冯鲁瞻曰∶风邪客于皮毛，是以津液不收，致流清涕，头楚若锯者，名曰鼻鼽。
更有金不生水，则六阳虚火上升，而成鼻干者。更有风湿之气，壅成内热，或因气
疳，故鼻下两旁疮湿痒烂，是名鼻疳，俗呼鼻 疮。不甚痛，汁所流处即成烂疮。（《锦囊》）
又曰∶鼻下一道赤者，名曰 ，以黄连末敷之。
申斗垣曰∶鼻疳，鼻乃肺窍，鼻孔生疳，乃肺中有积热。若不早治，蚀其鼻内
关窍，令人言语不明。（《启玄》）
验方（《启玄》）
儿茶（五钱） 雄黄 轻粉（各一钱） 冰片（一分）
研细吹之。如臭加锅墨五分。
又方
杏仁（不拘多少，去皮、尖，捣碎，取连四纸压去油如白粉一样，只用二分） 轻粉（一钱）
吹患处。三四次自愈。
鼻疳烂通其孔者。
鹿角（锉碎，焙焦） 枯白矾（各一两） 头发（五钱，灯上烧灰）
共研极细末。先用椒水洗净疳孔，然后搽之。如不收口，可用瓦松烧存性，研末搽之。
陈实功曰∶肺气不清，风湿郁滞，而成鼻痔也。如鼻生息肉，结如榴子，渐大
下垂，闭塞孔窍，气不宣通，宜服辛夷清肺饮，外用点药，渐化为水，自愈。（《正宗》）
冯鲁瞻曰∶湿热之气，外郁皮毛，内应太阴，故三焦之火，得以上炎，为鼻生
赘，如灶火上炎，而成煤也。又有胃中食积，热痰流注，是以上燎而鼻生息肉，犹
湿地得热，而生菌也。治宜利膈去热，切勿因碍伤动，否则变成鼻痔矣。（《锦囊》）
又曰∶鼻为呼吸之门户，热气蒸于外，则为肺风赤鼻，不独因于酒也。热气壅于
内，则为息肉鼻疮，故息肉者，上焦积热，郁塞而生也。
窦汉卿曰∶鼻居面中为一生之血运，而鼻孔为肺之窍，其气上通于脑，下行于肺，
肺气壅盛，一有阻滞，诸病生焉，故有鼻痔之患。
又曰∶亦有热伏于脑，外寒侵袭，鼻流臭涕，所谓脑寒、脑漏、鼻渊，均由此成。
冯鲁瞻说：风邪侵袭皮毛，导致津液无法收敛，从而流出清涕，头部疼痛如被锯割一样，这种病称为鼻鼽（以鼻流清涕、头痛为主要特征的疾病）。
更有甚者，因金（肺）不能生水（肾），导致六阳经虚火上升，形成鼻腔干燥的症状。还有风湿之气壅滞体内化为内热，或因气疳所致，导致鼻子下方两侧出现疮疡，潮湿、瘙痒、溃烂，这叫做鼻疳，俗称鼻疮。疼痛不剧烈，流出的汁液所到之处即形成溃烂的疮口。（出自《锦囊》）
又说：鼻子下方有一道红色的痕迹，名叫[此处原文缺字，通常指赤印或类似症状]，用黄连末外敷治疗。
申斗垣说：鼻疳，鼻是肺的窍道，鼻孔生疳，是因为肺中有积热。如果不尽早治疗，会腐蚀鼻内的关窍，导致人说话不清。（出自《启玄》）
验方（出自《启玄》）
儿茶（五钱） 雄黄 轻粉（各一钱） 冰片（一分）
研成细末吹入患处。如果有臭味，加锅墨五分。
又一方
杏仁（不限多少，去皮和尖，捣碎，用四张纸压去油分直到像白粉一样，只用二分） 轻粉（一钱）
吹入患处。三四次即可自愈。
针对鼻疳溃烂通穿鼻孔的情况。
鹿角（锉碎，焙焦） 枯白矾（各一两） 头发（五钱，在灯上烧成灰）
共同研成极细的粉末。先用花椒水洗净疳孔，然后涂抹药粉。如果伤口不愈合，可用瓦松烧至存性（保留药性），研末涂抹。
陈实功说：肺气不清爽，风湿郁滞，从而形成鼻痔。比如鼻内生息肉，结块像石榴籽一样，逐渐变大下垂，闭塞孔窍，气息不通畅，适宜服用辛夷清肺饮，外用点药，逐渐化为水液，自然痊愈。（出自《正宗》）
冯鲁瞻说：湿热之气，外郁于皮毛，内应于太阴（肺脾），因此三焦之火得以向上炎升，导致鼻生赘生物，就像灶火向上燃烧，形成煤渣一样。又有胃中食积，热痰流注，因此向上燎灼而鼻生息肉，就像湿地受热，生出菌类一样。治疗应当利膈清热，千万不要因为碍事而强行触动损伤，否则就会变成鼻痔了。（出自《锦囊》）
又说：鼻是呼吸的门户，热气蒸腾于外，就形成肺风赤鼻，不仅仅因为饮酒所致。热气壅滞于内，就形成息肉鼻疮，所以息肉是由于上焦积热，郁塞而生成的。
窦汉卿说：鼻位于面部中央，是一身气血运行的枢纽，而鼻孔是肺的窍道，其气上通于脑，下行于肺，肺气壅盛，一旦有阻滞，各种疾病就会产生，因此会有患鼻痔的隐患。
Feng Luzhan stated: When wind pathogen invades the skin and hair, body fluids fail to be retained, resulting in the discharge of clear nasal mucus. The head feels painful as if being sawed; this condition is named Bi Qiu (Nasal Rhinorrhea characterized by clear discharge and headache).
Furthermore, if Metal (Lung) fails to generate Water (Kidney), deficiency fire from the six Yang channels rises upward, leading to dryness in the nose. Additionally, damp-heat qi may stagnate internally transforming into internal heat, or it may arise from Qi Gan (Qi-related nasal ulceration), causing sores on both sides below the nose that are moist, itchy, and ulcerated. This is called Bi Gan (Nasal Ulceration), commonly known as nasal sore. It is not very painful; where the exudate flows, ulcers form. (From *Jin Nang*)
It is also said: A red streak below the nose is named [Text missing], treated by applying powder of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian).
Shen Douyuan stated: In Bi Gan, the nose is the orifice of the Lung. Nasal ulceration indicates accumulated heat within the Lung. If not treated early, it will erode the internal nasal passages, causing speech impediments. (From *Qi Xuan*)
Empirical Formula (From *Qi Xuan*):
Catechu (Wu Qian / 5 qian) Realgar (Xionghuang) Calomelas (Qingfen) [each Yi Qian / 1 qian] Borneol (Bingpian) [Yi Fen / 1 fen]
Grind into fine powder and insufflate into the nose. If there is an odor, add Pot Carbon (Guomo) Wu Fen / 5 fen.
Another Prescription:
Almond (Ren) (Any amount, remove skin and tips, crush, press between four sheets of paper to remove oil until it resembles white powder, use only Er Fen / 2 fen) Calomelas (Qingfen) [Yi Qian / 1 qian]
Insufflate into the affected area. It will heal spontaneously after three or four applications.
For cases where Bi Gan has ulcerated through the nasal cavity:
Deer Antler Lu Jiao (Crushed, roasted until charred) Calcined Alum Ku Bai Fan [each Yi Liang / 1 liang] Human Hair Tou Fa (Wu Qian / 5 qian, burned to ash over a lamp)
Grind all into extremely fine powder. First, wash the ulcerated cavity with pepper water, then apply the powder. If the wound does not close, use Polyporus on Tile Wall Wa Song (burned to retain its properties), grind into powder, and apply.
Chen Shigong stated: When Lung Qi is unclear and damp-heat stagnates, Bi Zhi (Nasal Polyp) forms. For instance, polyps grow in the nose, resembling pomegranate seeds, gradually enlarging and drooping, blocking the orifices and obstructing airflow. One should take Xin Yi Qing Fei Yin (Magnolia Bud Decoction to Clear the Lungs) and apply external medication, which will gradually liquefy and resolve spontaneously. (From *Zheng Zong*)
Feng Luzhan stated: Damp-heat qi stagnates externally on the skin and hair and internally corresponds to Taiyin (Lung/Spleen). Consequently, fire from the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) flares upward, causing nasal excrescences, similar to soot forming from a stove fire. Also, food stagnation in the Stomach and flowing hot phlegm can scorch upwards, causing nasal polyps, akin to fungi growing on wet soil heated by the sun. Treatment should focus on clearing the diaphragm and removing heat. Do not forcibly disturb or damage the lesion due to obstruction; otherwise, it may transform into Bi Zhi. (From *Jin Nang*)
He further stated: The nose is the gateway for respiration. Heat steaming externally causes Lung Wind Chi Bi (Red Nose due to Lung Wind), which is not solely caused by alcohol consumption. Heat stagnating internally causes polypoid nasal sores. Thus, polyps arise from accumulated heat in the Upper Jiao causing stagnation and blockage.
Dou Hanqing stated: The nose is located in the center of the face, serving as a hub for the circulation of blood and Qi throughout life. The nostrils are the orifices of the Lung, with Qi connecting upward to the Brain and downward to the Lung. When Lung Qi is excessive and obstructed, various diseases arise, leading to the risk of Bi Zhi.
He also stated: There are cases where heat lurks in the Brain while external cold invades, causing foul-smelling nasal discharge. This is referred to as Brain Cold, Brain Leakage, or Bi Yuan (Nasal Sinusitis/Ozena), all resulting from such conditions.