气味苦、平，无毒。主腰脊痛强，骨节风寒湿周痹，恶疮不瘳，热气。（《本经》）伤
中，恚怒，阴痿失溺，老人五缓，关节老血。（《别录》）
气味苦、辛、涩、温，无毒。主消谷逐水，除痰癖，杀三虫，伏尸，疗寸白。（《别
录》）
气味苦、寒，有毒。主下气，疗脚满水胀，除风毒，利小便。（《别录》）
陈修园曰∶大毒大破之药，不堪以疗内病。惟杨梅疮，或毒发周身，或结于一处，甚则
阴器
剥，鼻柱坏，囟溃不合，其病多从阴器而入，亦必使之从阴器而出也。法用牵牛研取头末，
以土茯苓自然汁泛丸，又以烧 散为衣。每服一钱，生槐蕊四钱，以土茯苓汤送下，一日
三服。服半月效。
气味甘、温，无毒。主寒热，身肿，久服轻身，长年益寿。（《别录》）
陈修园曰∶气温得春气而入肝，味甘得土味而入胃。何以知入胃不入脾？以此物质轻味
薄，
偏走阳分，胃为阳土也。其主寒热者，忍冬延蔓善走，花开黄白二色，黄入营分，白入卫分
，营卫调而寒热之病愈矣。其主身肿者，以风木之气伤于中土，内则病胀，外则病肿，昔人
统名为蛊，取卦象山风之义。忍冬甘入胃，胃为艮土。（艮为山。）温入肝，肝为风木。（巽
为风。）内能使土木合德，外能使营卫和谐，所以善治之也。久服长年益寿者，夸其安内调
外之功也。至于疮毒肿毒等证，时医重其功，而《别录》反未言及者，以外科诸效，特疏风
祛湿，调和营卫之余事耳。
【忍冬】
气味苦、平，无毒。主治腰脊疼痛僵硬，骨节间的风寒湿邪引起的周身痹痛，恶疮久治不愈，以及热气。（出自《神农本草经》）
（另一记载：）损伤中气，愤怒情绪，阳痿及小便失禁，老年人五脏缓弱，关节陈旧性瘀血。（出自《名医别录》）
【木通】
气味苦、辛、涩、温，无毒。主治消化食物、逐除水饮，消除痰饮积聚，杀灭三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、姜片虫等），治疗伏尸（潜伏体内的死血或寄生虫病），治疗寸白虫（绦虫）。（出自《名医别录》）
【防己】
气味苦、寒，有毒。主治降气，治疗脚部肿胀和水胀病，祛除风毒，通利小便。（出自《名医别录》）
陈修园说：大毒大破的药物，不堪用来治疗内脏疾病。只有杨梅疮，或者毒性发于全身，或者结聚在一处，严重时甚至导致阴器溃烂、鼻梁塌陷、囟门溃破不合，这种病多从阴器而入，也必须使毒素从阴器而出。治疗方法是用牵牛子研磨取头末，用土茯苓的自然汁作为泛丸的辅料制成药丸，又以烧过的某散（原文缺字，推测为某种解毒散剂）作为外衣。每次服用一钱，配合生槐蕊四钱，用土茯苓汤送服，一天服用三次。服用半个月见效。
【甘草】
气味甘、温，无毒。主治寒热病，身体浮肿，长期服用可以轻身延年，增加寿命。（出自《名医别录》）
陈修园说：气温得春气而进入肝脏，味甘得土味而进入胃腑。怎么知道它入胃而不入脾呢？因为这个物质质地轻、味道薄，偏向运行于阳分，胃属于阳土。它主治寒热的原因，是因为忍冬藤蔓善于行走，花开黄白两色，黄色进入营分，白色进入卫分，营卫调和则寒热之病痊愈。它主治身体浮肿的原因，是因为风木之气伤害了中土，在内则导致胀病，在外则导致肿病，古人统称为蛊，取卦象中山风蛊的含义。忍冬味甘入胃，胃为艮土（艮代表山）。温性入肝，肝为风木（巽代表风）。在内能使土木和谐共处，在外能使营卫协调，所以善于治疗这些病症。长期服用能长年益寿，是夸耀其安内调外的功效罢了。至于疮毒、肿毒等证候，当时的医生重视它的功效，而《名医别录》反而没有提及，是因为外科的各种疗效，不过是疏风祛湿、调和营卫的附带作用而已。
[Ren Dong (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos)]
Taste: Bitter, Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats pain and stiffness of the waist and spine, wind-cold-dampness bi-syndrome affecting the joints and whole body, malignant sores that do not heal, and heat qi. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
(Another record:) Injury to the middle jiao, anger, impotence, urinary incontinence, five types of flaccidity in the elderly, and old blood stasis in the joints. (From *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis)]
Taste: Bitter, Pungent, Astringent, Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly promotes digestion, expels water retention, eliminates phlegm accumulations, kills three types of parasites, treats fusshi (latent corpse disease), and cures inchworm tapeworm. (From *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix)]
Taste: Bitter, Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Mainly directs qi downward, treats edema of the feet and general water swelling, dispels wind toxicity, and promotes urination. (From *Mingyi Bielu*)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Drugs with extreme toxicity and strong breaking properties are unsuitable for treating internal diseases. Only in the case of ymei chuang (syphilitic chancre), where the toxin either spreads over the whole body or clusters in one area, and severely causes ulceration of the genitalia, collapse of the nasal bridge, or failure of the fontanelle to close, does the disease often enter through the genitalia and must therefore exit through the genitalia. The method involves grinding Qian Niu (Pharbitidis Semen) to obtain the finest powder, forming pills using the natural juice of Tu Fu Ling (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma), and coating them with a burnt powder (text missing). Each dose is one qian, accompanied by four qian of fresh Huai Rui (Sophorae Flos), taken down with a decoction of Tu Fu Ling, three times a day. Effect is seen after half a month of administration.
[Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)]
Taste: Sweet, Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats chills and fever, bodily swelling. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prolongs life, and increases longevity. (From *Mingyi Bielu*)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Its warm nature enters the Liver due to the Qi of Spring; its sweet taste enters the Stomach due to the flavor of Earth. How do we know it enters the Stomach and not the Spleen? Because this substance is light in texture and thin in flavor, it tends to travel in the Yang aspect. The Stomach is Yang Earth. Its ability to treat chills and fever is because Ren Dong vines move vigorously; the flowers bloom in yellow and white colors. Yellow enters the Ying (Nutrient) level, and white enters the Wei (Defensive) level. When Ying and Wei are harmonized, the disease of chills and fever resolves. Its ability to treat bodily swelling is because Wind-Wood Qi injures the Central Earth. Internally, this causes distension; externally, it causes swelling. Ancients collectively called this Gu (蛊), deriving meaning from the hexagram Mountain over Wind (Feng Gu). Ren Dong’s sweetness enters the Stomach, which is Gen Earth (Gen represents Mountain). Its warmth enters the Liver, which is Wind-Wood (Xun represents Wind). Internally, it allows Wood and Earth to cooperate virtuously; externally, it harmonizes Ying and Wei. Therefore, it is effective in treatment. The claim that long-term consumption prolongs life exaggerates its merit of stabilizing the interior and regulating the exterior. As for conditions such as sore toxins and swelling toxins, contemporary physicians value its efficacy, yet *Mingyi Bielu* did not mention them, because various external surgical effects are merely secondary outcomes of dispersing wind, removing dampness, and harmonizing Ying and Wei.