饮以养阳，食以养阴，饮食人所以卫生，而脾胃实生之本也。胃旺则多食不滞，过食不饥。脾运则分五
脏，荣润四肢。若生冷戕胃，饥饱戕脾，中气先馁，不宜专事消导。宜补中益气汤加茯苓、砂仁。夫中气即脾
胃冲和之元气也。然胃气以下行为顺，脾气以健运为能。胃强脾弱，则消谷而便溏；脾强胃弱，则知饥而
纳少。故胃阳虚，饱食辄嗳者，宜温通。如橘红、浓朴、益智、枳壳、半夏曲、草蔻、苏子、谷芽。若守
补则壅，忌炙草、焦白术、炮姜。脾阳虚，多食不化者，宜香燥。如砂仁、丁香、木香、白术、半夏、神曲、
薏苡、橘白、鸡内金，若腻补则滞，忌地黄、萸肉等。脾胃阴虚，不饥不食，口淡无味者，宜清润以养之。如
沙参、扁豆子、石斛、玉竹、当归、白芍、麻仁、粳米、大麦仁。若消导则耗气劫液，忌枳、朴、楂肉、
萝卜子、曲 。伤饮恶饮，伤食恶食，呕而腹满，为胃寒生痰，和胃二陈煎。食填太阴，腹闷绞痛，为木郁
食厥，急吐之。用阴阳水烧盐汤探吐，痛定后服藿香散。饮食留滞，脘痞腹胀者，为腑气不宣，消导之。大
和中
饮。饮冷吐利，脾元受困者，温其寒。理中汤，或温胃饮去黄 。食下气逆，哕呃噎膈者，开其郁。神香散加
橘皮、竹茹、半夏。食后动怒，胁满而痛者，平肝气。柴胡、枳壳、香附、青皮、山栀子、生白芍。饮酒伤中，
发热呕泻者，利其湿。葛花解酲汤。肝胃不和，脉弦脘痹者，泄木安土。木瓜、吴萸、白芍、金橘、益智、
良姜、红枣、小麦。脾肾两衰，虚寒滑脱者，温中补阳。四维散加肉蔻。但肾阳衰者，二神丸。凡嗜热酒者，
脘必瘀血，宜郁金、木香、丹参、当归、降真香。喜冷食者，症多中寒，宜八味理中丸。胃虚则呕悸动风，
宜牡蛎、白芍、茯神、人参、枣仁、炙草、阿胶。胃实则痞满内热，枳实消痞丸、生姜泻心汤。脾虚则食后
反饱，异功散去甘草，加砂仁、谷芽。脾瘅则口甜畏食，佩兰叶煎汤。胃上逆则导其浊滞，豆豉、枳实、
竹茹、栝蒌仁、橘皮、地栗粉、浓朴、甚则小承气汤。脾下陷则升其清阳，举元煎。湿伤脾胃，腹肿便难，
宜兼升降，则运化宣通。半夏、砂仁壳、茯苓、橘白、浓朴、枳实、草蔻、煨姜。若饮食不甘，口苦不寐，
胆热乘脾者，宜导痰泄热，则土郁舒。加味温胆汤去熟地，加丹皮、山栀、桑叶、生枣仁。食已吐酸，肝逆
犯胃者，宜降火泄浊，则木郁达。戊己丸加茯苓、山栀。胁痞者，黄连泻心汤。其饮食减少，有脾胃虚热，安
胃饮；有中气虚寒，养中煎；有中寒虚痞，治中汤；有思虑伤脾，归脾汤；有脾湿水泻，加味平胃散，或胃苓
汤；有胃气痛逆，调气平胃汤。不能食而瘦，多脾虚，宜山药、茯苓、白术、炙草、当归、白芍、人参、
鸡内金、砂仁、陈皮、莲子、黄米屑调服。善食而瘦，多胃火，泻黄散，或用太清饮去木通，加生地、白芍。
一切食滞成积，消食丸。凡旦昼阳盛，谷气易消，食可饱；暮则阴盛，谷气难化，食宜少。夏暑秋凉，晚餐
尤宜简泊，则脾不困胃不滞矣。
饮食中，饮品用于滋养阳气，食物用于滋养阴气，这是人类维持生命健康的方式，而脾胃则是化生元气的根本。胃气旺盛则能多食而不停滞，即使过量进食也不会感到饥饿。脾运化功能正常则能将水谷精微输布至五脏，并荣润四肢。如果生冷食物损伤胃气，饥饱无常损伤脾气，导致中气先衰，此时不宜专门使用消食导滞的方法治疗。应当使用补中益气汤加入茯苓、砂仁。所谓中气，就是脾胃冲和的元气。然而，胃气的生理特性是以下行为顺，脾气的功能是健运。如果胃强脾弱，就会出现消化快但大便溏稀的症状；如果脾强胃弱，就会知道饥饿但进食量少。因此，如果是胃阳虚，吃饱后经常打嗝的，适宜温通之法。如使用橘红、厚朴、益智仁、枳壳、半夏曲、草豆蔻、苏子、谷芽。如果采用守补（滋腻固守）的方法则会壅滞，应忌用炙甘草、焦白术、炮姜。如果是脾阳虚，多吃东西不消化的，适宜香燥之法。如使用砂仁、丁香、木香、白术、半夏、神曲、薏苡仁、橘白、鸡内金，如果采用腻补的方法则会阻滞，应忌用地黄、山茱萸等。如果是脾胃阴虚，表现为不想吃东西、口淡无味，适宜清润的方法来滋养。如使用沙参、扁豆、石斛、玉竹、当归、白芍、火麻仁、粳米、大麦仁。如果采用消导方法则会耗气伤津，应忌用枳实、厚朴、山楂肉、萝卜子、神曲。因饮冷而呕吐腹泻，因食积而厌恶进食，伴有呕吐且腹部胀满，这是胃寒生痰所致，宜用和胃二陈煎。食物填塞太阴脾经，导致腹部闷痛绞痛，这是肝木郁结导致的食厥，急需催吐。可用阴阳水加烧盐汤探喉催吐，疼痛缓解后服用藿香散。饮食停留滞留，导致胃脘痞塞腹胀的，这是腑气不通宣，宜用消导法。方用大和中饮。饮用冷水导致呕吐腹泻，脾元受困的，宜温散其寒邪。方用理中汤，或温胃饮去掉黄连。进食后气逆，出现呃逆、噎膈症状的，宜开郁散结。方用神香散加橘皮、竹茹、半夏。饭后发怒，胁肋胀满疼痛的，宜平抑肝气。方用柴胡、枳壳、香附、青皮、山栀子、生白芍。饮酒损伤中焦，出现发热、呕吐、腹泻的，宜利湿。方用葛花解酲汤。肝胃不和，脉弦、胃脘痹阻的，宜泄肝木以安脾土。方用木瓜、吴茱萸、白芍、金橘、益智仁、良姜、红枣、小麦。脾肾两衰，出现虚寒滑脱症状的，宜温中补阳。方用四维散加肉豆蔻。但如果仅是肾阳衰微的，用二神丸。凡是嗜好热酒的人，胃脘部必有瘀血，宜用郁金、木香、丹参、当归、降真香。喜欢冷食的人，病症多为中焦寒盛，宜用八味理中丸。胃虚则呕吐、心悸、动风，宜用牡蛎、白芍、茯神、人参、酸枣仁、炙甘草、阿胶。胃实则痞满、内热，宜用枳实消痞丸、生姜泻心汤。脾虚则饭后反而饱胀，宜用异功散去甘草，加砂仁、谷芽。脾瘅（脾热）则口甜、畏食，宜用佩兰叶煎汤。胃气上逆则疏导其浊滞，方用豆豉、枳实、竹茹、瓜蒌仁、橘皮、地栗粉、厚朴，严重时用小承气汤。脾气下陷则升举其清阳，方用举元煎。湿邪损伤脾胃，导致腹部肿胀、排便困难的，宜兼用升降之法，使运化宣通。方用半夏、砂仁壳、茯苓、橘白、厚朴、枳实、草豆蔻、煨姜。如果饮食不甘美，口苦、失眠，这是胆热乘袭脾土，宜导痰泄热，使土郁舒展。方用加味温胆汤去掉熟地黄，加牡丹皮、山栀子、桑叶、生酸枣仁。进食后吐酸水，这是肝气上逆犯胃，宜降火泄浊，使木郁通达。方用戊己丸加茯苓、山栀子。胁肋痞塞者，用黄连泻心汤。对于饮食减少的情况，有脾胃虚热的，用安胃饮；有中气虚寒的，用养中煎；有中寒虚痞的，用治中汤；有思虑伤脾的，用归脾汤；有脾湿水泻的，用加味平胃散，或胃苓汤；有胃气痛逆的，用调气平胃汤。不能进食且消瘦的，多是脾虚，宜用山药、茯苓、白术、炙甘草、当归、白芍、人参、鸡内金、砂仁、陈皮、莲子、黄米屑调服。善于进食却消瘦的，多是胃火，用泻黄散，或用太清饮去掉木通，加生地、白芍。一切食滞成积的，用消食丸。凡是白天阳气旺盛，谷气容易消化，可以吃饱；傍晚阴气盛，谷气难化，饮食宜少。夏季暑热、秋季凉爽时，晚餐尤其应该清淡简朴，这样脾就不会受困，胃就不会停滞了。
Drinks nourish Yang, and food nourishes Yin; diet is the means by which humans maintain health, with the Spleen and Stomach serving as the root of Qi production. When Stomach Qi is robust, one can eat more without stagnation, and even overeating does not lead to a lack of appetite. When the Spleen's transformation and transportation function is normal, it distributes essence to the Five Zang organs and nourishes the four limbs. If raw or cold foods injure the Stomach, or irregular eating habits injure the Spleen, causing the Middle Qi to weaken first, treatment should not focus solely on promoting digestion and removing stagnation. Instead, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Fuling (Poria) and Sharen (Amomi Fructus). The "Middle Qi" refers to the harmonious primordial Qi of the Spleen and Stomach. However, the physiological characteristic of Stomach Qi is to descend smoothly, while the function of Spleen Qi is vigorous transformation. If the Stomach is strong but the Spleen weak, there will be rapid digestion but loose stools; if the Spleen is strong but the Stomach weak, there will be hunger but poor intake. Therefore, for Stomach Yang deficiency manifesting as belching after full meals, warming and unblocking methods are suitable, such as using Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Grandis), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Yizhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Banxia Qu (Pinelliae Fermentum), Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), and Guya (Setariae Fructus Germinatus). One must avoid cloying tonification which causes stagnation, and thus prohibit Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jiao Baizhu (Charred Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Pao Jiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma). For Spleen Yang deficiency manifesting as inability to digest large amounts of food, aromatic-drying methods are suitable, such as using Sharen, Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Yiyi Ren (Coicis Semen), Ju Bai (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Album), and Ji Neijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum). Cloying tonification causes stagnation, so Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Yurou (Corni Fructus) are prohibited. For Spleen and Stomach Yin deficiency manifesting as anorexia and tastelessness, clearing and moistening methods are used to nourish, such as using Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Biandou (Dolichoris Semen), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Mahren (Semen Cannabis), Jingmi (Oryzae Sativa Grain), and Damai Ren (Hordei Fructus Germinatus). Digestive-promoting methods consume Qi and fluid, so Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Houpo, Zharon Rou (Crataegi Fructus), Luobozi (Raphani Semen), and Shenqu are prohibited. For vomiting and diarrhea caused by drinking cold liquids, or aversion to food due to food retention, accompanied by vomiting and abdominal fullness, this is Phlegm generated from Stomach Cold; use Hewei Erchen Jian (Harmonize the Stomach Erchen Decoction). When food fills the Taiyin channel causing abdominal stuffiness and colic, this is Food Syncope due to Liver Wood Stagnation; immediate emesis is required. Use salt water induced by Yin-Yang Water to provoke vomiting, followed by Huoxiang San (Agastache Powder) after pain subsides. For dietary retention causing epigastric stuffiness and abdominal distension, indicating obstruction of Fu Qi, digestive-promoting methods are used, such as Da Hezhong Yin (Greatly Harmonize the Middle Infusion). For vomiting and diarrhea from cold drinks with Spleen Yuan constrained, warm the Cold with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Wenwei Yin (Warm the Stomach Infusion) minus Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). For postprandial Qi rebellion with hiccups and dysphagia, open the depression with Shenxiang San (Aromatic Powder) plus Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), and Banxia. For anger after eating causing hypochondriac fullness and pain, calm the Liver Qi with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zhike, Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Shanzhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), and Sheng Baishao. For alcohol injury to the Middle causing fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, promote dampness drainage with Gehua Jiecheng Tang (Hovenia Decoction to Relieve Intoxication). For Liver-Stomach disharmony with wiry pulse and epigastric obstruction, drain Liver Wood to soothe Spleen Earth with Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Wuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Baishao, Jinju (Fortunellae Fructus), Yizhi Ren, Liangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma), Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus), and Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus). For dual decline of Spleen and Kidney with deficiency-Cold and slipping, warm the Middle and tonify Yang with Siwei San (Four Corner Powder) plus Roukou (Myristicae Semen). If only Kidney Yang declines, useershenshen Wan (Two Spirits Pill). Those fond of hot wine often have blood stasis in the epigastrium, treated with Yujin (Curcumae Radix), Muxiang, Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui, and Jiangzhenxiang (Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae). Those preferring cold food often have Middle Cold, treated with Bawei Lizhong Wan (Eight-Ingredient Regulate-the-Middle Pill). Stomach deficiency leads to vomiting, palpitations, and wind stirring, treated with Muli (Concha Ostreae), Baishao, Fushen (Poria cum Radix Pinelli), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Zhi Gancao, and Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini). Stomach excess leads to fullness and internal heat, treated with Zhishi Xiaopi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Eliminate Pi) or Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). Spleen deficiency leads to postprandial fullness, treated with Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder) minus Gancao, adding Sharen and Guya. Pi Dan (Spleen Heat) manifests as sweet taste and aversion to food, treated with Peilan Ye (Eupatorii Herba) decoction. Stomach Qi rebelling upward requires guiding turbid stagnation downward with Douchi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), Zhishi, Zhuru, Gualou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen), Chenpi, Dilifen (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Bulbus), Houpo, and Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) in severe cases. Spleen Qi sinking requires raising clear Yang with Juyuan Jian (Raise the Origin Infusion). Dampness injuring Spleen and Stomach causing abdominal swelling and difficult defecation requires simultaneous ascending and descending to restore transformation and communication, using Banxia, Sharen Qiao (Shell of Amomi Fructus), Fuling, Ju Bai, Houpo, Zhishi, Caodoukou, and Wei Jiang (Roasted Zingiberis Rhizoma). If food lacks flavor, with bitter taste and insomnia due to Gallbladder Heat invading the Spleen, guide phlegm and drain heat to舒 (soothe) Earth depression, using Jiawei Wendan Tang (Modified Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) minus Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), adding Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Sangye (Mori Folium), and Sheng Zaoren. Vomiting acid after eating indicates Liver Qi rebelling against the Stomach; lower Fire and drain turbidity to reach Liver Wood depression, using Wuji Wan (Wu-Ji Pill) plus Fuling and Shanzhi. Hypochondriac stuffiness is treated with Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Coptis Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). For reduced appetite: Spleen-Stomach deficiency-heat uses Anwei Yin (Peace the Stomach Infusion); Middle Qi deficiency-cold uses Yangzhong Jian (Nourish the Middle Infusion); Cold deficiency-pi uses Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); worry injuring Spleen uses Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction); Spleen dampness-water diarrhea uses Jiawei Pingwei San (Modified Level the Stomach Powder) or Weiling Tang (Stomach-Ling Decoction); Stomach Qi pain-rebellion uses Tiaoqi Pingwei Tang (Regulate Qi Level the Stomach Decoction). Inability to eat with emaciation indicates Spleen deficiency, treated with Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling, Baizhu, Zhi Gancao, Danggui, Baishao, Renshen, Ji Neijin, Sharen, Chenpi, Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), and Huangmixie (Yellow Millet Husk) mixed and taken. Eating well yet emaciated indicates Stomach Fire, treated with Xiehuang San (Drain Yellow Powder) or Taiqing Yin (Supreme Clarity Infusion) minus Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) plus Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) and Baishao. All food retention forming masses are treated with Xiaoshi Wan (Digest Food Pill). Generally, during the day when Yang is abundant, grain Qi digests easily, allowing full meals; at night when Yin is abundant, grain Qi is hard to transform, so food intake should be less. In summer heat and autumn coolness, dinner should especially be light and plain, so the Spleen is not constrained and the Stomach does not stagnate.