine" is due to exhaustion of Essence and Qi, failing to support the Tian Zhu (Heavenly Pillar/Spine). One must stimulate Yang in the Kidney to dissolve Heavy Yin and restore Essence and Qi, so the head and feet may gradually improve. The primary prescription is Xiao Yin Lai Fu Tang (Eliminating Yin and Restoring Life Decoction).
**Xiao Yin Lai Fu Tang (Self-formulated)**
Lu Rong (Deer Antler, 1 qian)
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, 0.8 qian)
Gou Qi Zi (Goji Berry, 3 qian)
Tu Si Zi (Dodder Seed, 4 qian)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Po Gu Zhi (Cibotium Barometz Spore, 1.5 qian)
Yi Zhi Ren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit, 1 qian)
Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit, 1 qian)
Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root, 2 qian)
Mu Xiang (Costus Root, 0.5 qian)
Du Huo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 1 qian, wine-fried)
Jin Mao Ji (Cibotium Rhizome with Golden Hair, 2 qian, hair removed and sliced)
Da Zao (Jujube, 2 pieces)
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices)
Yang in the Kidney is the Ming Men (Gate of Life) and the Du Mai (Governor Vessel). Lu Rong is a substance with life force, excellent for tonifying the Du Mai; the Tian Zhu bone is governed by the Du Mai. Fu Zi is a key herb for tonifying Kidney Yang; Gou Qi Zi and Tu Si Zi can tonify the Eight Extraordinary Vessels; Po Gu Zhi warms the Kidney and Ming Men; Yi Zhi Ren warms Spleen and Kidney; Dang Gui, Sheng Jiang, and Da Zao harmonize Ying and Wei; Jin Mao Ji strengthens the spine and feet; Mu Xiang and Xiao Hui Xiang warm the intestines and stomach; Du Huo and Niu Xi strengthen the legs. Bi syndrome is a Yin disease; Yin excess inevitably damages Yang. Saving Yang requires Warm Tonification and Warm Unblocking; this is the principle and fixed method. Note by Zu Yi.
Spleen Bi presents with flaccidity and lethargy of the four limbs, coughing, vomiting of saliva, and severe upper obstruction. This indicates Spleen disease complicating Lung and Stomach diseases. The Spleen governs the four limbs; Spleen disease causes limb flaccidity. When Earth fails, Metal weakens, causing cough. Spleen disease affects the Stomach, causing vomiting of saliva. Earth Qi fails to ascend, Heaven Qi fails to descend, the Metal command fails to operate, causing severe upper obstruction. The primary prescription is An Zhen Tang (Peaceful Stability Decoction).
**An Zhen Tang (Self-formulated)**
Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root, 4 qian)
Pao Jiang (Roasted Ginger, 0.6 qian)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, 1 qian)
Fu Ling (Poria, 3 qian)
Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 qian)
Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, 1 qian)
Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit, 1 qian)
Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark, 2 qian)
Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, 3 qian)
Su Zi (Perilla Fruit, 1.5 qian)
Chen Xiang Yuan Pi (Citron Peel, 0.6 qian)
This formula uses Li Zhong Tang and Si Jun Zi Tang minus Gan Cao, adding Dang Gui to invigorate and nourish Blood; Sang Bai Pi, Su Zi, and Xing Ren to drain Lung; Hou Po, Sha Ren, and Chen Xiang Yuan Pi to benefit Qi. With Cold removed and Lung opened, Qi becomes smooth and severe obstruction is cleared. Note by Zu Yi.
Intestine Bi presents with frequent drinking but inability to urinate, turbulent Qi in the middle jiao with rumbling, and occasional diarrhea with undigested food. The Small Intestine connects upward to the stomach opening and downward to the Large Intestine. Disease in the Small Intestine stagnates and generates Heat, causing thirst and frequent drinking. Qi closure in the Lower Jiao prevents urination. Qi transformation fails to reach the Bladder; water does not flow down, reverses to attack the Lung, causing turbulent Qi in the middle. Urine does not enter the Zhou Du (Bladder) but merges into the Large Intestine, causing occasional diarrhea with undigested food. The primary prescription is Jia Wei Mu Tong Tang (Modified Wood Through-worth Decoction).
**Jia Wei Mu Tong Tang (Self-formulated)**
Mu Tong (Akebia Stem, 2 qian)
Ju Hong (Tangerine Red Peel, 1 qian)
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, 1.5 qian)
Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria, 2 qian)
Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb, 2 qian)
Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark, 2 qian)
Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, 3 qian)
Qu Mai (Dianthus Herb, 2 qian)
Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root, 2 qian)
Che Qian Zi (Plantago Seed, 2 qian)
Deng Xin (Juncus Medulla, 3 chi)
This formula uses Mu Tong as the principal herb, identifying the intestine as the Small Intestine. Heart and Small Intestine are interior-exterior pairs. Chi Fu Ling, Che Qian Zi, Qu Mai, Deng Xin, and Niu Xi are all damp-draining herbs, allowing stagnant Heat to exit via the urinary pathway, treating frequent drinking without urination. Separating water and grain stops diarrhea. Wheezing likely involves phlegm obstruction; Ban Xia, Bei Mu, Ju Hong, and Xing Ren resolve phlegm, benefiting Qi and calming wheezing. Note by Zu Yi.
Bladder Bi (Bao Bi) presents with internal pain upon pressing the lower abdomen/bladder area, a sensation as if scalded by hot water, dysuria, and clear nasal discharge above. Bladder Qi is closed; fluid fills but cannot exit, causing internal pain upon pressure. Excess Qi generates Fire; internal Heat causes the scalding sensation. The Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian starts at the inner canthus, crosses the forehead, meets at the vertex, and the straight branch enters from the vertex to connect with the brain. Bladder Qi closure causes lower dysuria and upper clear nasal discharge. The primary prescription is Li Ji Tang (Benefit and Rescue Decoction).
**Li Ji Tang (Benefit and Rescue Decoction)**
Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome, 1.5 qian)
Chen Xiang (Agarwood, 0.5 qian)
Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 1 qian)
Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel, 1 qian)
Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria, 2 qian)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 qian)
Chi Shao (Red Peony Root, 1 qian)
Guang Pi (Broad-leaved Mandarin Peel, 1 qian)
Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root, 2 qian)
Che Qian Zi (Plantago Seed, 2 qian)
Xiao Ji Gen (Cirsium Root, 5 qian)
The Bladder is the Fu organ of Taiyang Cold Water. Internal pain upon pressure and dysuria indicate not only water retention but also obstructing Blood stasis. Ze Xie, Chi Fu Ling, and Che Qian Zi remove retained water; Dang Gui, Chi Shao, Niu Xi, and Xiao Ji Gen move blood stasis; Chen Xiang, Zhi Ke, Qing Pi, and Guang Pi benefit Qi. When Qi flows, retained water and blood stasis will necessarily follow and depart. Note by Zu Yi.
In the category of Bi Syndrome, although the number of formulas is small, the selection of herbs has precise measure. Generally, the harm of Bi lies in the blockage of Qi and Blood. Among ten formulas, eight use Dang Gui. It has strong flavor and potency, capable of moving and tonifying; it is the Qi herb within Blood, unmatched by any other. The author's heavy use of Dang Gui reflects its importance. Only Sang Po Tang and Mu Tong Tang do not use Dang Gui, because their pathology is not in the Blood. Chen Xiang is used in three formulas: Sang Po Tang, Yi Yin Jian, and Li Ji Tang, because Qi Bi is extreme; Zhi Ke, Hou Po, Mu Xiang, Sha Ren, Yu Jin, Xiao Hui Xiang, Qing Pi, Chen Pi, Chen Xiang Yuan Pi, Su Zi, and Xing Ren cannot handle it alone. Only Chen Xiang has the power to destroy decay and pull apart rot, breaking every barrier. What is taboo for Deficiency syndromes is the general for Excess syndromes. Beginners must study these aspects deeply. Note by Zu Yi again.