《离合真邪论》曰∶天地温和，则经水安静；天寒地冻，则经水凝泣；天暑地热，则经水沸溢；
卒风暴起，则经水波涌而陇起。夫邪之入于脉也，寒则血凝泣，暑则气淖泽，虚邪因而入客，亦如经
水之得风也。
诛罚无过，命曰大惑，反乱大经，真不可复，用实为虚，以邪为真，用针无义，反为气贼，夺人
正气。以从为逆，荣卫散乱，真气已失，邪独内着，绝人长命，予人夭殁。不知三部九候，故不能久
长。（识非精辨，学未该明，且乱大经，又为气贼，动为残害，安可久乎！）因不知合之四时五行，
因加相胜，释邪攻正，绝人长命。（非惟昧三部九候之为弊，若不知四时五行之气序，亦足殒绝其生
灵也。）邪之新客来也，未有定处，推之则前，引之则止，逢而泻之，其病立已。（此亦解《针经》
补泻法也。）
《通评虚实论》曰∶何谓虚实？邪气盛则实，精气夺则虚。（夺，谓精气减少，如夺去也。）
乳子而病，热脉悬小者何如？（悬，谓如悬物之动也。）手足温则生，寒则死。乳子中风热，
喘鸣肩息者，脉何如？喘鸣肩息者，脉实大也，缓则生，急则死。（此言乳子脉与病反者，
复有他证可验。病证俱甚者，复有脉体可据。而决其死生也。乳子而热病，阳证也。脉则悬小，是阳证见阴脉
也。然手足温和，正气犹存，脉虽悬小，特未大耳。故可以得生。否则手足寒而死矣。又乳子中风发热，喘鸣
肩息者，阳证也。脉当实大，唯实大中而缓，则邪气渐退，可以得生。若实大中而急，则邪气愈增，其病当死
矣。）肠 便血何如？身热则死，寒则生。（热为血败，故死。寒为荣气在，故生。）肠 下白沫何
如？脉沉则生，脉浮则死。（阴病而见阳脉，与证相反，故死。）肠 下脓血何如？脉悬绝则死，
滑大则生。肠 之属，身不热，脉不悬绝何如？滑大者曰生，悬涩者曰死。以脏期
之。（肝见庚辛死，心见壬癸死，肺见丙丁死，肾见戊己死，脾见甲乙死，是谓以脏期之。此言肠 之属；有便
血者，有下白沫者，有下脓血者，随证随脉而可以决其死生者。）癫疾何如？脉搏大滑，久自已；脉
小坚急，死不治。（脉小坚急为阴，阳病而阴脉，故死不治。）癫疾之脉，虚实何如？虚则可治，实
则死。（言癫疾之脉，得阳脉虚脉而生也。癫疾者，阳证也。故搏大滑，则阳证得阳脉，所以病久自已。若脉
小坚急，则得阴脉，故死不治。然癫疾之脉，当有取于虚也，必搏大滑中带虚可治，若带实则邪气有余，乃死
候也。）消疸虚实何如？脉实大，病久可治；脉悬小坚，病久不可治。（久病血气衰，脉不宜实大，
故不可治。）黄胆暴痛，癫疾厥狂，久逆之所生也。五脏不平，六腑闭塞之所生也。头痛
耳鸣，九窍不利，肠胃之所生也。（此言病有所由生者，皆从内起也。）
《离合真邪论》说：天地气候温和，人体的经脉气血就平静安宁；天气寒冷、大地冻结，经脉气血就会凝滞不畅；天气酷热、地热蒸腾，经脉气血就会沸腾外溢；突然狂风大作，经脉气血就像水面波浪汹涌、隆起起伏一样。邪气侵入血脉，遇寒则血液凝滞，遇暑则气机濡润滑利，虚邪趁机侵入人体，也如同经水遇到风浪一样。
如果不加辨别地诛伐无过之正气，这就叫做极大的迷惑，反而扰乱了大的经络规律，导致真气无法恢复，将实证误作虚证，将邪气当作真气，使用针刺没有法度，反而成为伤害正气的贼寇，剥夺人的正气。把顺证当作逆证处理，导致营卫之气散乱，真气已经丧失，只有邪气独自内着，断绝人的长寿生命，使人早夭死亡。这是因为不了解三部九候诊法，所以不能长久生存。（如果见识不精微辨析，学问不够广博明达，不仅扰乱大经，还成为伤害正气的贼寇，动辄造成残害，怎么能长久呢！）又因为不知道结合四时五行的变化，反而助长相克之势，释放邪气而攻伐正气，断绝人的寿命。（不仅仅是因为不明白三部九候诊断的危害，如果不懂得四时五行之气的次序，也足以丧命。）邪气刚刚客袭人体时，还没有固定的位置，推按它它就向前移动，牵引它它就停止，逢其盛而用泻法，病立刻就好。（这也是解释《针经》中补泻方法的内容。）
《通评虚实论》说：什么是虚和实？邪气亢盛就是实证，精气亏损就是虚证。（夺，是指精气减少，就像被剥夺一样。）妇女在哺乳期患病，脉象悬小是怎么回事？（悬，是指像悬挂物体那样动摇不定。）手足温暖就能生，手足寒冷就会死。哺乳期妇女感受风热，出现气喘、喉间有声、耸肩呼吸的症状，脉象怎么样？出现气喘、喉间有声、耸肩呼吸症状的，脉象是实大的，脉来缓和就能生，脉来急疾就会死。（这里说的是哺乳期妇女脉象与病症相反的情况，还有其他的证候可以验证。如果病证都很严重，还有脉象特征可以依据，从而判断生死。哺乳期妇女患热病，属于阳证。脉象却悬小，这是阳证见到阴脉。但是手足温和，说明正气尚存，脉象虽然悬小，只是不太大罢了。所以可以得生。否则手足寒冷就会死亡。另外，哺乳期妇女中风发热，出现气喘、喉间有声、耸肩呼吸，也是阳证。脉象应当实大，只有在实大中带有缓和之象，说明邪气逐渐消退，可以得生。如果实大中带有急疾之象，说明邪气更加增加，病就会死亡。）肠澼便血怎么样？身体发热就会死，身体不发凉就能生。（发热是因为血液败坏，所以死。不发凉是因为荣气还在，所以生。）肠澼下白沫怎么样？脉沉就能生，脉浮就会死。（阴病见到阳脉，与证候相反，所以死。）肠澼下脓血怎么样？脉象悬绝就会死，脉象滑大就能生。属于肠澼一类疾病，身体不发热，脉象不悬绝怎么样？脉象滑大的是生，脉象悬涩的是死。根据脏腑受克的日期来推断死期。（肝见庚辛日死，心见壬癸日死，肺见丙丁日死，肾见戊己日死，脾见甲乙日死，这叫做根据脏腑受克的日子来推断死期。这里说的是肠澼一类疾病；有便血的，有下白沫的，有下脓血的，随证候和脉象就可以判断生死。）癫疾怎么样？脉搏大而滑，时间久了自己会好；脉搏小而坚急，死且不可治。（脉小而坚急属于阴，阳证见到阴脉，所以死且不可治。）癫疾的脉象，虚实情况怎么样？虚证就可以治，实证就会死。（意思是癫疾的脉象，得到阳脉中的虚脉就能生。癫疾是阳证。所以脉搏大而滑，是阳证得到阳脉，所以病久自己会好。如果脉小而坚急，就是得到阴脉，所以死且不可治。然而癫疾的脉象，应当取法于虚，必须是大而滑中带虚才能治，如果带实就是邪气有余，是死候。）消疸虚实怎么样？脉实大，病久可治；脉悬小且坚，病久不可治。（久病血气衰败，脉象不宜实大，所以不可治。）黄疸突发疼痛，癫疾厥狂，都是由于长期气机逆乱所产生的。五脏功能失调，是由于六腑闭塞所产生的。头痛耳鸣，九窍不利，是由于肠胃病变所产生的。（这里说的是疾病产生的原因，都是从内部发起的。）
The *Treatise on the Separation and Union of True and Evil Qi* states: When the climate of heaven and earth is mild and warm, the fluids in the meridians remain quiet and peaceful; when the weather is cold and the earth is frozen, the fluids in the meridians become congealed and sluggish; when the weather is hot and the earth heat rises, the fluids in the meridians boil and overflow; when sudden storms arise, the fluids in the meridians surge like waves and rise in mounds. When evil qi enters the vessels, cold causes blood to congeal and stagnate, while heat makes qi moist and lubricated. Deficient evil takes this opportunity to invade and lodge, just as river water reacts to wind.
If one punishes without fault (i.e., attacks healthy qi unnecessarily), it is called great confusion. This reverses and disrupts the major meridians, making the true qi irrecoverable. It mistakes excess for deficiency and evil for true qi. Using acupuncture without principle becomes a thief of qi, depriving the person of righteous qi. Treating compliance as rebellion causes the dispersal and disorder of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) qi. The true qi is lost, only evil remains lodged internally, cutting off long life and causing premature death. Because the Three Regions and Nine Pulses are not understood, longevity cannot be maintained. (If insight is not precise and discerning, and learning is not comprehensive and clear, one will not only disrupt the major meridians but also become a thief of qi, causing harm at every turn. How can one survive long?) Furthermore, because one does not combine the observations with the Four Seasons and Five Elements, one may inadvertently promote mutual overcoming, releasing evil while attacking the righteous qi, thus cutting off human life. (It is not only the ignorance of the Three Regions and Nine Pulses that brings disaster; if one does not understand the sequence of the Four Seasons and Five Elements, it is sufficient to cause death.) When evil qi first invades, it has no fixed location. Pushing it moves it forward; drawing it stops it. If one applies the reducing method when it meets its peak, the disease is immediately cured. (This also explains the tonifying and reducing methods from the *Needle Classic*.)
The *Treatise on Thorough Evaluation of Deficiency and Excess* asks: What are deficiency and excess? When evil qi is flourishing, it is excess; when essence and qi are depleted, it is deficiency. ("Depletion" refers to the reduction of essence and qi, as if taken away.) For a woman nursing an infant who falls ill, what does it mean if the pulse is suspended and small? ("Suspended" means moving like a hanging object.) If the hands and feet are warm, there is hope for survival; if cold, death ensues. If a nursing woman contracts wind-heat, presenting with wheezing, rattling sounds in the throat, and shoulder breathing, what should the pulse be like? In cases of wheezing, rattling, and shoulder breathing, the pulse is typically full and large. If the pulse is slow/relaxed, there is hope for survival; if rapid/tense, death ensues. (This discusses cases where the pulse contradicts the symptoms in nursing women, allowing other signs to verify the prognosis. When both symptoms and pulse are severe, they provide basis for determining life or death. Nursing women with febrile diseases present Yang syndromes. A suspended and small pulse indicates a Yin pulse appearing in a Yang syndrome. However, if the hands and feet are warm, righteous qi still exists. Although the pulse is suspended and small, it is merely not large. Thus, survival is possible. Otherwise, cold hands and feet lead to death. Additionally, for nursing women with wind-heat fever, wheezing, rattling, and shoulder breathing—also Yang syndromes—the pulse should be full and large. Only if the fullness and largeness are accompanied by slowness/relaxation does it indicate the gradual retreat of evil qi and potential survival. If fullness and largeness are accompanied by tension/rigidity, evil qi increases further, leading to death.)
What about intestinal discharge with blood? If the body is hot, death ensues; if cool, survival occurs. (Heat indicates blood corruption, hence death. Coolness indicates the presence of Ying qi, hence survival.) What about intestinal discharge with white foam? If the pulse is deep, survival occurs; if floating, death ensues. (A Yin disease presenting with a Yang pulse contradicts the syndrome, hence death.) What about intestinal discharge with pus and blood? If the pulse is suspended and severed, death ensues; if slippery and large, survival occurs. For conditions belonging to intestinal discharge, if the body is not hot and the pulse is not suspended/severed, what is the prognosis? A slippery and large pulse indicates survival; a suspended and choppy pulse indicates death. One predicts death based on the organ's cycle of overcoming. (Liver dies on Geng/Xin days, Heart on Ren/Gui days, Lung on Bing/Ding days, Kidney on Wu/Ji days, Spleen on Jia/Yi days. This is called predicting death by the organ's cycle. This refers to intestinal discharge conditions; whether bloody stool, white foam, or pus and blood, life and death can be determined according to syndrome and pulse.)
What about mania? If the pulse is large and slippery, the disease will resolve itself over time; if the pulse is small, firm, and tense, death is inevitable and untreatable. (A small, firm, and tense pulse is Yin. A Yang syndrome presenting with a Yin pulse leads to death and is untreatable.) Regarding the pulse of mania, how do deficiency and excess manifest? Deficiency is treatable; excess is fatal. (This means that for mania, obtaining a Yang pulse that is deficient allows for survival. Mania is a Yang syndrome. Therefore, a large and slippery pulse represents a Yang syndrome receiving a Yang pulse, so the disease resolves itself after a long time. If the pulse is small, firm, and tense, it represents a Yin pulse, hence death and untreatability. However, regarding the pulse of mania, one should look for deficiency. A pulse that is large and slippery but contains a deficient quality is treatable. If it carries excess, evil qi is abundant, which is a sign of death.)
What about the deficiency and excess of jaundice? If the pulse is full and large, even in chronic illness, it is treatable; if the pulse is suspended, small, and firm, even in chronic illness, it is untreatable. (In chronic illness, blood and qi are depleted; a full and large pulse is inappropriate, hence untreatable.) Sudden pain in jaundice, mania, convulsions, and madness are all generated by long-term reversal of qi. Disharmony of the Five Zang organs arises from blockage of the Six Fu organs. Headache, tinnitus, and dysfunction of the nine orifices arise from disorders of the stomach and intestines. (This states that the origins of diseases all arise from within.)