咳者，咳嗽也。本篇止以咳名而不言嗽，然嗽之意，已具篇中，盖省文也。后人以咳而有痰谓之嗽，嗽而
无痰谓之咳，是咳与嗽有别也。又有所谓咳逆者，因气上逆而后咳，且咳则气无不逆也。然咳之为病，其证甚
多，世每尽以属之肺，岂知五脏六腑皆能致咳，故篇中特详言之。要而论之，致咳之始，虽有五脏六腑之不同，
及其既咳也，则无不喘呼气逆，是肺又为诸咳之总司，肺主诸气，宜乎世尽以之属肺也。
黄帝问曰∶肺之令人咳，何也？岐伯对曰∶五脏六腑皆令人咳，非独肺也。帝曰∶愿闻其状。岐伯曰∶皮
毛者，肺之合也。皮毛先受邪气，邪气以从其
合也。（邪谓寒气。按∶从其合，谓入于肺经也，此言肺之受寒于外也。）其寒饮食入胃，从肺脉上至于肺则
肺寒，肺寒则外内合，邪因而客之，则为肺咳。（肺之脉起于中焦，下络大肠，还循胃口，上膈属肺，故云从肺
脉上至于肺也。按∶此又言肺既受寒于外，而又受寒于内，内外合寒，所以咳也。）五脏各以其时受病，非其时
各传以与之。（……时谓王月也。按∶王不受邪，五脏之常也。五脏不虚则己，虚则应王不王，邪乘虚入，是
五脏之受病，反在应王之时，故云各以其时受病也。然此五脏之受寒邪也，非即始于五脏也，盖由寒入皮毛，
由皮毛入于肺，肺受之而后乘各脏之虚以传之也。今试以肝经一脏言之，肝者木也，如木王于春，春其时也。
肺即受寒，咳止于肺，何能传肝？唯肝素有病，其经已虚，虽当春令，应王不王，于是寒邪之由皮毛入肺者，
遂传之于肝。是肝之受传于肺者，正以其应王之时而失其王，故又云非其时各传以与之也。各，指肝心脾肾等。
传，谓肺受寒邪而传脏腑也。此言五脏之咳，皆由肺传，以其应王不王故也。以前三段，分别如此，注俱蒙混
不确。）肺先受邪，乘春则肝先受之，乘夏则心先受之，乘至阴则脾先受之，乘冬则肾先受之。（按∶此正分
疏五脏各以其时受病也。原本肺先受邪前，有“乘秋则”三字。新校正云∶“按全元起本及太素无乘秋则三
字，王本误多。”是也，今从删之。盖咳之为病，必始于皮毛，由皮毛入肺，故云肺先受邪，随感随受，不独
秋也。乘者窥伺之意，邪之乘虚为病，亦犹盗之伺隙害人。乘春等义，已见于前。肝心脾肾亦言先受者，脏病
不愈，将移于腑也。脾王于长夏，不言长夏而言至阴，至阴者脾所居，脾不主时故也。）
帝曰∶何以异之？岐伯曰∶肺咳之状，咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血。（肺藏气而应息，故咳则喘息而喉中有
声。按∶甚则唾血者，气逆不已则血动，血随气而动也。）心咳之状，咳则心痛，喉仲介介如梗状，甚则咽肿
喉痹。（手心主脉，起
于胸中，出属心包。少阴之脉，起于心中，出属心系。其支别者，从心系上挟咽喉。故病如是。）肝咳之状，
咳则两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两 下满。（足厥阴脉，上贯膈，布胁肋，循喉咙之后。故如是。 亦胁
也。）脾咳之状，咳则右胁下痛，阴阴引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳剧。（脾气连肺，故痛引肩背也。按∶
右者肺治之部，肺主气，脾者气之母，脾病则及于肺，故令右胁下痛。肩背者，肺所主也。动则气愈逆，故咳
剧。注云脾主右，误矣。）肾咳之状，咳则腰背相引而痛，甚则咳涎。足少阴脉，上股内后廉，贯脊，属肾，络
膀胱。其直行者，从肾上贯肝膈，入肺中，循喉咙，挟舌本。又膀胱脉，从肩 内，别下挟脊抵腰中，入循膂，
络肾。故病如是。（按∶肾主五液，化为五湿，入脾为涎，咳久则肾虚水泛，脾不受湿，反归于肾，故咳涎也。）
帝曰∶六腑之咳奈何？安所受病？岐伯曰∶五脏之久咳，乃移于六腑。（按∶脏腑本相配，病久则传变，
日远日多，愈久愈重。移者，蔓延之意，言脏病移及于腑也。）脾咳不已，则胃受之，胃咳之状，咳而呕，呕
甚则长虫出。（胃寒则呕，呕甚则肠气逆上，故蛔出。）肝咳不已，则胆受之，胆咳之状，咳呕胆汁。（按∶
肝胆，木也。木喜融和。得寒则气郁，郁极则呕吐。胆汁者，苦水也。）肺咳不已，则大肠受之，大肠咳状，
咳而遗失。（按∶大肠者，肺之合。肺主气，咳久则气虚而不能摄，故下脱而令二便遗失也。甲乙经作遗矢，
是单指大便，偏矣，不若王本遗失为确。）心咳不已，则小肠受之，小肠咳状，咳而失气，气与咳俱失。（按∶
小肠为心之腑，亦火也。火盛气热，则闭涩而便溺不通；寒盛气衰，则滑泄而水火不禁。今心受寒而传之腑，
寒为水气，火得水而灭矣，故失气也。失气者，气消散也。气与咳俱失者，气既消散，即欲咳嗽而不能出声。
所以然者，咳久气散，乏竭而不
能接续故也。）肾咳不已，则膀胱受之，膀胱咳状，咳而遗溺。（按∶膀胱主藏津液，咳久气虚，津不能藏，
故寒气下流而遗溺也。）久咳不已，则三焦受之，三焦咳状，咳而腹满不欲食饮。此皆聚于胃关于肺，使人多
涕唾而面浮肿气逆也。（按∶此总论久咳之为害也，咳久则病不止于一脏一腑而无所不病矣，故久咳不已，则
三焦受之。三焦者，复帱上下，囊括一身。以气为用者也。所以咳在三焦，则气壅闭而不行，故令腹满而不思
饮食。肺属上焦，胃属中焦，聚者壅也，关者闭也，言气壅闭于肺胃也。然气之所以壅闭于中上二焦者，正以
咳久气衰而不能下注于下焦，下不得泄，故壅闭于肺胃，而使涕唾面浮气逆于上，此又岐伯申解腹满之意也。
注乃谓病止于上中二焦，陋矣。）帝曰∶治之奈何？岐伯曰∶治脏者治其俞，治腑者治其合，浮肿者治其经。
帝曰∶善！（按∶灵枢经曰∶“脉之所注为俞，所行为经，所入为合也。”）
咳嗽，就是咳嗽的症状。本篇只以“咳”命名而没有单独提及“嗽”，然而“嗽”的含义已经包含在篇中内容里了，这是省略了文字的表达方式。后人认为咳嗽有痰称为“嗽”，没有痰称为“咳”，以此区分咳与嗽的不同。又有所谓“咳逆”的，是因为气机上逆而后引发咳嗽，而且一旦咳嗽，气机没有不逆乱的。然而咳嗽这种病症，症状非常多，世人往往全部将其归属于肺，哪里知道五脏六腑都能导致咳嗽，所以本篇中特别详细地论述了这一点。总而言之，导致咳嗽的起因，虽然五脏六腑有所不同，但等到已经发生咳嗽时，无不出现喘息、呼气上逆的症状，因此肺又是各种咳嗽的总主管，肺主司全身之气，世人习惯将所有咳嗽都归属于肺，这也是理所当然的。
黄帝问道：肺为什么会让人咳嗽？岐伯回答说：五脏六腑都能让人咳嗽，不仅仅是肺。黄帝说：我想听听它的病状表现。岐伯说：皮毛是肺的外合（体表组织）。皮毛先受到邪气侵袭，邪气便顺着其外合关系内传入肺。（这里的邪指寒气。按语：顺着其外合关系，是指进入肺经，这里说的是肺从外部受寒。）如果寒冷的饮食进入胃中，顺着肺脉上行至肺，则肺受寒，肺寒则外部寒气与内部寒气相合，邪气因而客居于肺，就形成肺咳。（肺的经脉起于中焦，向下联络大肠，回绕经过胃的上口，向上穿过膈肌，属于肺，所以说顺着肺脉上行至肺。按语：这又说明肺既从外部受寒，又从内部受寒，内外寒气相合，所以导致咳嗽。）五脏各自在其当令的月份受病，如果不是当令的月份，则是其他脏腑传变给它们。（……当令的月份指五行旺相之月。按语：当令之时不受邪气，是五脏的正常规律。五脏不虚损则已，若虚损则应在当令之时却未能当令，邪气乘虚而入，这就是五脏受病反而发生在应当当令的时候，所以说各自在其当令之时受病。然而这五脏受寒邪，并非直接始于五脏，大概是由寒邪侵入皮毛，由皮毛进入肺，肺受邪后然后乘各脏虚弱而传给它。现在试着以肝经这一脏来说明，肝属木，如木旺于春季，春季是其当令之时。肺既然受了寒邪，咳嗽仅止于肺，怎么能传给肝呢？唯有肝素来有病，其经脉已经虚弱，虽然正值春令，应当当令却未当令，于是由皮毛入肺的寒邪，便传给了肝。这是肝之所以从肺接受传变，正是因为它在应当当令的时候失去了当令的状态，所以又说如果不是当令的月份则各自传变给它们。各，指肝、心、脾、肾等。传，谓肺受寒邪而传给脏腑。这说明五脏的咳嗽，都是由肺传变的，因为它们应当当令却未当令的缘故。以上三段分别如此解释，之前的注解说得含糊不准确。）肺先受邪气，遇到春季则肝先受之，遇到夏季则心先受之，遇到长夏（至阴）则脾先受之，遇到冬季则肾先受之。（按语：这正是分条阐述五脏各自在其当令之时受病的道理。原本在“肺先受邪”前有“乘秋则”三个字。新校正说：“按全元起本及《太素》中没有‘乘秋则’这三个字，王冰本错误地多出了。”这是正确的，现在予以删除。因为咳嗽这种病，必定始于皮毛，由皮毛进入肺，所以说肺先受邪，随感随受，并不只在秋季。乘，是窥伺的意思，邪气乘虚致病，也如同盗贼伺隙害人。乘春等的含义，前面已经见到。肝、心、脾、肾也说先受，是因为脏病不愈，将要移传给腑。脾旺于长夏，不说长夏而说至阴，至阴是脾所居之地，因为脾不单独主一时令的缘故。）
黄帝说：如何区别它们呢？岐伯说：肺咳的症状，咳嗽且喘息有声，严重时唾血。（肺藏气而对应呼吸，所以咳嗽则喘息且喉中有声。按语：严重时唾血，是因为气逆不止则血动，血随着气而动。）心咳的症状，咳嗽则心痛，喉咙中间感觉像有异物梗塞一样，严重时咽喉肿痛、喉痹。（手厥阴心包经脉，起于胸中，出属心包。足少阴肾经脉，起于心中，出属心系。其分支，从心系上行挟持咽喉。所以病情如此。）肝咳的症状，咳嗽则两胁下疼痛，严重时身体不能转动，转动则两胁下胀满。（足厥阴肝经脉，向上穿过膈肌，分布于胁肋，循行于喉咙之后。所以病情如此。 亦指胁部。）脾咳的症状，咳嗽则右胁下疼痛，隐隐牵引肩背，严重时不能活动，活动则咳嗽加剧。（脾气连系于肺，所以疼痛牵引肩背。按语：右侧是肺所治的部位，肺主气，脾为气之母，脾病则波及于肺，所以导致右胁下痛。肩背是肺所主的部位。活动则气更逆乱，所以咳嗽加剧。注解说脾主右，是错误的。）肾咳的症状，咳嗽则腰背相互牵引而痛，严重时咳吐涎沫。足少阴肾经脉，上行大腿内侧后缘，贯穿脊柱，属于肾，联络膀胱。其直行者，从肾上行穿过肝膈，进入肺中，循行喉咙，挟持舌根。另外膀胱经脉，从肩胛内侧，别行向下挟脊抵腰中，进入循行于骶部，联络肾。所以病情如此。（按语：肾主五液，化为五湿，入脾成为涎，咳嗽久了则肾虚水泛，脾不能运化湿气，反归于肾，所以咳吐涎沫。）
黄帝说：六腑的咳嗽怎么样？是从哪里受病的？岐伯说：五脏的久咳，才会移传于六腑。（按语：脏腑本来相互配属，病久则发生传变，日子越远种类越多，越久越重。移，是蔓延的意思，说脏的病移及于腑。）脾咳不愈，则胃受之，胃咳的症状，咳嗽且呕吐，呕吐严重时蛔虫会出来。（胃寒则呕吐，呕吐严重则肠气逆上，所以蛔虫出。）肝咳不愈，则胆受之，胆咳的症状，咳嗽且呕出胆汁。（按语：肝胆属木。木性喜欢融和。得到寒邪则气机郁结，郁结到极点则呕吐。胆汁，是苦水。）肺咳不愈，则大肠受之，大肠咳的症状，咳嗽且大小便失禁。（按语：大肠是肺的外合。肺主气，咳嗽久了则气虚而不能固摄，所以下脱而导致二便失禁。《甲乙经》写作“遗矢”，是单指大便，偏颇了，不如王本的“遗失”准确。）心咳不愈，则小肠受之，小肠咳的症状，咳嗽且失气（放屁），气与咳嗽同时丧失。（按语：小肠是心的腑，也属火。火盛气热，则闭塞涩滞而小便不通；寒盛气衰，则滑泄而水火不禁。现在心受寒邪而传之于腑，寒为水气，火得水而被灭，所以失气。失气，是气消散的意思。气与咳嗽同时丧失，是因为气既已消散，即使想咳嗽也不能出声。之所以这样，是因为咳嗽久了气散，衰竭而不能接续的缘故。）肾咳不愈，则膀胱受之，膀胱咳的症状，咳嗽且遗尿。（按语：膀胱主藏津液，咳嗽久了气虚，津液不能固藏，所以寒气下流而遗尿。）久咳不愈，则三焦受之，三焦咳的症状，咳嗽且腹部胀满不想饮食。这都是病邪聚积于胃、关联于肺，使人多涕唾且面部浮肿、气机上逆。（按语：这是总论久咳的危害，咳嗽久了则病不仅仅局限于一脏一腑而是无所不病了，所以久咳不愈，则三焦受之。三焦，覆盖上下，囊括一身。是以气为用的。所以咳在三焦，则气壅闭而不运行，所以导致腹部胀满而不思饮食。肺属上焦，胃属中焦，聚是壅塞，关是闭阻，是说气壅闭于肺胃。然而气之所以壅闭于中上二焦，正是因为咳嗽久了气衰而不能下注于下焦，下不得排泄，所以壅闭于肺胃，而使涕唾、面浮、气逆于上，这又是岐伯进一步解释腹满的原因。注解说病只止于上中二焦，见识浅陋了。）黄帝说：怎么治疗呢？岐伯说：治疗脏的咳嗽治其俞穴，治疗腑的咳嗽治其合穴，有浮肿的治其经穴。黄帝说：好！（按语：《灵枢经》说：“脉气所注为俞，所行为经，所入为合。”）
Cough refers to the symptom of coughing. This chapter is named solely after "cough" (Ke, cough) and does not explicitly mention "sputum expectoration" (Sou, expectoration), yet the meaning of Sou is contained within the text; this is a case of elliptical expression. Later generations distinguished between Ke and Sou, defining Sou as cough with sputum and Ke as cough without sputum. There is also what is called "reverse cough" (Ke Ni, cough with rebellious Qi), which occurs due to rebellious upward movement of Qi followed by coughing, and indeed, whenever one coughs, Qi becomes rebellious. However, the manifestations of cough are numerous. The world often attributes all cases to the Lung, failing to realize that all Zang and Fu organs can cause cough. Therefore, this chapter elaborates on this point in detail. In summary, although the initial causes of cough differ among the Zang and Fu organs, once coughing occurs, it invariably involves panting and rebellious exhalation. Thus, the Lung acts as the master of all coughs. Since the Lung governs all Qi, it is natural for the world to attribute all coughs to the Lung.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does the Lung cause cough? Qibo replied: All Zang and Fu organs can cause cough, not just the Lung. The Emperor said: I wish to hear about their clinical manifestations. Qibo said: The skin and hair (Pi Mao, integumentary system) are the exterior correspondence of the Lung. When pathogenic factors first invade the skin and hair, they enter the Lung through this correspondence. (Here, "pathogenic factor" refers to cold qi. Note: Entering through its correspondence means entering the Lung Meridian; this describes the Lung receiving cold from the exterior.) If cold food and drink enter the stomach, they travel up along the Lung Meridian to the Lung, causing Lung cold. When the Lung is cold, external and internal cold combine, allowing pathogens to lodge there, resulting in Lung cough. (The Lung meridian originates in the middle Jiao, descends to connect with the Large Intestine, circles back around the stomach opening, ascends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung; hence, it is said to ascend along the Lung meridian to the Lung. Note: This further explains that when the Lung receives cold from both exterior and interior, the combination of internal and external cold leads to cough.) Each Zang organ suffers disease in its respective ruling month. If it is not the ruling month, the disease is transmitted to them by other organs. (...Ruling month refers to the month when an element is prosperous. Note: It is normal for Zang organs not to suffer pathogens during their ruling months. If a Zang organ is deficient, it fails to manifest its ruling nature, allowing pathogens to enter due to deficiency. Thus, Zang organs suffer disease at the time they should be ruling, hence "suffering disease in their respective ruling months." However, this suffering of cold pathogens by the Zang organs does not start directly in the Zang organs. Generally, cold enters the skin and hair, moves from the skin and hair into the Lung, and after the Lung is affected, it transmits to the deficient Zang organs. Let us take the Liver meridian as an example. The Liver corresponds to Wood, which prospers in Spring, its ruling season. If the Lung has received cold and coughing is limited to the Lung, how can it transmit to the Liver? Only if the Liver has pre-existing disease and its meridian is already deficient, even though it is Spring and should be ruling, it fails to do so. Consequently, the cold pathogen entering via the skin and lung is transmitted to the Liver. This transmission to the Liver occurs precisely because it failed to rule during its appropriate time, hence "if not the ruling month, each is transmitted to them." 'Each' refers to the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Kidney, etc. 'Transmit' refers to the Lung transmitting cold pathogens to the Zang and Fu organs. This indicates that coughs of the Zang organs all originate from the Lung, due to their failure to rule at the appropriate time. The previous three paragraphs explain this separately; previous annotations were vague and inaccurate.) The Lung first receives the pathogen. In Spring, the Liver receives it first; in Summer, the Heart receives it first; in Late Summer (Zhi Yin, extreme Yin), the Spleen receives it first; in Winter, the Kidney receives it first. (Note: This specifically details how each Zang organ suffers disease in its ruling season. Originally, before "Lung first receives pathogen," there were three characters "Cheng Qiu Ze" (When Autumn arrives). The New Correction states: "According to the Quan Yuanqi edition and Tai Su, the three characters 'Cheng Qiu Ze' are absent; Wang Bing's edition erroneously added them." This is correct, so we delete them now. Cough always begins in the skin and hair, moving from there to the Lung; thus, the Lung first receives the pathogen. This happens upon exposure, not exclusively in Autumn. 'Cheng' implies lurking or taking advantage of an opportunity; pathogens attacking due to deficiency are like thieves waiting for a gap. The meaning of 'in Spring,' etc., was explained earlier. The Liver, Heart, Spleen, and Kidney are also said to receive it first because if Zang diseases are not cured, they will transfer to the Fu organs. The Spleen rules Late Summer, but here it says 'Zhi Yin' (Extreme Yin); Zhi Yin is where the Spleen resides, and since the Spleen does not rule a specific season alone, this term is used.)
The Emperor asked: How can they be distinguished? Qibo said: The manifestation of Lung cough is coughing with wheezing and audible sounds; severely, it may involve spitting blood. (The Lung stores Qi and governs respiration, so coughing leads to panting and sounds in the throat. Note: Severe spitting blood occurs because prolonged Qi rebellion causes blood to move, and blood follows Qi.) The manifestation of Heart cough is coughing accompanied by heart pain, a sensation of obstruction in the throat as if something were stuck; severely, it leads to sore throat and Bi syndrome of the throat. (The Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin originates in the chest and belongs to the Pericardium. The Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin originates in the heart and belongs to the Heart Tie (connection). Its branch ascends from the Heart Tie and flanks the throat. Hence the symptoms.) The manifestation of Liver cough is coughing with pain under both hypochondria; severely, the body cannot turn, and turning causes fullness under both hypochondria. (The Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin penetrates the diaphragm, spreads over the hypochondria, and follows the posterior aspect of the throat. Hence the symptoms. 'Xia' also refers to the hypochondrium.) The manifestation of Spleen cough is coughing with pain under the right hypochondrium, radiating faintly to the shoulder and back; severely, movement is difficult, and movement exacerbates the cough. (Spleen Qi connects with the Lung, so pain radiates to the shoulder and back. Note: The right side is the domain governed by the Lung. The Lung governs Qi, and the Spleen is the mother of Qi. Spleen disease affects the Lung, causing pain under the right hypochondrium. The shoulder and back are governed by the Lung. Movement increases Qi rebellion, worsening the cough. The annotation claiming the Spleen governs the right side is incorrect.) The manifestation of Kidney cough is coughing with pulling pain between the waist and back; severely, it involves coughing up saliva/phlegm. (The Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin ascends along the posterior medial aspect of the thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects with the Bladder. Its main trunk ascends from the Kidney, penetrates the Liver and diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the throat, and flanks the root of the tongue. Additionally, the Bladder Meridian passes through the medial shoulder, descends alongside the spine to the middle of the waist, enters the paraspinal muscles, and connects with the Kidney. Hence the symptoms. Note: The Kidney governs the five fluids, transforming them into dampness. Dampness enters the Spleen to become saliva. Prolonged cough leads to Kidney deficiency and water flooding; the Spleen cannot transport the dampness, which returns to the Kidney, causing coughing up of saliva.)
The Emperor asked: What about coughs of the Fu organs? From where do they arise? Qibo said: Chronic coughs of the Zang organs transfer to the Fu organs. (Note: Zang and Fu organs are paired. With chronic illness, transmission occurs; the longer the duration, the more complex and severe it becomes. 'Transfer' implies spreading, meaning Zang disease spreads to Fu organs.) If Spleen cough persists, the Stomach receives it. The manifestation of Stomach cough is coughing with vomiting; severely, roundworms may be expelled. (Stomach cold causes vomiting; severe vomiting causes intestinal Qi to rebel upward, expelling worms.) If Liver cough persists, the Gallbladder receives it. The manifestation of Gallbladder cough is coughing with vomiting of bile. (Note: Liver and Gallbladder belong to Wood. Wood prefers harmony. Cold causes Qi stagnation; extreme stagnation leads to vomiting. Bile is bitter fluid.) If Lung cough persists, the Large Intestine receives it. The manifestation of Large Intestine cough is coughing with loss of stool and urine. (Note: The Large Intestine is the exterior correspondence of the Lung. The Lung governs Qi; prolonged cough depletes Qi, leading to inability to secure, causing lower collapse and incontinence of stool and urine. The *Jia Yi Jing* writes "yi shi" (loss of feces), referring only to stool, which is biased; Wang Bing's "yi shi" (loss of stool and urine) is more accurate.) If Heart cough persists, the Small Intestine receives it. The manifestation of Small Intestine cough is coughing with passage of flatus, where Qi escapes simultaneously with the cough. (Note: The Small Intestine is the Fu organ of the Heart and belongs to Fire. Excess Fire and heat cause blockage and urinary retention; excess Cold and Qi deficiency cause sliding diarrhea and loss of control over Water and Fire. Here, Cold affects the Heart and transfers to its Fu organ. Cold is Water Qi; Fire is extinguished by Water, leading to passage of flatus. 'Loss of Qi' means dissipation of Qi. 'Qi escaping with cough' means that since Qi dissipates, one cannot produce sound even when trying to cough. This is because prolonged cough scatters Qi, leading to exhaustion and inability to continue.) If Kidney cough persists, the Bladder receives it. The manifestation of Bladder cough is coughing with urinary incontinence. (Note: The Bladder stores body fluids. Prolonged cough depletes Qi, preventing fluid retention; Cold Qi flows downward, causing incontinence.) If chronic cough persists, the San Jiao (Triple Burner) receives it. The manifestation of San Jiao cough is coughing with abdominal fullness and lack of appetite. These conditions all involve pathogenic accumulation in the Stomach and involvement of the Lung, causing excessive phlegm/saliva, facial edema, and rebellious Qi. (Note: This summarizes the harm of chronic cough. Prolonged cough affects not just one Zang or Fu but all aspects of the body; thus, chronic cough leads to San Jiao involvement. The San Jiao covers the upper and lower, encompassing the whole body, functioning through Qi. When cough affects the San Jiao, Qi becomes obstructed and stagnant, causing abdominal fullness and anorexia. The Lung belongs to the Upper Jiao, and the Stomach to the Middle Jiao. 'Accumulation' means congestion, and '關' (guan) means closure; this describes Qi congested and closed in the Lung and Stomach. However, Qi is congested in the Middle and Upper Jiao precisely because prolonged cough depletes Qi, preventing it from descending to the Lower Jiao. Unable to exit downward, it congests in the Lung and Stomach, causing phlegm, facial edema, and rebellious Qi upward. This is Qibo's further explanation of abdominal fullness. Previous annotations claiming the disease stops in the Middle and Upper Jiao are shallow.) The Emperor asked: How should it be treated? Qibo said: For Zang coughs, treat their Shu (Stream) points; for Fu coughs, treat their He (Sea) points; for edema, treat their Jing (River) points. The Emperor said: Excellent! (Note: The *Ling Shu* states: "Where Qi pours in is Shu, where it flows is Jing, where it enters is He.")