治小儿心肺不和息数脉急上下不升降中膈痞满郁隘胸臆坐卧烦闷神情不乐饮食不下八味
理中丸方
人参 甘草（炙） 白术 干姜 枳实（制炒） 白茯苓 五味子（去梗桑白皮去赤皮）
上等分为细末炼蜜为丸小指大每服一丸淡豆豉五粒水小小盏煎至半去豉通口服无时
治小儿因惊发喘逆触心肺暴急张口虚烦神困大效雄朱化痰定喘丸方
雄黄 朱砂（各一钱研） 蝉蜕 全蝎（炒） 地龙 白僵蚕 天南星 白附子（炮各一分）
轻粉（半钱重）
上为末面糊为丸麻子大每服三十丸薄荷茶清送下食后服
天麻 防风 羌活 甘草（炙） 人参 苦梗 白术 川芎 半夏曲
上等分 咀每服二钱匕水一小盏入麦门冬子十四粒同煎去滓通口食后服
治小儿 喘满咳嗽心胸烦闷伤热触毒雄黄丹良方
雄黄 朱砂（各一钱令研） 杏仁（十四粒炒） 巴豆（七粒） 豉（淡者二十一粒）
杏巴豉三味用米醋半盏干姜一片指大煮令干研成膏皂角一寸蜜炙焦先去子与皮法制牛
胆一分同雄朱与杏膏研令细
上和入杏膏面糊为丸麻子大每服一岁儿五丸壮者七丸三岁十丸淡生姜汤下
凡儿所患疮疹水豆麻子蚊丁火 等诸家之说或有异同大抵此症出乎五脏肺曰水 肝曰脓
心
曰血 脾曰黄 肾曰黑子小儿不问长幼所出黑子陷者最为恶候或因风吹或由触毒皮下隐隐出
而不透名黑陷子死者多矣良由服药有误冷冰其内毒不发出为害甚重凡疮疹之疾症有多端其欲
发出之时或有作热者不作热者有惊有掣者有狂燥者有叫哭者有烦躁者有自汗者有谵语者有呵
欠者有遁闷者有神昏者有呕吐者乃缘所发于五脏虚实之不同耳或谓耳鼻脚梢中指冷为之验者
屡究之或中或否今得至要妙诀凡儿作热有如伤寒候疑惑之间不敢直谓者但者耳后有红脉赤缕
定是疮疹症候更无可疑若发惊不可下惊药有热不可退热有汗不可止汗或吐不可理吐但顺其
表
温其中自然而发出或有首尾不可下或曰首尾皆可下众疑谓之非说愚曰二家所说皆善也且儿气
脉充实宜微下之恐作烦躁若也气虚直不可下恐泻易脱如欲利下即用消毒饮子七宝洗心散或四
顺清凉饮一二服以通为度切不可用真珠丸及有巴粉之类并宜禁之如有热烦躁与顺大连翘饮加
紫
草茸功效但减黄芩今人才见疮疹已出未出便与升麻葛根汤其性颇寒只宜少少与服其或不当者
盖用大过反坏其表凡服葛根汤宜加白芍药糯米人参紫草茸川当归功效甚良
治疗小儿心肺功能不调，呼吸急促，脉搏急数，气机上下升降失常，膈间痞塞胀满，胸臆部郁结狭窄，坐卧不安，神情不悦，饮食难进。八味理中丸方：人参、甘草（炙）、白术、干姜、枳实（制炒）、白茯苓、五味子（去梗桑白皮去赤皮）。以上药材等分研为细末，用炼蜜制成如小指大小的药丸。每次服用一丸，用淡豆豉五粒，加水一小盏煎至半量，去掉豆豉，温服，不拘时候。
治疗小儿因受惊引发气喘逆乱，触动心肺，病情暴急，张口喘息，虚烦神疲。雄朱化痰定喘丸方大效：雄黄、朱砂（各一钱，研细）、蝉蜕、全蝎（炒）、地龙、白僵蚕、天南星、白附子（炮制，各一分）、轻粉（半钱重）。以上药材研为细末，用面糊制成如麻子大小的药丸。每次服用三十丸，用薄荷茶清送下，饭后服用。
天麻、防风、羌活、甘草（炙）、人参、苦梗、白术、川芎、半夏曲。以上药材等分切碎，每次取二钱匕，加水一小盏，加入麦门冬子十四粒，同煎，去渣，温服，饭后服用。
治疗小儿喘满咳嗽，心胸烦闷，伤热触毒。雄黄丹良方：雄黄、朱砂（各一钱，令其研细）、杏仁（十四粒，炒）、巴豆（七粒）、淡豆豉（二十一粒）。将杏仁、巴豆、豆豉三味药，用半盏米醋和一片拇指大的干姜，煮至干燥，研成膏状。皂角一寸，用蜜炙焦，先去子与皮。将上述牛胆一分，与雄黄、朱砂及杏膏一起研细。以上药物混合，加入杏膏，用面糊制成如麻子大小的药丸。每岁幼儿服五丸，体壮者七丸，三岁者十丸，用淡生姜汤送下。
凡是儿童患疮疹、水痘、麻疹、蚊丁火等病，各家说法或有异同。大体而言，此症发于五脏：肺表现为水疱，肝表现为脓疱，心表现为血疱，脾表现为黄疱，肾表现为黑疱。小儿不论长幼，若出黑疱且凹陷者，最为凶险恶候。或因风吹，或因触毒，皮下隐隐而出但不透发，名为“黑陷子”，死者很多。这大多是因为服药有误，寒凉冰伏于内，导致毒邪不能发出，危害甚重。凡疮疹之疾，症状有多种端绪。在欲发出的时候，有的发热，有的不发热；有的惊厥抽搐，有的狂躁；有的叫哭，有的烦躁，有的自汗，有的谵语，有的呵欠，有的郁闷，有的神昏，有的呕吐。这都是因为所发于五脏的虚实不同所致。有人说耳鼻脚梢中指冷是验证，但反复研究后，有时对有时不对。如今得到至要妙诀：凡小儿发热，如有伤寒证候，在疑惑之间不敢直接断言时，只要看耳后有红脉赤缕，定是疮疹证候，更无可疑。如果发作惊厥，不可用泻下药；有热不可强行退热；有汗不可强行止汗；想吐不可强行止吐。只需顺应其表，温暖其中，自然就会发出。有的说初起和末期都不可用下法，有的说初起和末期都可以用下法，众人对此怀疑认为非议。我说这两家说法都有道理。如果小儿气血充实，宜轻微攻下，以防产生烦躁；如果气血虚弱，则绝对不可攻下，恐腹泻导致脱证。如欲通利攻下，即用消毒饮子、七宝洗心散或四顺清凉饮，一二服以通畅为度。切不可使用真珠丸及含有巴豆、铅粉之类的药物，都应禁止。如果有热烦躁，用顺大连翘饮加紫草茸，功效显著，但需减去黄芩。现今的人一见疮疹已出或未出，便给予升麻葛根汤，该药性颇寒，只宜少量服用。如果用药不当，往往是用量过大，反而损伤其表。凡服用葛根汤，宜加白芍药、糯米、人参、紫草茸、川当归，功效甚好。
Treats pediatric cases of disharmony between the Heart and Lungs, characterized by rapid respiration, urgent pulse, dysfunction of ascending and descending Qi mechanisms, fullness and obstruction in the diaphragm area, depression and constriction in the chest and epigastrium, restlessness in sitting and lying, unhappiness in spirit and expression, and inability to eat.
**Eight-Ingredient Lizhong Pill Formula (Bawei Lizhong Wan)**
*Ingredients:* Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, processed and stir-fried), Baifuling (Poria with Hostwood), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, stems removed, mulberry bark and red skin removed).
*Preparation:* Grind all ingredients into a fine powder equally. Mix with refined honey to form pills the size of a little finger.
*Dosage:* Take one pill per dose. Decoct five grains of Dan Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean) in one small cup of water until reduced by half. Remove the beans. Drink warm at any time.
Treats pediatric asthma and counterflow Qi caused by fright, affecting the Heart and Lungs acutely, presenting with open-mouth breathing, deficiency-type vexation, and mental fatigue. The Xionzhu Huatan Dingchuan Wan (Xionzhu Phlegm-Resolving and Asthma-Calming Pill) is highly effective.
**Xionzhu Huatan Dingchuan Wan Formula**
*Ingredients:* Xionghuang (Realgar), Zhusha (Cinnabar, each 1 qian, ground); Chantui (Cicada Slough); Quanxie (Scorpio, stir-fried); Dilong (Pheretima); Baijiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus); Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma); Baifuzi (Typhonii Rhizoma Praeparatum, each 1 fen); Qingfen (Calomelas, 0.5 qian weight).
*Preparation:* Grind into powder. Bind with wheat paste to form pills the size of hemp seeds.
*Dosage:* Take 30 pills per dose. Administer after meals, washed down with clear mint tea infusion.
*Tianma Fang (Gastrodia Formula)*
*Ingredients:* Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Kujie (Platycodonis Radix - *Note: Text says 'Kujie' likely referring to Jiegeng/Kujie*), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Banxiaqu (Pinelliae Fermentum).
*Preparation:* Grind equally.
*Dosage:* Take 2 qianbi (approx. 2 qian) per dose. Add 14 seeds of Maimendongzi (Ophiopogonis Semen) to one small cup of water. Decoct together, remove dregs. Drink warm after meals.
Treats pediatric wheezing, fullness, cough, chest and heart vexation, heat injury, and toxin contact. The Xionghuang Dan (Realgar Pill) is an excellent formula.
**Xionghuang Dan Formula**
*Ingredients:* Xionghuang (Realgar), Zhusha (Cinnabar, each 1 qian, finely ground); Xingren (Prunus Armeniacus Seed, 14 grains, stir-fried); Badou (Crotonis Fructus, 7 grains); Dan Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean, 21 light-colored grains).
*Preparation:* Boil Xingren, Badou, and Dan Dou Chi in half a cup of rice vinegar with one slice of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, thumb-sized) until dry. Grind into a paste. Take one cun of Zaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus), honey-roasted until scorched, remove seeds and skin. Prepare one part of Niudan (Bovis Gallus). Grind Niu Dan, Xionghuang, Zhusha, and the Apricot Paste together until fine. Mix all ingredients with the Apricot Paste and bind with wheat paste to form pills the size of hemp seeds.
*Dosage:* Infants (one year old) take 5 pills; robust children take 7 pills; three-year-olds take 10 pills. Wash down with light ginger soup.
Regarding various pediatric exanthematous diseases such as Chuangzhen (Erythema/Exanthem), Shuidou (Chickenpox), Mazizi (Measles), Wendinghuo, etc., theories from different schools may vary. Generally, these manifestations originate from the Five Zang Organs: Lung manifests as fluid-filled blisters; Liver as pus; Heart as blood; Spleen as yellow discharge; Kidney as black discoloration. Regardless of age, if black spots appear and sink inward, it is the most malignant prognosis. This may be due to wind exposure or toxin contact, where the rash emerges faintly under the skin but fails to fully erupt, termed "Black Sunken Spots," often resulting in death. This is largely due to erroneous medication causing coldness to freeze internally, preventing toxin expulsion, causing severe harm.
The symptoms of exanthematous diseases are manifold. During the eruption phase, some present with fever, others without; some have convulsions, others mania; some cry out, others are irritable; some sweat spontaneously, others speak deliriously; some yawn, others feel depressed; some suffer from coma, others vomit. These differences arise from the excess or deficiency patterns in the respective Zang organs. Some claim that coldness in the ears, nose, toes, and middle fingers serves as a diagnostic sign, but repeated investigation shows this is inconsistent.
Now, a crucial secret method is revealed: If a child has fever resembling Taiyang disease (Shanghan), and diagnosis is uncertain, observe the area behind the ear. If red veins and crimson threads are present, it is definitively an exanthematous condition, leaving no doubt.
* If convulsions occur, do not use purgatives.
* If heat exists, do not forcibly reduce fever.
* If sweating occurs, do not forcibly stop sweat.
* If vomiting occurs, do not forcibly stop vomiting.
Instead, follow the exterior path and warm the interior so that the eruption occurs naturally.
Regarding the use of purgatives: Some say they should never be used at the beginning or end; others say they can be used throughout. Both views have merit.
* If the child's Qi and Blood are substantial, mild purgation may be used to prevent irritability.
* If Qi and Blood are deficient, purgation must absolutely be avoided to prevent collapse from diarrhea.
If purgation is desired, use Xiaodu Yinzi (Toxin-Dispersing Decoction), Qibao Xixin San (Seven-Treasure Heart-Cleansing Powder), or Sishun Qingliang Yin (Four-Smooth Cooling Decoction). One or two doses are sufficient, aiming for unobstructed flow. Absolutely prohibit the use of Zhenzhu Wan (Pearl Pill) or formulas containing Badou (Croton) and Qianfen (Lead Powder).
If there is heat and irritability, use Shunda Dalianqiao Yin (Smooth Great Forsythia Decoction) plus Zicao Rong (Arnebiae Radix seu Cortex), which is highly effective, but reduce Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix). Currently, many physicians administer Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae et Puerariae Decoction) immediately upon seeing exanthems, whether erupted or not. Since this formula is quite cold, it should only be given in small amounts. Improper use, especially excessive dosage, damages the exterior. When using Gegen Tang, it is beneficial to add Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Nuomi (Glutinous Rice), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zicao Rong (Arnebiae Radix seu Cortex), and Chuan Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix).