经曰∶诸痛痒疮疡，皆属于心。诸禁鼓栗，如丧神守；诸逆冲上；诸躁狂越，皆属于火。诸腹
胀大；诸病有声，鼓之如鼓；诸病 肿，疼酸惊骇；诸转反戾，水液混浊；诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫；皆
属于热。又曰∶诸热瞀 ，暴喑冒昧，躁扰狂越，骂詈骇惊，嚏呕喉痹，耳鸣及聋，呕涌溢食不下，目
不明，暴注 ，暴病暴死，皆属于火。又五火者∶喜动心火，怒动肝火，思动脾火，忧动肺火
，恐动肾火，兼以君、相二火，七火日炽，左肾一水，奚能胜之。火邪燔烁，则耗损元气，煎熬真
阴，阴血既亏，则阳火愈盛，津液枯涸，诸火热之证生焉。治火之要∶微者，凉药清解；甚者；苦
寒直折；极者，温药从治（调酒炒、姜制，或少加姜、桂，为寒药之向导。）三法不已，当滋肾补
血，是壮水制火，养阴抑阳之理。经曰∶益火之源，以消阴翳；壮水之主，以制阳光。脉虚浮为虚
火，宜补；洪大为实火，宜泻。见于何部，而于本经补泻之。细涩而急数者，乃阴虚火动，宜滋培
之。治肥人火兼清痰，治瘦人火兼养血，热极生风，防风通圣散（方见中风。）
主方 （治实火） 黄连 黄柏 黄芩 栀子（等分） 水煎热服。
心、小肠火，倍黄连，加木通、生地、甘草、淡竹叶；肝火加柴胡、白芍，胆火加龙胆草；脾火倍
栀子加滑石、防风、白芍、枳壳，胃火加石膏；肺火倍枯片芩，加桑皮、地骨皮、甘草，大肠火，
条黄芩、枳壳；肾、膀胱火，黄柏、知母（盐水炒，又退骨蒸热。）连翘散郁火，泻诸经客热。玄
参去上焦浮游之火，除无根失守之火，尤能壮水制火。青黛泻五脏郁火，又清肺、肝火。人中白泻
肝火，疗劳热。甘草缓急速之火。人中黄清阴火，理伤寒疫疠大热。薄荷叶祛上焦风火。栀子去三
焦屈曲之火，从小便出。大黄、芒硝泻有余实火。泻实火药中暂加酒煮大黄数分，效速。
补中益气汤 治虚火最效（方见虚损）。
益元散 泻实火有功（方见暑证。）
升阳散火汤 治男、妇四肢筋骨肌表俱热如火，扪之烙手。此因血虚或胃虚，食生冷之物
，郁遏阳气于脾土之中。火郁宜发之。
升麻 葛根 独活 羌活 白芍 人参（各六分） 柴胡 防风（各三分） 甘草（二分）
上加生姜三片，水煎热服。
滋阴降火汤 治阴虚血少，阳火妄动，为骨蒸等证。
当归 地黄（生凉血，热补血） 麦冬（二钱） 天门冬（二钱） 白芍 甘草（炙） 白术（
各一钱） 知母 黄柏（蜜炒） 远志 陈皮 川芎（各七分）
上加生姜、灯心，水煎服。气虚加参、 ；嗽加五味、阿胶；痰加贝母、栝蒌；吐血加丹皮、
藕节汁、焦荆芥、焦蒲黄；骨蒸热加地骨皮，甚者青蒿、鳖甲、胡黄连、银柴胡之类；火盛者用凉药，少兼温散。
麦门冬汤 治病后火热乘肺，咳唾有血，胸胁胀满，上气喘急，五心烦热，渴而躁闷等证。
麦冬（七分） 天门冬（七分） 桑白皮（七分） 五味子（九粒） 紫菀茸 贝母（各六分）
桔梗 甘草（各五分） 生地黄 淡竹叶（各一钱）
上加姜、枣，水煎服。
凉膈散 泻三焦六经诸火。加黄连，名清心汤。
大黄 朴硝 甘草（各一钱） 连翘（一钱五分） 栀子 黄芩 薄荷（各五分）
上水盏半煎，入蜜一匙，和匀服。
三补丸 泻三焦火，令元气安，故名。加大黄去黄连，名三黄丸。
黄芩 黄柏 黄连
共为末，滴水丸服（加栀子，名金花丸。每百丸茶下。）
生姜泻肠汤 治大阳实热，腹胀不通，口舌生疮。
生姜 橘皮 竹茹（各五分） 生地黄（钱半） 白术 茯苓 黄芩 栀子（各一钱） 朴硝
（二钱） 桂心（五分）
上加枣（一枚），水煎服。
黄连解毒汤 三焦实火，五脏积热，内外火炽，口疮烦渴，便赤。
黄连 黄芩 黄柏 栀子 柴胡 芍药 连翘（等分）
上加灯心二十枝，水煎服。减柏、柴、芍、翘，余各二两，加黑丑（为末）滑石（水飞。各四两）共为末，水
叠丸桐子大，每服五十丸，白汤下。治诸经火邪，热毒疮、肠痈肿，筋脉拘挛，切牙，惊悸，淋浊，痔漏。
简便方 清火。
扁柏叶泡汤饮，或 、或芹，焯食皆去热。
又方 悉尼频食，大治火热之病。粪清大解热毒。
又方 童便以其出于二阴窍，故性寒治火，然而源从太阳经来，不伤胃气。古人犹谓便溺及乳
，人有七情之火，特取驴、马、牛、羊者。
《黄帝内经》中说：各种疼痛、瘙痒、疮疡，都归属于心。各种口噤不开、鼓颔战栗，如同失去神志主宰；各种气逆冲上的症状；各种烦躁狂乱、超越常态的行为，都归属于火。各种腹部胀大；各种病证伴有声响，叩击如鼓声；各种肿胀、疼痛酸楚、惊恐骇异；各种筋脉拘挛反折，小便浑浊；各种呕吐酸水，突然腹泻且里急后重；都归属于热。又说：各种发热导致的神志昏蒙、突然失音、头目昏眩，烦躁扰乱、狂乱越常、骂人惊骇，喷嚏、呕吐、喉痹，耳鸣及耳聋，呕吐涌溢、饮食不下，视力不明，突然腹泻，突发疾病甚至暴死，都归属于火。另外五种火邪：喜悦过度扰动心火，愤怒过度扰动肝火，思虑过度扰动脾火，忧愁过度扰动肺火，恐惧过度扰动肾火，再加上君火（心火）和相火（命门之火），七种火邪日益炽盛，左肾的一滴水（肾阴），怎么能抵挡得住呢？火邪焚烧灼烁，就会耗损元气，煎熬真阴，阴血既然亏损，那么阳火就更加旺盛，津液枯涸，各种火热病证就产生了。治疗火邪的关键：轻微的，用凉药清解；严重的，用苦寒药物直接折服；极端的，用温药从治（通过酒炒、姜制，或少加生姜、肉桂，作为寒药的向导）。如果这三种方法无效，应当滋补肾阴、补益血液，这是“壮水之主，以制阳光”（滋养肾阴以抑制亢盛的阳火）的道理。《内经》说：“益火之源，以消阴翳”（补益命门之火，以消除阴寒之邪）；“壮水之主，以制阳光”（滋补肾阴，以制约亢盛的阳火）。脉象虚浮属于虚火，适宜补益；脉象洪大属于实火，适宜泻下。根据脉象出现在寸关尺的哪一部，就在相应的本经进行补泻。脉象细涩而急数，是阴虚火动，适宜滋培。治疗肥胖人的火证兼清痰，治疗瘦人的火证兼养血，热极生风，用防风通圣散（方剂见中风章节）为主方。（治疗实火的）主方：黄连、黄柏、黄芩、栀子（等分），水煎热服。心和小肠的火，加倍黄连，加木通、生地、甘草、淡竹叶；肝火加柴胡、白芍；胆火加龙胆草；脾火加倍栀子，加滑石、防风、白芍、枳壳；胃火加石膏；肺火加倍枯芩（黄芩），加桑白皮、地骨皮、甘草；大肠火，用条芩（黄芩）、枳壳；肾和膀胱的火，用黄柏、知母（盐水炒，又能退除骨蒸潮热）。连翘疏散郁结之火，泻除各经客热。玄参去除上焦浮游之火，清除无根失守之火，尤其能滋补肾阴以制约阳火。青黛泻五脏郁火，又清肺、肝火。人中白泻肝火，治疗劳热。甘草缓解急速之火。人中黄清阴火，调理伤寒疫疠的大热。薄荷叶祛除上焦风火。栀子去除三焦屈曲之火，从小便排出。大黄、芒硝泻除有余的实火。在泻实火的药中暂时加入酒煮大黄数分，疗效迅速。补中益气汤治疗虚火最见效（方剂见虚损章节）。益元散对泻实火有功（方剂见暑证章节）。升阳散火汤治疗男女四肢筋骨肌表全部发热如火，摸上去烫手。这是因为血虚或胃虚，食用生冷食物，导致阳气郁遏在脾土之中。火郁应当发散。升麻、葛根、独活、羌活、白芍、人参（各六分），柴胡、防风（各三分），甘草（二分），上加生姜三片，水煎热服。滋阴降火汤治疗阴虚血少，阳火妄动，表现为骨蒸等证候。当归、地黄（生地凉血，熟地补血）、麦冬（二钱）、天门冬（二钱）、白芍、甘草（炙）、白术（各一钱）、知母、黄柏（蜜炒）、远志、陈皮、川芎（各七分），上加生姜、灯心草，水煎服。气虚加人参、黄芪；咳嗽加五味子、阿胶；痰多加贝母、瓜蒌；吐血加牡丹皮、藕节汁、炒荆芥、炒蒲黄；骨蒸热加地骨皮，严重的加青蒿、鳖甲、胡黄连、银柴胡之类；火盛者用凉药，稍兼温散。麦门冬汤治疗病后火热乘袭肺脏，咳唾带血，胸胁胀满，上气喘急，五心烦热，口渴烦躁闷乱等证候。麦冬（七分）、天门冬（七分）、桑白皮（七分）、五味子（九粒）、紫菀茸、贝母（各六分）、桔梗、甘草（各五分）、生地黄、淡竹叶（各一钱），上加生姜、大枣，水煎服。凉膈散泻除三焦六经诸火。加黄连，名为清心汤。大黄、朴硝、甘草（各一钱）、连翘（一钱五分）、栀子、黄芩、薄荷（各五分），以上用水一盏半煎煮，加入蜂蜜一匙，调和均匀服用。三补丸泻除三焦火，使元气安宁，因此得名。加大黄去掉黄连，名为三黄丸。黄芩、黄柏、黄连，共研为末，滴水泛丸服用（加栀子，名为金花丸。每百丸用茶送下）。生姜泻肠汤治疗太阳经实热，腹胀不通，口舌生疮。生姜、橘皮、竹茹（各五分）、生地黄（钱半）、白术、茯苓、黄芩、栀子（各一钱）、朴硝（二钱）、桂心（五分），上加枣一枚，水煎服。黄连解毒汤治疗三焦实火，五脏积热，内外火炽盛，口疮烦渴，小便赤黄。黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子、柴胡、芍药、连翘（等分），上加灯心草二十枝，水煎服。减去黄柏、柴胡、芍药、连翘，其余各二两，加黑丑（研为末）、滑石（水飞，各四两），共研为末，水泛丸如梧桐子大，每次服用五十丸，白开水送下。治疗各经火邪，热毒疮疡、肠痈肿，筋脉拘挛，咬牙，惊悸，淋浊，痔漏。简便方：清火。侧柏叶泡汤饮用，或者吃荠菜、芹菜，焯水食用都能去热。又一方：频繁食用西红柿，对治疗火热病证大有裨益。粪清能大解热毒。又一方：童便因为出自二阴窍道，所以性寒治火，然而其源头来自太阳经，不伤胃气。古人还说便溺以及乳汁，人有七情之火，特别选取驴、马、牛、羊的尿液。
The *Classic of Medicine* states: All pain, itching, sores, and ulcers belong to the Heart. All cases of mouth closure, shivering, resembling a loss of spiritual control; all cases of rebellious Qi rushing upward; all cases of restlessness, mania, and transgression of normal limits, belong to Fire. All cases of abdominal distension and enlargement; all diseases with sounds, drum-like upon percussion; all diseases with swelling, painful soreness, fright, and alarm; all cases of torsion, opisthotonos, and turbid urine; all cases of vomiting acid fluids, sudden diarrhea with tenesmus; all belong to Heat. It also says: All fevers causing mental confusion (*mao*), sudden aphonia, dizziness, and blackout; restlessness, agitation, mania, cursing, fright, and alarm; sneezing, vomiting, throat obstruction (*bi*), tinnitus, and deafness; vomiting and overflow, inability to eat; blurred vision; sudden diarrhea; sudden illness and sudden death, all belong to Fire. Furthermore, there are five types of fire: excessive joy stirs up Heart Fire, anger stirs up Liver Fire, overthinking stirs up Spleen Fire, sorrow stirs up Lung Fire, and fear stirs up Kidney Fire. Combined with Ministerial Fire (Ministerial Fire) and Sovereign Fire (Sovereign Fire), these seven fires burn increasingly fierce. How can the single drop of water in the Left Kidney (Kidney Yin) withstand them? When Fire pathogen scorches and burns, it consumes Yuan Qi (Primal Qi) and boils down True Yin. Once Yin Blood is deficient, Yang Fire becomes even more vigorous, body fluids dry up, and various heat-fire syndromes arise. The key to treating Fire: for mild cases, use cool herbs to clear and resolve; for severe cases, use bitter-cold herbs to directly subdue; for extreme cases, use warm herbs to treat from the opposite side (processed with wine or ginger, or adding small amounts of Ginger or Cinnamon Twig as guides for cold herbs). If these three methods fail, one should nourish the Kidney and tonify Blood. This follows the principle of "strengthening the master of Water to control Sunlight" (Nourishing Kidney Yin to restrain hyperactive Yang Fire). The Classic says: "Benefit the source of Fire to eliminate shadowy Yin; strengthen the master of Water to control Solar Yang." A pulse that is empty and floating indicates Deficient Fire, suitable for tonification; a pulse that is surging and large indicates Excess Fire, suitable for purgation. Depending on which position (Cun, Guan, Chi) the pulse appears, apply tonification or sedation to the corresponding primary meridian. A pulse that is fine, choppy, rapid, and frequent indicates Yin deficiency with Fire stirring, suitable for nourishment and support. For obese individuals with Fire, clear Phlegm concurrently; for thin individuals with Fire, nourish Blood concurrently. When extreme heat generates Wind, use Fangfeng Tongsheng San (see Stroke chapter) as the main formula. Main Formula (for Treating Excess Fire): Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) in equal parts. Decoct in water and take hot. For Heart and Small Intestine Fire, double the Huanglian and add Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Danzhuyeqian (Lophatheri Herba); for Liver Fire, add Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba); for Gallbladder Fire, add Longdancao (Gentianae Radix); for Spleen Fire, double Zhizi and add Huashi (Talcum), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Baishao, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus); for Stomach Fire, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); for Lung Fire, double Kuhuangqin (aged Scutellariae Radix) and add Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao; for Large Intestine Fire, use Tiaohuangqin (striped Scutellariae Radix) and Zhike. For Kidney and Bladder Fire, use Huangbai and Zhimu (Stir-fried with salt water, also clears bone-steaming fever). Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) disperses constrained Fire and clears guest-heat in all meridians. Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) removes floating Fire in the Upper Jiao and eliminates rootless, unanchored Fire, especially capable of nourishing Water to control Fire. Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) clears constrained Fire in the Five Zang organs and cools Lung and Liver Fire. Renzhongbai (Calcinata Urinae Hominis) clears Liver Fire and treats consumption-fever. Gancao moderates urgent Fire. Renzhonghuang (Carbonized Human Feces) clears Yin Fire and manages high fever in Cold Damage and epidemics. Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) dispels Wind-Fire in the Upper Jiao. Zhizi removes constrained Fire in the Three Jiao, excreted via urination. Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) purge surplus Excess Fire. Adding a small amount of wine-processed Dahuang temporarily to purgative formulas for Excess Fire yields rapid results. Buzhong Yiqi Tang is most effective for Deficient Fire (see Deficiency chapter). Yi Yuan San contributes to clearing Excess Fire (see Summerheat chapter). Shengyang Sanhuo Tang treats men and women whose limbs, bones, tendons, muscles, and skin feel hot as fire, burning to the touch. This is due to Blood deficiency or Stomach deficiency, where consumption of raw/cold foods constrains Yang Qi within the Spleen Earth. Constrained Fire should be dispersed. Shengma ( Cimicifugae Rhizoma ), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Baishao, Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (each 6 fen); Chaihu, Fangfeng (each 3 fen); Gancao (2 fen). Add 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct in water, and take hot. Ziyin Jianghuo Tang treats Yin deficiency with Blood scarcity, where Yang Fire moves recklessly, presenting as bone-steaming syndromes. Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix - Raw cools blood, Prepared nourishes blood), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (2 qian), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix) (2 qian), Baishao, Gancao (stir-fried), Baizhu (Atractodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huangbai (Honey-stir-fried), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (each 7 fen). Add Shengjiang and Dengxincao (Junci Medulla), decoct in water and take. For Qi deficiency, add Renshen and Huangqi (Astragali Radix); for cough, add Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini); for Phlegm, add Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) and Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus); for hematemesis, add Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Oujie (Nelumbinis Nucleus), Jiaojingjie (Stir-fried Schizonepetae Spica), Jiaopuhuang (Stir-fried Typhae Pollen); for bone-steaming fever, add Digupi, and in severe cases, Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Huhuanglian (Coicis Semen), Yinchaehu (Bupleuri Radix for Fever). For intense Fire, use cool herbs with slight warming dispersants. Maimendong Tang treats post-illness Fire invading the Lung, causing coughing with blood, chest and hypochondriac fullness, upper asthma and urgency, five-palm heat, thirst, and irritability. Maimendong (7 fen), Tiandong (7 fen), Sangbaipi (7 fen), Wuweizi (9 grains), Ziwanrong (Asteris Radix), Beimu (each 6 fen), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (each 5 fen), Shengdihuang, Danzhuyeqian (each 1 qian). Add Shengjiang and Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus), decoct in water and take. Liangge San clears Fire in the Three Jiao and Six Meridians. Adding Huanglian makes it Qingxin Tang. Dahuang, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Gancao (each 1 qian), Lianqiao (1.5 qian), Zhizi, Huangqin, Bohe (each 5 fen). Decoct in 1.5 cups of water, add one spoonful of honey, mix well, and take. Sanbu Wan clears Fire in the Three Jiao, allowing Yuan Qi to rest, hence the name. Adding Dahuang and removing Huanglian makes it Sanhuang Wan. Huangqin, Huangbai, Huanglian. Grind into powder, make pills with dripping water (adding Zhizi makes it Jinhua Wan. Take 100 pills with tea). Shengjiang Xiexiang Tang treats Taiyang Excess Heat, abdominal distension with blockage, and mouth/tongue ulcers. Shengjiang, Ju pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), Shengdihuang (1.5 qian), Baizhu, Fuling (Poria), Huangqin, Zhizi (each 1 qian), Puxiao (2 qian), Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex) (5 fen). Add one Jujube, decoct in water and take. Huanglian Jiedu Tang treats Excess Fire in the Three Jiao, accumulated Heat in the Five Zang, internal and external blazing Fire, mouth ulcers, irritability, thirst, and red urine. Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbai, Zhizi, Chaihu, Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Lianqiao (equal parts). Add 20 stalks of Dengxincao, decoct in water and take. Remove Huangbai, Chaihu, Shaoyao, Lianqiao; keep the rest at 2 liang each. Add Heiqiu (Strychni Semen, powdered) and Huashi (water-ground, each 4 liang). Grind into powder, make pills with water like wu-tong seeds. Take 50 pills per dose with warm water. Treats Fire pathogen in all meridians, heat-toxic sores, intestinal abscesses, tendon/muscle spasms, teeth grinding, palpitations, stranguria, hemorrhoids/fistulas. Simple Prescriptions for Clearing Fire: Soak Ce Baiye (Platycladi Cacumen) in water and drink, or eat Shepherd's Purse (Qucain) or Celery (Qinc), blanched, to remove heat. Another prescription: Frequently eat Xiyanghong (Tomato/Solanum lycopersicum), greatly beneficial for Fire diseases. Fenqing (Urine sediment) greatly resolves heat toxicity. Another prescription: Tongbian (Child's urine) is cold in nature and treats Fire because it exits from the two yin orifices, yet its source comes from the Taiyang Meridian, so it does not damage Stomach Qi. Ancients also stated that urine/feces and milk relate to the Fire of Seven Emotions; specifically, they selected urine from donkeys, horses, cattle, and sheep.