气平微温，味酸。无毒。
入足厥阴经、少阴经。
《本草》云∶主温中，逐寒湿痹，强阴益精，通九窍，止小便。入足少阴、厥阴。
《圣济经》云∶滑则气脱，涩剂所以收之，山茱萸之涩以收其滑。仲景八味丸用为君主
，如何涩剂以通九窍。
《雷公》云∶用之去核，一斤取肉四两，缓火熬用，能壮元气，秘精。核，能滑精，故
去之。
《珍》云∶温肝。
《本经》云∶止小便利，以其味酸也。观八味丸用为君主，其性味可知矣。
《药性论》亦云∶补肾添精。
《日华子》亦云∶暖腰膝，助水脏也。
气热，味大辛。辛温。无毒。主君相二火。
手足太阴经，足少阴经，本是脾经药
《象》云∶治脾胃中受寒邪，和中益气，治多唾，当于补中药内兼用之，勿多服。去皮
用。
《本草》云∶主遗精虚漏，小便遗沥，益气安神。补不足，安三焦，调诸气。夜多小便
者，取二十四枚，碎之，入盐同煎服，有神效。
《液》云∶主君相二火，手、足太阴，足少阴，本是脾药。在集香丸，则入肺；在四君
子汤，则入脾；在大凤髓丹，则入肾。脾、肺、肾，互有子母相关。
气温，味辛，阳中之阴。苦而辛，无毒。
《象》云∶能治腹胀，若虚弱，虽腹胀宜斟酌用之。寒胀，是大热药中兼用。结者散之
，神药。误用脱人元气，切禁之。紫色者佳。去皮，姜汁制，微炒。
《珍》云∶去腹胀，浓肠胃。
《心》云∶味浓，阴也。专去腹胀满，去邪气。
《本草》云∶主中风，伤寒头痛寒热，惊悸，气血痹，死肌。去三虫，温中益气，消痰
下气，疗霍乱及腹痛胀满，胃中冷逆，胸中呕不止，泄痢，淋露；除惊，去留热，心烦满，
浓肠胃。
《本经》云∶治中风伤寒头痛，温中益气，消痰下气，浓肠胃，去腹胀满。果泄气乎？
果益气乎？若与枳实、大黄同用则能泄实满，《本经》谓消痰下气者是也；若与橘皮、苍术
同用，则能除湿满，《本经》谓温中益气者是也；与解利药同用，则治伤寒头痛；与痢药同
用，则浓肠胃。大抵苦温，用苦则泄，用温则补。
《衍义》云∶平胃散中用之，最调中，至今盛行。既能温脾胃，又能走冷气。
海藏云∶加减随证，如五积散治疗同。
《本草》又云∶干姜为使。恶泽泻、寒水石、硝石。
【山茱萸】
气味平和而微温，味道酸。无毒。
归入足厥阴肝经、足少阴肾经。
《本草》记载：主治温暖中焦，驱除寒湿痹阻，强壮阴精，通利九窍，止住小便频数。归入足少阴、足厥阴经。
《圣济经》记载：滑泄则气机外脱，涩剂用来收敛固摄，山茱萸的涩性正是用来收敛其滑泄。张仲景在八味丸（金匮肾气丸）中将其作为君药使用，这如何能说是通过涩性来通利九窍呢？
《雷公炮炙论》记载：使用时需去除果核，一斤果肉仅取四两肉，用慢火熬制后使用，能壮补元气，固秘精气。果核反而会导致滑精，所以要去除它。
李东垣（号洁古，此处指代《珍珠囊》作者张元素或李杲观点，通常《珍珠囊》为张元素著，但文中《象》多指李杲，《珍》多指张元素，此处依原文翻译）记载：温暖肝脏。
《神农本草经》记载：止住小便频数，是因为它的味道酸。观察八味丸中将其作为君药，其药性滋味就可以知道了。
《药性论》也说：补肾添精。
《日华子本草》也说：温暖腰膝，助益肾脏（水脏）。
【益智仁】
气味热，味道大辛。辛温。无毒。主要作用于君火与相火。
归入手太阴肺经、手阳明大肠经（注：原文“手足太阴”疑有误或特指，按原文直译）、足少阴肾经，本是脾经的药物。
李杲（号东垣，此处《象》指李杲《医学启源》或相关论述）记载：治疗脾胃受寒邪侵袭，调和中焦并益气，治疗流涎过多，应当在补益药中兼用，不要多服。需去皮使用。
《本草》记载：主治遗精虚损漏下，小便淋漓不尽，益气安神。补益不足，安定三焦，调理各种气机。夜间小便多者，取二十四枚，捣碎，加入盐同煎服用，有显著疗效。
王好古（号海藏，此处《液》可能指《汤液本草》自身或其他引文，依原文翻译）记载：主治君火与相火，归入手太阴、手阳明、足少阴经，本是脾经药物。在集香丸中，则归入肺经；在四君子汤中，则归入脾经；在大凤髓丹中，则归入肾经。脾、肺、肾三脏，互有母子相生关系。
【厚朴】
气味温，味道辛，属于阳中之阴。苦而辛，无毒。
李杲（《象》）记载：能治疗腹胀，如果体质虚弱，即使有腹胀也应斟酌使用。寒性腹胀，是在大热药中兼用。结聚的病证要消散它，这是神效药物。误用会耗脱人的元气，务必禁忌。紫色者为佳。需去皮，用姜汁炮制，微炒。
张元素（《珍》）记载：消除腹胀，增厚肠胃壁。
张元素（《心》可能指《医学心悟》前人或张元素另一著作，依原文翻译）记载：味道浓厚，属阴。专门消除腹胀满，祛除邪气。
《本草》记载：主治中风，伤寒引起的头痛寒热，惊悸，气血痹阻，肌肉坏死。驱除三种寄生虫，温暖中焦益气，消痰降气，治疗霍乱及腹痛胀满，胃中寒冷逆气，胸中呕吐不止，泄泻痢疾，淋浊露滴；消除惊恐，去除滞留的热邪，心烦胀满，增厚肠胃。
《神农本草经》记载：治疗中风伤寒头痛，温暖中焦益气，消痰降气，增厚肠胃，消除腹胀满。到底是泄气呢？还是益气呢？如果与大黄、枳实同用，就能泄除实性胀满，《本经》所说的消痰下气就是指这种情况；如果与陈皮、苍术同用，就能除湿性胀满，《本经》所说的温中益气就是指这种情况；与解表散邪药同用，则治疗伤寒头痛；与治痢药同用，则能增厚肠胃。大致而言，苦温之性，用苦味则能泄，用温性则能补。
寇宗奭（《衍义》）记载：在平胃散中使用它，最能调和中焦，至今广泛流行。既能温暖脾胃，又能驱散冷气。
王好古（海藏）记载：加减变化随证候而定，如五积散的治疗作用相同。
《本草》又说：以干姜为使药。畏泽泻、寒水石、硝石。
[Shanzhuyu / Cornus Officinalis Fruit]
Qi is neutral and slightly warm; taste is sour. Non-toxic.
Enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Bencao states: It mainly warms the middle, expels cold-damp bi obstruction, strengthens Yin and benefits essence, unblocks the nine orifices, and stops urinary frequency. Enters the Foot Shaoyin and Jueyin meridians.
Shengji Jing states: Slippage leads to Qi depletion; astringent agents are used to consolidate it. The astringency of Shanzhuyu is used to restrain its slippage. Zhang Zhongjing uses it as the sovereign drug in Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill), so how can one say that an astringent agent unblocks the nine orifices?
Leigong Paozhi Lun states: When used, remove the core. From one jin (approx. 500g) of fruit, only four liang (approx. 200g) of flesh is obtained. Simmer over slow fire for use. It can strengthen Yuan Qi and secure essence. The core causes seminal emission, hence it is removed.
Zhenzhu Nang states: Warms the Liver.
Shennong Benjing states: Stops urinary frequency because of its sour taste. Observing that it is used as the sovereign drug in Bawei Wan, its nature and taste can be known.
Yaoxing Lun also states: Tonifies the Kidney and adds essence.
Rimazi Bencao also states: Warms the waist and knees, assists the Water Organ (Kidney).
[Yizhiren / Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit]
Qi is hot; taste is greatly pungent. Pungent and warm. Non-toxic. Primarily acts on Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire.
Enters the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Note: Text says "Hand and Foot Taiyin", literal translation applied), and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. It is originally a Spleen Meridian drug.
Li Dongyuan (Xiang) states: Treats cold pathogen invading the Spleen and Stomach, harmonizes the middle and benefits Qi, treats excessive salivation. It should be used concurrently within tonifying formulas, but not taken in large amounts. Remove the peel before use.
Bencao states: Mainly treats seminal emission, deficiency leakage, dribbling urine, benefits Qi and calms the Spirit. Tonifies insufficiency, stabilizes the Triple Burner, regulates various Qi movements. For those with frequent urination at night, take twenty-four fruits, crush them, decoct with salt, and ingest; there is miraculous efficacy.
Ye states: Mainly treats Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire, enters Hand Taiyin, Hand Yangming, and Foot Shaoyin meridians; it is originally a Spleen drug. In Jixiang Wan, it enters the Lung; in Sizijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), it enters the Spleen; in Dafengsui Dan, it enters the Kidney. The Spleen, Lung, and Kidney have mutual mother-child relationships.
[Houpo / Magnolia Officinalis Bark]
Qi is warm; taste is pungent, Yin within Yang. Bitter and pungent, non-toxic.
Li Dongyuan (Xiang) states: Can treat abdominal distension. If deficient, even with abdominal distension, use with caution. Cold-type distension is treated by concurrent use with major heat drugs. For condensation patterns, scatter them; this is a divine drug. Misuse will deplete Yuan Qi; strictly prohibited. Purple ones are best. Remove peel, process with ginger juice, and stir-fry lightly.
Zhang Yuansu (Zhen) states: Removes abdominal distension, thickens the intestines and stomach.
Zhang Yuansu (Xin) states: Taste is dense, belonging to Yin. Specifically removes abdominal fullness, eliminates evil Qi.
Bencao states: Mainly treats wind-stroke, headache and chills/fever from cold damage, palpitations, Bi obstruction of Qi and Blood, necrotic muscle. Eliminates three types of parasites, warms the middle and benefits Qi, resolves phlegm and directs Qi downward, treats cholera and abdominal pain/distension, cold rebellious Qi in the Stomach, incessant vomiting in the chest, diarrhea/dysentery, strangury/dribbling; dispels fright, removes lingering heat, irritability and fullness, thickens the intestines and stomach.
Shennong Benjing states: Treats headache from wind-stroke and cold damage, warms the middle and benefits Qi, resolves phlegm and directs Qi downward, thickens the intestines and stomach, removes abdominal distension. Does it indeed drain Qi? Or does it indeed benefit Qi? If used with Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Dahuang (Rhubarb), it can drain excess fullness; this corresponds to Benjing's statement about resolving phlegm and directing Qi downward. If used with Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) and Cangzhu (Atractylodes), it can dampen excess fullness; this corresponds to Benjing's statement about warming the middle and benefiting Qi. Used with exterior-resolving drugs, it treats cold damage headache; used with dysentery-treating drugs, it thickens the intestines and stomach. Generally, bitter-warm nature: using bitterness drains, using warmth tonifies.
Kong Zongshi (Yanyi) states: Used in Pingwei San (Regularize the Stomach Powder), it best harmonizes the middle, and remains popular today. It can both warm the Spleen and Stomach and disperse cold Qi.
Wang Haogu (Haicang) states: Modifications follow the syndrome, such as the treatment effect being similar to Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder).
Bencao further states: Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) serves as the guide drug. It is incompatible with Zexie (Alisma), Hanshuishi (Halloysitum Rubrum), and Xiaoshi (Niter).