（灵枢邪客篇）
黄帝问于伯高曰∶愿闻人之肢节以应天地奈何？（四肢骨节也。）伯高答曰∶天圆地方，人头圆足方以应之。圆者径
一围三，阳奇之数；方者径一围四，阴偶之数。人首属阳居上，故圆而应天；人足属阴居下，故方而应地。）天有日月，
人有两目。（天有日月而照临万方，人有眼目而明见万象。）地有九州，人有九窍。（九州者，荆梁雍豫徐扬青兖冀也。九
窍者，上有七窍、下有二阴。清阳出上窍，而有阳中之阴阳；浊阴出下窍，而有阴中之清浊。）天有风雨，人有喜怒。（和
风甘雨天之喜，摧拉霖溃天之怒。）天有雷电，人有音声。（阴阳相搏，天地发为雷电；情志所见，人物发为音声。）天有
四时，人有四肢。（四肢者，两手两足也。）天有五音，人有五脏。（五音者，宫商角征羽。五脏者，心肺脾肝肾。）天有
六律，人有六腑。（六律者，黄钟太簇姑洗蕤宾夷则无射为六阳律，大吕夹钟仲吕林钟南吕应钟为六阴律。六腑者，胃胆
大肠小肠三焦膀胱也。）天有冬夏，人有寒热。（寒应冬，热应夏也。）天有十日，人有手十指。（十日者，甲乙丙丁戊己
庚辛壬癸，是谓天干，故应人之手指。）辰有十二，人有足十指茎垂以应之，女子不足二节，以抱人形。（十二辰者，子
丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥，是谓地支，故应人之足趾，足趾惟十，并茎垂为十二。茎者，宗筋也。垂者，睾丸也。女子
少此二节，故能以抱人形。抱者，怀胎之义，如西北称伏鸡为抱者是也。睾音高。）天有阴阳，人有夫妻。天为阳，地为
阴，夫为阳，妻为阴，故曰夫乃妇之天。）岁有三百六十五日，人有三百六十节。（节，骨节也。）地有高山，人有肩膝。
（肩膝骨大而高，故以应山。）地有深谷，人有腋 。（腋 深陷，故以应谷。 音国。）地有十二经水，人有十二经脉。
（详见经络类三十二。）地有泉脉，人有卫气。（泉脉出于地下，卫气行于肉中。地有草 ，人有毫毛。（ 荚，瑞草也，
尧时生于庭，随月凋荣，朔后一日荚生，望后一日荚落。历得其分度，则 荚生。）天有昼夜，人有卧起。（昼为阳，人
应阳而动；夜为阴，人应阴而静。）天有列星，人有牙齿。（齿牙疏朗，故象似列星。说文云∶牙，牡齿也。一曰锐者为
牙，齐者为齿。上古天真论以女子三七，男子三八，则真牙生而长极，是以后生之大者为牙也。女子七岁，男子八岁，
齿更，是以前生之小者为齿也。故男子八月生齿，八岁而龀；女子七月生齿，七岁而龀。龀，毁齿也。龀，抄近切。）地
有小山，人有小节。（小节者，小骨指节之类。）地有山石，人有高骨。（高骨者，颧肩膝踝之类。）地有林木，人有募筋。
（募者。筋脉聚蓄之处。募音暮。）地有聚邑，人有 肉。（ 肉者，脂肉之聚处也。 ，劬允切。）岁有十二月，人有十
二节。（四肢各三节，是为十二节。）地有四时不生草，人有无子。（地有不毛之地，人有不育之人。）此人与天地相应者
也。（人身小天地即此之谓。）
（《灵枢·邪客》篇）
黄帝向伯高问道：我想了解人的肢体关节是如何对应天地的，为什么呢？（这里的肢节指的是四肢的骨骼和关节。）伯高回答说：天圆地方，人的头是圆的、脚是方的，以此来对应天地。圆的周长与直径之比是一比三，这是阳数的奇数特征；方的周长与边长之比是一比四，这是阴数的偶数特征。人的头部属阳且位于上方，所以是圆的以对应天；人的足部属阴且位于下方，所以是方的以对应地。天上有太阳和月亮，人有两只眼睛。（天有日月照耀四方，人有眼目能看清万物景象。）大地有九州，人有九窍。（所谓的九州，是指荆州、梁州、雍州、豫州、徐州、扬州、青州、兖州、冀州这九个州。九窍是指上面七个孔窍、下面两个排泄口。清阳之气出于上窍，其中有阳中之阴和阳中之阳；浊阴之气出于下窍，其中有阴中之清和阴中之浊。）天有风雨，人有喜怒。（和风甘雨是天的高兴表现，狂风暴雨摧残万物是天发怒的表现。）天有雷电，人有声音。（阴阳二气相互搏击，天地之间产生雷电；情志显露于外，人和物发出声音。）天有春夏秋冬四季，人有四肢。（四肢就是两手两脚。）天有五音，人有五脏。（五音是指宫、商、角、徵、羽。五脏是指心、肺、脾、肝、肾。）天有六律，人有六腑。（六律包括黄钟、太簇、姑洗、蕤宾、夷则、无射这六个阳律，以及大吕、夹钟、仲吕、林钟、南吕、应钟这六个阴律。六腑是指胃、胆、大肠、小肠、三焦、膀胱。）天有冬夏，人有寒热。（寒对应冬天，热对应夏天。）天有十天干，人有手十指。（十天干是指甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸，称为天干，所以对应人的手指。）地支有十二个，人有足十指加上阴茎和睾丸来对应它，女子缺少这两节，用来怀抱胎儿以成人体形态。（十二地支是指子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥，称为地支，所以对应人的足趾。足趾只有十个，加上阴茎和睾丸共十二个。阴茎是宗筋所在。睾丸是垂下的部分。女子缺少这两个部位，所以能够怀胎孕育生命。“抱”的意思是怀胎，就像西北地区称母鸡孵蛋为“抱”一样。睾读音同“高”。）天有阴阳，人有夫妻。天为阳，地为阴，夫为阳，妻为阴，所以说丈夫是妻子的天。一年有三百六十五天，人有三百六十个骨节。（节，指的是骨节。）大地有高山，人有肩膀和膝盖。（肩部和膝部的骨头大而高，所以用来对应山。）大地有深谷，人有腋窝。（腋窝深陷，所以用来对应山谷。 音同“国”。）大地有十二条河流，人有十二条经脉。（详见经络类第三十二篇。）大地有地下泉水脉络，人有卫气。（地下泉水脉流出于地下，卫气运行在肌肉之中。大地有瑞草，人有毫毛。（荚是一种瑞草，尧帝时期生长在庭院中，随着月亮盈亏而凋谢或繁荣，初一过后一天荚生出，十五过后一天荚落下。历法符合这种规律，荚就会生长。）天有白天黑夜，人有睡醒活动。（白天属阳，人顺应阳而动；夜晚属阴，人顺应阴而静。）天有群星，人有牙齿。（牙齿疏朗整齐，所以像排列的星星。《说文解字》说：牙，是牡齿。另一种说法是尖锐的叫牙，整齐的叫做齿。《上古天真论》中说女子七岁乘以三、男子八岁乘以三时，真牙长出且身体发育到极点，所以后来长出的大牙叫牙。女子七岁、男子八岁时换牙，所以之前长的小牙叫齿。因此男子八个月时长牙，八岁换牙；女子七个月时长牙，七岁换牙。龀，是指换牙脱落。龀，读音为抄近切。）大地有小山包，人有小骨节。（小节指的是小骨、指节之类。）大地有高石，人有高突的骨头。（高骨指的是颧骨、肩骨、膝骨、踝骨之类。）大地有树林，人有经筋汇聚之处。（募，是经脉气血聚蓄的地方。募读音同“暮”。）大地有聚集的城邑，人有脂肪肌肉聚集之处。（脂肉者，是脂肪肌肉聚集的地方。 读音为劬允切。）一年有十二月，人有十二个大关节。（四肢各有三个大关节，合起来是十二个关节。）大地有四季不长草的地方，人有不能生育的人。（大地有不毛之地，人有不育之人。）这就是人与天地相应的道理。（人身这个小天地就是指这个意思。）
(Lingshu, Chapter "Xieke")
The Yellow Emperor asked Bo Gao: I wish to hear how the limbs and joints of humans correspond to Heaven and Earth. (Here, "limbs and joints" refers to the bones and joints of the four extremities.) Bo Gao replied: Heaven is round and Earth is square; the human head is round and the feet are square, thereby corresponding to Heaven and Earth. The circumference of a circle is three times its diameter, which represents the odd number of Yang; the perimeter of a square is four times its side length, which represents the even number of Yin. The human head belongs to Yang and resides above, thus it is round to correspond to Heaven; the human feet belong to Yin and reside below, thus they are square to correspond to Earth. Heaven has the Sun and Moon, humans have two eyes. (Heaven has the Sun and Moon to illuminate all directions, while humans have eyes to see all phenomena clearly.) Earth has the Nine Provinces, humans have nine orifices. (The Nine Provinces refer to Jing, Liang, Yong, Yu, Xu, Yang, Qing, Yan, and Ji. The nine orifices consist of seven openings above and two excretory outlets below. Clear Yang Qi emerges from the upper orifices, containing Yin within Yang and Yang within Yang; turbid Yin Qi emerges from the lower orifices, containing clear aspects within Yin and turbid aspects within Yin.) Heaven has wind and rain, humans have joy and anger. (Gentle winds and sweet rains are Heaven's joy; destructive storms and floods are Heaven's anger.) Heaven has thunder and lightning, humans have voice and sound. (When Yin and Yang Qi clash, Heaven produces thunder and lightning; when emotions manifest outwardly, humans and objects produce sounds.) Heaven has the Four Seasons, humans have four limbs. (The four limbs are the two hands and two feet.) Heaven has the Five Tones, humans have the Zang organs. (The five tones are Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, and Yu. The zang organs are Heart, Lung, Spleen, Liver, and Kidney.) Heaven has the Six Lüs (pitch pipes), humans have the Fu organs. (The six Lüs include the six Yang Lüs: Huangzhong, Taicu, Guxian, Ruibin, Yize, and Wuyi; and the six Yin Lüs: Dailü, Jiazhong, Zhonglü, Linzhong, Nanlü, and Yingzhong. The fu organs are Stomach, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Sanjiao (Triple Burner), and Bladder.) Heaven has Winter and Summer, humans have Cold and Heat. (Cold corresponds to Winter, Heat corresponds to Summer.) Heaven has the Ten Heavenly Stems, humans have ten fingers on the hands. (The ten Heavenly Stems are Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, and Gui, hence they correspond to the human fingers.) There are twelve Earthly Branches, and humans correspond with the ten toes plus the penis and scrotum; women lack these two segments, allowing them to embrace and bear children in human form. (The twelve Earthly Branches are Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai, hence they correspond to the human toes. Since there are only ten toes, adding the penis and scrotum makes twelve. The penis is the site of the Zongjin (converging sinews). The scrotum contains the testicles. Women lack these two parts, thus enabling them to conceive and carry pregnancy. "Embrace" here means carrying a fetus, similar to how hens incubating eggs are referred to as "embracing" in the northwest. Testis is pronounced "gao".) Heaven has Yin and Yang, humans have husband and wife. Heaven is Yang, Earth is Yin; husband is Yang, wife is Yin, therefore it is said that the husband is the heaven for the wife. A year has 365 days, and humans have 360 bone joints. ("Joint" refers to bone joints.) Earth has high mountains, humans have shoulders and knees. (Shoulders and knees have large, elevated bones, thus corresponding to mountains.) Earth has deep valleys, humans have axillae (armpits). (Axillae are deeply sunken, thus corresponding to valleys. Pronounced "guo".) Earth has twelve major rivers, humans have twelve main meridians. (See Meridian and Collateral Class, Chapter 32 for details.) Earth has underground spring veins, humans have Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). (Underground springs flow beneath the earth, while Wei Qi circulates within the muscles.) Earth has auspicious grass, humans have fine body hair. (Jia is an auspicious grass that grew in the courtyard during Yao's time, withering and flourishing with the moon phases. One day after the new moon, the leaves sprout; one day after the full moon, they fall. If the calendar aligns with this measure, the grass grows.) Heaven has day and night, humans have waking and sleeping activities. (Day is Yang, and humans move in accordance with Yang; Night is Yin, and humans rest in accordance with Yin.) Heaven has rows of stars, humans have teeth. (Teeth are arranged neatly, resembling rows of stars. The Shuowen Jiezi states: "Ya" refers to molars. Another view says sharp teeth are "ya", while aligned teeth are "chi". The Shanggu Tianzhen Lun states that at age 21 for women (7x3) and 24 for men (8x3), the wisdom teeth grow and the body reaches maturity; hence, later-growing large teeth are called "ya". At age 7 for women and 8 for men, teeth change; hence, earlier-growing small teeth are called "chi". Thus, men begin growing teeth at 8 months and shed them at 8 years old; women begin growing teeth at 7 months and shed them at 7 years old. "Chen" refers to shedding baby teeth. Pronounced "chao jin qie".) Earth has small hills, humans have small bone joints. (Small joints refer to small bones and finger joints.) Earth has high rocks, humans have prominent bones. (Prominent bones refer to cheekbones, shoulder bones, knee bones, ankle bones, etc.) Earth has forests, humans have areas where tendons gather. ("Mu" refers to places where meridian Qi and blood gather. Pronounced "mu".) Earth has clustered towns, humans have areas where fat and muscle gather. (Areas of fat and muscle are where adipose tissue accumulates. Pronounced "qu yun qie".) A year has twelve months, humans have twelve major joints. (Each of the four limbs has three major joints, totaling twelve.) Earth has barren lands where no grass grows in certain seasons, humans have those who cannot reproduce. (Barren lands exist on Earth, and there are infertile people among humans.) This is how humans correspond to Heaven and Earth. (The concept that the human body is a microcosm of Heaven and Earth is precisely what this refers to.)