脉形宽大有力为洪，大而无力为虚。
主病 大则病进，为元气之贼，浮大表病，沉大里病，惟缓而大，则为正脉也。
缓脉小 于迟，一息四至，如丝在经，不卷其轴。应指和缓，往来甚匀，如初春杨柳舞
象，如风轻沾柳梢，缓脉在卦为坤，在时为四季，在人为脾，阳主阴尺上下同等。浮大而软
，无有偏胜者，平脉也。若非其时，则为有病，缓而和平，不浮不沉，不徐不疾者，即有胃
气。故杜氏云∶欲知死期何以取，先贤推定五般土，阳土须知不过阴，阴土过阴当细数。
主病 缓脉主营气衰，卫气有余，或风或湿或脾虚，上主项强，下主痿痹，寸缓主项背
，关主风晕，胃家虚弱，尺主濡泄，或风秘，脚弱无力。又曰∶浮缓为风，沉缓为湿，缓大
风虚，缓细湿痹，缓涩脾虚，缓弱风气，《脉诀》言缓主脾热，口臭，反胃齿痛，梦鬼之病
，出自杜撰，与缓无关。
浮大而软，按之中空两边实。又曰∶中空外实，状若慈葱。刘氏云∶芤脉何似，绝类慈
指下成窟，有边无中。戴氏云∶营行脉中，脉以血为形，芤脉中空，脱血之象也。又曰∶芤
形浮大软如葱，按之旁有中央空，火犯阳经血上溢，热侵阴络下流红。《脉经》云∶三部芤
脉，长病得之生，卒病得之死。《脉诀》云∶两头有，中间无，是脉断绝矣。又言∶主淋涩
，气入小肠，与失血之候相反，误世不小。
主病 寸主胸中积热，关主肠内生痈，尺主下血赤淋，红痢崩中。
脉象形态宽大且有力的是洪脉，大而无力的是虚脉。
主病：脉大表示病情进展，是元气的贼害；浮大脉主表证，沉大脉主里证，只有缓而大的脉，才是正常的平脉。
缓脉比迟脉稍快，一呼一吸之间跳动四次，脉气如丝在经脉中运行，不卷曲其轴心。应指感觉和缓，往来非常均匀，像初春杨柳随风起舞的景象，又像微风轻轻沾拂柳梢。缓脉在八卦中对应坤卦，在季节中对应四季之末（长夏），在人体对应脾脏。阳气主导，阴尺部位上下同等。脉象浮大而柔软，没有偏胜的，是正常的平脉。如果不是相应的时节出现，就是有病。缓脉若平和，不浮不沉，不快不慢，说明有胃气。所以杜氏说：“想知道死期如何判断，先贤推定为五种土脉，阳土脉须知不超过阴土的范围，阴土脉超过阴土范围应当仔细推算。”
主病：缓脉主营气衰弱，卫气有余，或者是风邪、湿邪或者脾虚所致。上部主要导致项部僵硬，下部主要导致痿痹。寸口缓脉主项背部不适，关部缓脉主风眩，胃家虚弱，尺部缓脉主濡泄，或者是风秘，脚弱无力。又说：浮缓脉主风邪，沉缓脉主湿邪，缓大脉主风虚，缓细脉主湿痹，缓涩脉主脾虚，缓弱脉主风气。《脉诀》说缓脉主脾热、口臭、反胃、齿痛、梦鬼之病，这是出自杜撰，与缓脉无关。
浮大且柔软，重按中间空虚两边实。又说：中空外实，形状像慈葱（一种大葱）。刘氏说：芤脉像什么？完全像慈葱，手指下成窟窿，有边无中。戴氏说：营气行于脉中，脉以血为形体，芤脉中空，是失血的征象。又说：芤形浮大软如葱，按压旁边有而中央空，火邪侵犯阳经血液向上溢出，热邪侵袭阴络血液向下流出红血。《脉经》说：三部出现芤脉，久病得之可生，急病得之则死。《脉诀》说：两头有脉，中间无脉，这是脉断绝了。又说：主淋涩，气入小肠，这与失血的证候相反，误导世人不少。
The pulse shape that is broad and forceful is the Hong (Surging) pulse, while one that is broad but forceless is the Xu (Deficiency) pulse.
Predominant Diseases: A large pulse indicates disease progression and acts as a thief of Yuan Qi (Original Qi). A Fu (Floating) large pulse indicates exterior diseases, while a Chen (Deep) large pulse indicates interior diseases; only a Huan (Moderate/Slack) large pulse represents a normal pulse.
The Huan pulse is slightly faster than the Chi (Slow) pulse, beating four times per respiration. Its qi flows within the meridians like a thread on an axis without coiling. It feels moderate and gentle upon palpation, with smooth and even movement, resembling willow branches dancing in early spring or light wind gently touching willow tips. In the Eight Trigrams, it corresponds to Kun; in seasons, it corresponds to the transition periods between seasons (Late Summer); in the human body, it corresponds to the Pi (Spleen). Yang governs, and the Yin Cun (Radial Artery at the distal end) is equal above and below. A pulse that is floating, large, and soft, without any excessiveness, is a Ping (Normal) pulse. If appearing out of season, it indicates disease. A Huan pulse that is peaceful, neither floating nor deep, neither rapid nor slow, indicates the presence of Wei Qi (Stomach Qi). Thus, Du Shi stated: "To know how to determine the time of death, the sages deduced five types of Earth pulses; for Yang Earth pulses, one must know they should not exceed Yin Earth pulses, and if Yin Earth pulses exceed Yin limits, careful calculation is required."
Predominant Diseases: The Huan pulse indicates decline in Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and excess in Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), or it may be due to Wind pathogen, Dampness pathogen, or Spleen deficiency. Upper manifestations mainly include stiffness of the neck; lower manifestations mainly include Wei Bi (Flaccidity and Obstruction). A Huan pulse at the Cun position indicates discomfort in the neck and back; at the Guan position, it indicates dizziness caused by Wind; it also indicates weakness of the Stomach organ; at the Chi position, it indicates Ru Xie (Loose stools) or Feng Mi (Wind-induced constipation), and weakness/lassitude of the legs. Furthermore: Floating-Huan indicates Wind; Deep-Huan indicates Dampness; Large-Huan indicates Wind-Deficiency; Fine-Huan indicates Damp-Bi; Choppy-Huan indicates Spleen deficiency; Weak-Huan indicates Wind-Qi. The Mai Jue (Pulse Classic) claims that Huan pulse indicates Spleen Heat, bad breath, regurgitation, toothache, and dreams of ghosts; this is fabricated and unrelated to the Huan pulse.
A pulse that is floating, large, and soft, feeling hollow in the center and solid on the sides when pressed heavily. It is also described as hollow in the center and solid on the outside, resembling Ci Cong (a type of green onion). Liu Shi said: "What does the Kou (Hollow) pulse resemble? It is exactly like Ci Cong; under the finger, it forms a cavity, having edges but no center." Dai Shi said: "Ying Qi circulates within the vessels, and the vessel takes form from blood. The Kou pulse is hollow in the center, which is a sign of blood loss." It is further stated: "The Kou shape is floating, large, and soft like an onion; pressing reveals solidity on the sides but hollowness in the center. Fire invading Yang meridians causes blood to overflow upwards; heat invading Yin collaterals causes red blood to flow downwards." The Mai Jing (Classic of Pulses) states: "If the Kou pulse appears in all three positions, it indicates survival for chronic illnesses but death for acute illnesses." The Mai Jue states: "There is pulse at both ends but none in the middle, indicating severed pulse connection." It also claims it indicates Lin Se (Dysuria) and Qi entering the Small Intestine, which contradicts signs of blood loss and has misled many.
Predominant Diseases: At the Cun position, it indicates accumulated heat in the chest; at the Guan position, it indicates abscesses forming in the intestines; at the Chi position, it indicates lower bleeding, Chi Lin (Bloody Dysuria), Red Dysentery, and Beng Zhong (Metrorrhagia/Metrostaxis).