气味甘、平，无毒。主心腹鬼疰精物老魅，咳逆，泄痢脓血，女子漏下，症瘕坚
结，小儿热气惊痫。
陈修园曰∶龙得天地纯阳之气，凡心腹鬼疰精物，皆属阴气作祟，阳能制阴也。肝属木
而得东方之气，肝火乘于上则为咳逆，奔于下则为泄痢脓血。女子漏下，龙骨能敛戢肝火，
故皆治之。且其用变化莫测，虽症瘕坚结难疗，亦能穿入而攻破之。至于惊痫颠痉，皆肝气
上逆，挟痰而归迸入心；龙骨能敛火安神，逐痰降逆，故为惊痫颠痉之圣药。仲景风引汤，
必是熟读《本经》，从此一味悟出全方，而神妙变化，亦如龙之莫测。余今详注此品，复为
点睛欲飞矣。
痰，水也，随火而升。龙属阳而潜于海，能引逆上之火与泛滥之水，而归其宅。若与牡
蛎同用，为治痰之神品。今人只知其性涩以止脱，何其浅也？
气味甘、平，无毒。主心腹内崩，劳极洒洒如疟状。腰腹痛，四肢酸疼，女子下
血，安胎。久服轻身益气。
陈修园曰∶阿胶以阿井之水，入黑驴皮煎炼成胶也。《内经》云∶手少阴外合于济水，
内合于心，故能入心。又曰∶皮毛者，肺之合也；以皮煎胶，故能入肺，味甘无毒，得地中
正之土气，故能入脾。凡心包之血，不能散行经脉，下入于腹，则为崩堕，阿胶入心补血，
故能治之。劳极气虚，皮毛洒洒如疟状之先寒；阿胶入肺补气，故能治之。脾为后天生血之
本，脾虚则阴血内枯，腰腹空痛，四肢酸疼；阿胶补养脾阴，故能治之。且血得脾以统，所
以有治女子下血之效。胎以血为养，所以有安胎之效。血足气亦充，所以有轻身益气之效也
东阿井，在山东兖州府阳谷县，东北六十里，即古之东阿县也。此清济之水，伏行地中
，历千里而发于此井，其水较其旁诸水，重十之一、二不等。人之血脉，宜伏而不宜见，宜
沉而不宜浮；以之制胶，正与血脉相宜也。必用黑皮者，以济水合于心，黑色属于肾，取水
火相济之义也。所以妙者，驴亦马类，属火而动风；肝为风脏而藏血，今借驴皮动风之药，
引入肝经；又取阿水沉静之性，静以制动；俾风火熄而阴血生，逆痰降。此《本经》性与天
道
【龙骨】
气味：甘，平，无毒。主治：心腹部位的鬼疰（一种由邪气引起的慢性消耗性疾病）及精怪作祟，咳嗽气逆，痢疾脓血，女子经血淋漓不尽，腹部结块坚硬，小儿热病引发的惊厥癫痫。
陈修园说：龙禀受了天地间纯阳之气。凡是心腹部的鬼疰、精怪作祟，都属于阴气在作乱，阳气能够制约阴气。肝属木，得东方之气，肝火向上冲逆则导致咳嗽气逆，向下奔注则导致痢疾脓血。女子经血淋漓不尽，龙骨能够收敛抑制肝火，所以能治疗这些病症。而且龙骨的作用变化莫测，即使是难以治疗的坚硬结块，也能穿透并攻破它。至于惊厥、癫痫、癫狂、痉挛，都是肝气上逆，挟带痰浊冲击心脏；龙骨能够收敛火势、安定神志、驱逐痰浊、降逆气，所以是治疗惊厥、癫痫、癫狂、痉挛的神圣药物。张仲景的风引汤，一定是熟读《神农本草经》后，从这一味药领悟出整个方剂的配伍，其神妙变化，也像龙一样不可测度。我现在详细注释这味药，仿佛为画龙点睛，让它欲飞而去。
痰是水液，随着火势上升。龙属阳而潜伏于大海，能够引导上逆的火气和泛滥的水气，使它们回归本位。如果与牡蛎同用，是治疗痰证的极品。现在的人只知道它的性涩可以固脱止遗，见识何其浅薄啊！
【阿胶】
气味：甘，平，无毒。主治：心腹内部出血，极度疲劳时感觉寒冷如疟疾发作。腰痛腹痛，四肢酸痛，女子下血，安胎。长期服用能使身体轻便，益气力。
陈修园说：阿胶是用阿井的水，加入黑驴皮煎炼而成的胶。《黄帝内经》说：手少阴心经外合于济水，内合于心，所以阿胶能入心。又说：皮毛是肺的外合；用皮来煎胶，所以能入肺。味甘无毒，得大地中正的土气，所以能入脾。凡是心包络的血，不能散布运行于经脉，而下陷入腹部，就会造成崩漏堕胎，阿胶入心补血，所以能治疗它。极度疲劳导致气虚，皮毛感觉寒冷如疟疾发作之前的寒战；阿胶入肺补气，所以能治疗它。脾是后天生成血液的根本，脾虚则阴血在内枯竭，腰部腹部空痛，四肢酸痛；阿胶补养脾阴，所以能治疗它。而且血液依靠脾统摄，所以有治疗女子下血的功效。胎儿以血为营养来源，所以有安胎的功效。血液充足，气也随之充盛，所以有身体轻便、益气力的功效。
东阿井位于山东兖州府阳谷县东北六十里，就是古代的东阿县。这里的清济之水，潜伏在地中流动，经过千里才在此井涌出，其水质比旁边的其他水重十分之一到二不等。人的血脉，适宜潜伏而不宜显露，适宜下沉而不宜浮越；用它来制作胶，正与血脉的特性相适宜。必须用黑皮的原因，是因为济水合于心，黑色属于肾，取水火相济的含义。其中奥妙之处在于，驴也是马类，属火且动风；肝是藏风的脏腑且藏血，如今借用驴皮动风的药性，引入肝经；又取阿井水沉静之性，以静制动；使得风火熄灭而阴血滋生，逆上的痰浊下降。这是《神农本草经》记载的药性与天道……
[Longgu (Dragon Bone)]
Taste and Nature: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Indications: Governs "Guizhu" (a chronic wasting disease caused by evil qi) and disturbances by spirits or demons in the heart and abdomen; cough with reverse flow of Qi; dysentery with pus and blood; leukorrhea or metrorrhagia in women; hard and firm masses in the abdomen; heat-induced convulsions and epilepsy in children.
Chen Xiuyuan states: The dragon embodies the pure Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth. All cases of Guizhu and disturbances by spirits or demons in the heart and abdomen belong to Yin Qi acting as a disturbance; Yang can control Yin. The Liver belongs to Wood and receives the Qi of the East. When Liver Fire rushes upward, it causes cough with reverse flow of Qi; when it rushes downward, it causes dysentery with pus and blood. For leukorrhea or metrorrhagia in women, Longgu can restrain and curb Liver Fire, thus treating these conditions. Moreover, its effects are unpredictable; even for difficult-to-treat hard and firm masses, it can penetrate and break them down. As for convulsions, epilepsy, mania, and spasms, these are all due to Liver Qi rebelling upward, carrying phlegm to strike the Heart; Longgu can restrain fire, calm the spirit, expel phlegm, and descend rebellious Qi, making it a sacred medicine for convulsions, epilepsy, mania, and spasms. Zhang Zhongjing's Fengyin Decoction must have been derived from thoroughly studying the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, realizing the entire formula from this single herb. Its divine and subtle changes are also as unfathomable as the dragon. Now that I have detailed the annotation of this substance, it is like adding the finishing touch to a painted dragon, ready to fly.
Phlegm is water fluid, rising with fire. The dragon belongs to Yang and hides in the sea; it can guide rebellious fire and overflowing water fluids back to their residence. If used together with Muli (Oyster Shell), it becomes a supreme product for treating phlegm. People nowadays only know its astringent nature for stopping collapse and leakage; how shallow is this understanding!
[Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin)]
Taste and Nature: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Indications: Governs internal bleeding in the heart and abdomen; feeling cold like malaria during extreme exhaustion; lower back and abdominal pain; soreness and pain in the four limbs; vaginal bleeding in women; calming the fetus. Long-term use makes the body light and benefits Qi.
Chen Xiuyuan states: Ejiao is made by boiling black donkey hide with water from the E-Ah Well. The *Huangdi Neijing* states: The Hand-Shaoyin (Heart) meridian externally harmonizes with the Ji River and internally harmonizes with the Heart; therefore, Ejiao can enter the Heart. It also states: Skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lung; since gelatin is boiled from skin, it can enter the Lung. Sweet in taste and non-toxic, it obtains the central Earth Qi from the ground; therefore, it can enter the Spleen. Whenever Blood of the Pericardium cannot disperse and circulate through the meridians but sinks into the abdomen, it results in metrorrhagia or miscarriage. Ejiao enters the Heart to tonify Blood, thus treating it. Extreme exhaustion leads to Qi deficiency, causing the skin and hair to feel cold like the pre-chill stage of malaria; Ejiao enters the Lung to tonify Qi, thus treating it. The Spleen is the root of post-heaven Blood generation. Spleen deficiency leads to internal depletion of Yin-Blood, causing empty pain in the waist and abdomen and soreness in the four limbs; Ejiao tonifies and nourishes Spleen Yin, thus treating it. Furthermore, Blood is controlled by the Spleen, which explains its efficacy in treating vaginal bleeding in women. The fetus is nourished by Blood, which explains its efficacy in calming the fetus. When Blood is sufficient, Qi is also充盈 (full), which explains the effect of making the body light and benefiting Qi.
The E-Ah Well is located 60 li northeast of Yanggu County, Yanzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province, which was the ancient Dong'e County. The clear water of the Ji River flows underground for a thousand miles before emerging at this well. Its density is one to two parts heavier than the surrounding waters. Human blood vessels should be hidden rather than exposed, and sunken rather than floating; using this water to make gelatin is perfectly suited to the nature of blood vessels. The reason for using black hide is that the Ji River corresponds to the Heart, and black corresponds to the Kidney, symbolizing the mutual interaction of Water and Fire. The subtlety lies in the fact that the donkey, being of the horse family, belongs to Fire and stirs Wind; the Liver is the organ that stores Wind and Blood. By borrowing the wind-stirring property of the donkey hide, the medicine is guided into the Liver Meridian; simultaneously, the tranquil nature of the Ah water is used to control movement with stillness. This extinguishes Wind and Fire, generates Yin-Blood, and descends rebellious Phlegm. This reflects the medicinal nature recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* and the Way of Heaven...