东垣加减泻白散治阴气在下阳气在上咳嗽呕吐喘急
桑白皮(一两) 地骨皮(七钱) 甘草 陈皮 青皮 五味子 人参(各五钱) 白茯苓(
三钱)
上 咀每服半两水煎入粳米二十粒
宝鉴加减泻白散治咳而口干烦热胸膈不利气喘促
桑白皮(一两) 地骨皮 知母 陈皮 桔梗(各五钱) 青皮 细黄芩 甘草(炙各三钱)
上 咀每服五钱水煎食后温服
按此一方手太阴气分药也宝鉴曰华陀云盛则为喘减则为枯活人云发喘者气有余也凡看文
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要会得本意盛而为喘者非肺气盛也喘为气有余者亦非肺气有余也气盛当认作气衰有余当认作
不足肺气果盛为有余当清肃下行而不喘以其火入于肺衰与不足而为喘焉故言盛者非言肺气盛
也言肺中之火盛也言有余者非言肺气有余也言肺中之火有余也故泻肺以苦寒之剂非泻肺也泻
肺中之火实补肺也用者不可不知然以上一方略有加减不同故两存之
局方款冬花散止嗽祛痰散风热
知母 桑白皮 款冬花 麻黄 阿胶 贝母 杏仁 甘草 半夏
上 咀入姜煎
按此手太阴之药出足太阳麻黄例兼发表也然治风与寒皆宜解表但亦有可下者如伤风有下
证同况咳证多兼痰饮宜后滚痰小胃选用
金匮泽漆汤治咳而脉沉
小柴胡内减柴胡加紫参白前(各五钱) 桂枝(三钱) 泽漆(三合另煮)
上九味 咀内泽漆汁中煮取温服
按此出太阳解肌例然未至为肺痿药也
李东垣的加减泻白散，用于治疗阴气在下、阳气在上的咳嗽、呕吐及喘急症状。
药材组成：桑白皮（一两）、地骨皮（七钱）、甘草、陈皮、青皮、五味子、人参（各五钱）、白茯苓（三钱）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，每次服用半两，加水煎煮，并加入粳米二十粒同煎。
《宝鉴》中的加减泻白散，用于治疗咳嗽伴有口干、烦热、胸膈部不适及气喘急促的症状。
药材组成：桑白皮（一两）、地骨皮、知母、陈皮、桔梗（各五钱）、青皮、细黄芩、炙甘草（各三钱）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，每次服用五钱，加水煎煮，饭后温服。
按语：此方属于手太阴肺经气分的药物。《宝鉴》记载华佗说：“气盛则表现为喘，气衰则表现为枯。”《活人书》说：“出现喘证，是因为气有余。”凡阅读医籍文字，必须领会其本意。所谓“盛而为喘”，并非指肺气盛；所谓“喘为气有余”，也并非指肺气有余。这里的“气盛”应当理解为气机衰退，“有余”应当理解为正气不足。如果肺气真的过盛且有余，应当清肃下行而不会发生喘证。之所以发生喘证，是因为火邪侵入肺部，导致肺气衰弱与不足。因此，所说的“盛”，并非指肺气盛，而是指肺中的火邪盛；所说的“有余”，并非指肺气有余，而是指肺中的火邪有余。所以，使用苦寒药剂泻肺，实际上并不是泻肺气，而是泻肺中的火邪，这反而能补益肺气。使用者不可不知道这一点。然而，以上两个方剂略有加减不同，故将两者并存保留。
《局方》款冬花散，用于止嗽、祛痰、疏散风热。
药材组成：知母、桑白皮、款冬花、麻黄、阿胶、贝母、杏仁、甘草、半夏。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，加入生姜煎煮。
按语：此方属于手太阴肺经的药物，出自足太阳膀胱经麻黄的先例，兼有发表的功效。然而，治疗风邪与寒邪都适宜解表，但有时也有可以使用下法的情况，例如伤风病如果有里实证的指征，就应当考虑攻下。况且咳嗽病症多兼夹痰饮，宜选用滚痰丸或小胃丹等方剂来后续治疗。
《金匮要略》泽漆汤，用于治疗咳嗽且脉象沉的症状。
药材组成：小柴胡汤减去柴胡，加入紫参、白前（各五钱）、桂枝（三钱）、泽漆（三合，另煮取汁）。
制法与用法：共九味药，切碎后放入泽漆汁中煎煮，取汁温服。
Li Dongyuan's Modified Xiebai San is used to treat cough, vomiting, and wheezing caused by Yin Qi being below and Yang Qi being above.
Ingredients: Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis, 1 liang), Digupi (Cortex Lycii Radicis, 7 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), Renshen (Radix Ginseng) (each 5 qian), Baifuling (Poria, 3 qian).
Preparation and Administration: The herbs are cut into small pieces. Each dose consists of 0.5 liang, decocted in water with 20 grains of Jingmi (Oryza sativa var. japonica).
The Modified Xiebai San from *Baojian* is used to treat cough accompanied by dry mouth, vexatious heat, discomfort in the chest and diaphragm, and rapid breathing.
Ingredients: Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis, 1 liang), Digupi (Cortex Lycii Radicis), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis) (each 5 qian), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Xi Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Zhi Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata) (each 3 qian).
Preparation and Administration: The herbs are cut into small pieces. Each dose consists of 5 qian, decocted in water and taken warm after meals.
Commentary: This formula belongs to the Qi level of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. *Baojian* records Hua Tuo saying: "Excess manifests as wheezing; deficiency manifests as withering." The *Huoren Shu* states: "Wheezing indicates an excess of Qi." When reading medical texts, one must grasp the original intent. The statement "excess manifests as wheezing" does not mean Lung Qi is excessive; the statement "wheezing indicates an excess of Qi" does not mean Lung Qi itself is excessive. Here, "Qi excess" should be understood as Qi deficiency or decline, and "excess" should be understood as a lack of true Qi. If Lung Qi were truly excessive, it would descend clearly and turbidly without causing wheezing. Wheezing occurs because Fire enters the Lung, leading to Lung Qi deficiency and insufficiency. Therefore, when it is said that "excess" refers to the Lung, it actually refers to the excess of Fire within the Lung; when it is said that "excess" refers to Qi, it actually refers to the excess of Fire within the Lung. Thus, using bitter-cold agents to purge the Lung is not purging Lung Qi, but purging the Fire within the Lung, which consequently tonifies the Lung. Practitioners must understand this. However, since the two formulas mentioned above have slight differences in modification, both are preserved here.
*Kufang* Kuantonghua San is used to stop cough, resolve phlegm, and disperse wind-heat.
Ingredients: Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis), Kuantonghua (Flos Colchici), Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata).
Preparation and Administration: The herbs are cut into small pieces and decocted with fresh ginger.
Commentary: This formula pertains to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, derived from the precedent of Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae) of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, possessing the effect of releasing the exterior. Generally, treating wind and cold syndromes requires releasing the exterior. However, there are cases where purgation is appropriate, such as when wind-strike presents with interior excess signs. Moreover, coughs often involve phlegm-fluid retention, so subsequent treatment may select Guntan Wan or Xiaowei Dan.
*Jinkui Yaolue* Zeqi Tang is used to treat cough with a deep pulse.
Ingredients: Xiao Chaihu Tang minus Chaihu, plus Zishen (Radix Bupleuri? Note: Text says Zishen, likely referring to a specific herb contextually, possibly miswritten or specific variant, kept as Zishen), Baiqian (Radix Cynanchi Stauntoniae) (each 5 qian), Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi, 3 qian), Zeqi (Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae) (3 he, separately decocted for juice).
Preparation and Administration: Nine ingredients in total, cut into small pieces, and decocted in the juice of Zeqi. Take warm.
Commentary: This formula derives from the precedent of resolving muscle-layer pathogens in the Taiyang stage. However, its therapeutic action has not yet reached the severity required for treating Feiwei (Lung Abscess/Atrophy).