六微旨大论言∶“言人者求之气交。帝曰∶何谓气交？岐伯曰∶上下之位，气交之中，人之居也。”是气
交者，盖合天气运气而言也。然二气相合，或盛而太过，或衰而不及，而变形焉，故曰气交变也。
黄帝问曰∶五运更治，上应天期，阴阳往复，寒暑迎随，真邪相搏，内外分离，六经波荡，五气倾移，太过
不及，专胜兼并，愿言其始，而有常名，可得闻乎？……（期，三百六十五日四分日之一也。专胜谓五运主岁
太过也。兼并谓主岁之不及也。常名谓布化于太虚，人身参应，病之形诊也。）岐伯曰∶请遂言之也。上经曰∶
夫道者，上知天文，下知地理，中知人事，可以长久。此之谓也。（按∶此一节与着至教论
文重。）帝曰∶何谓也？岐伯曰∶本气位也。位天者，天文也。位地者，地理也。通于人气之变化者，人事也。
故太过者先天，不及者后天，所谓治化而人应之也。（按∶三才之气，各有定位，是其本也。天文者，星辰风
雨寒暑也，其气本于天而位乎上。地理者，山川飞潜动植也，其气本于地而位乎下。人事者，气血虚实表里逆
顺也，其气本于人而位乎中。三者本相应，而其气或不能不偏，偏盛则先时而气至，偏衰则后时而气至。天之
治化见于上，于是而人之实者无病，虚者病矣。）帝曰∶五运之化，太过何如？（按∶张景岳曰∶“过而有制
则为平岁，不在太过之例。”）岐伯曰∶岁木太过，风气流行，脾土受邪。（按∶六壬年也，木胜则克土，故脾
脏受邪。）民病飧泄，食减，体重，烦冤，肠鸣，腹支满，（按∶脾土既见伤于木，则病有数者之不同矣。飧
泄者，水谷不分也。食减者，脾不能运也。脾主肌肉，脾弱则不能运动，故体重。脾脉从胃别上膈，注心中，
故烦冤。冤者，抑郁不舒也。口问篇曰∶“中气不足，肠为之苦鸣。”脏气法时论曰∶“脾虚则腹满肠鸣，
飧泄食不化。”）上应岁星。（按∶木星也。木气盛，则岁星明而专其令。谨按以上言木太过而土受邪，以下
则言木胜极而金来复也。）甚则忽忽善怒，眩冒巅疾。（按∶木胜肝强，故善怒。厥阴随督脉上会于巅，故眩
冒巅疾。盖肝实而自病也。王注言木遇金自病，误矣。）化气不政，生气独治，云物飞动，草木不宁，甚而摇
落。反胁痛而吐甚，冲阳绝者死不治，上应太白星。（按∶张景岳曰∶“化气，土气也。生气，木气也。木盛
则土衰，故化气不能布政于万物，而木之生气独治也。风不务德，则太虚之中，云物飞动，草木不宁。木胜不
已，金则承之，故甚至摇落，金之复也。肝脉布于胁肋，木强则肝逆，故胁痛也。吐甚者，木邪伤胃也。冲阳，
胃脉也。木亢则胃绝，故死不治。木既胜极，金于是乎承而制之矣，故太白光芒以应其气。是
岁木之为灾，先临宿属，金气之复，后及东方。人之应之，则先伤于脾，后伤于肝。书曰满招损，六微旨大论
曰承乃制，此之类也。新校正云∶详此太过五化，言星之例有三∶木土二运，先言岁镇，后言胜己之星；火金二
运，先言荧惑太白，次言胜己之星，后又言荧惑太白；水运先言辰星，次言镇星，后又言荧惑辰星，兼见己胜
之星也。”）
岁火太过，炎暑流行，金肺受邪。（按∶六戊岁也，火胜则克金，故肺脏受邪。）民病疟，少气，咳喘，
血溢，血泄，注下，嗌燥，耳聋，中热，肩背热，上应荧惑星。（按∶张景岳曰∶“火邪伤阴，寒热交争，故
为疟。壮火食气，故少气。火邪乘肺金，故咳喘。火逼血而妄行，故上溢于口鼻，下泄于二便。火性急速，故
水泻注下。嗌燥，耳聋，中热，肩背热，皆火炎上焦也。荧惑，火星也。火气胜，则荧惑星明而当其令。”）
甚则胸中痛，胁支满，胁痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛，（按∶景岳曰∶“此皆心经及手心主所行之处，火盛
为邪，故有是病。”）身热骨痛而为浸淫。（按∶火盛故身热，火盛烁水则水亏，故骨痛。浸淫者，汗也。火
盛热炽，逼水外泄而为汗。玉机真脏论曰∶“心脉太过，令人身热而肤痛，为浸淫。”盖心实火强，热太甚而
自病也。王注谓火无德令，纵热害金，水为复仇，故火自病，盖疑浸淫为水克火，新校正又以骨痛为误，皆非
也。）收气不行，长气独明，雨水霜寒，上应辰星。（按∶景岳曰∶“收气，金气也。长气，火气也。火盛则
金衰，故收气不行，而长气独明也。火不务德，水则承之，故雨水霜寒见于下，而辰星光芒应于上。是岁火
之为灾，先临宿属，水气之复，并及南方。人之应之，则先伤于肺，后伤于心。”）上临少阴少阳，火燔 ，
水泉涸，物焦槁。（按∶张景岳曰∶“凡此戊年，皆太过之火，而又遇子午，则上临少阴君火也，遇寅申，则
上临少阳相火也，皆为天符，其热尤甚。故火当燔 ，水泉当涸，物当焦枯也。燔音烦。 ，如瑞切。”）病
反谵妄狂越，咳喘息鸣，下甚血溢泄不已，太渊绝者死不治，上应荧惑
星。（按∶谵妄狂越者，火盛而神明乱也。咳喘息鸣者，火刑金也。血溢泄者，热极而血动也。太渊肺脉，金
为火克而败绝，故荧惑星明于上也。）
岁土太过，雨湿流行，肾水受邪。民病腹痛。清厥，意不乐，体重烦冤，上应镇星。（按∶六甲年也，土
之化湿，土胜则克水，故肾脏受邪。腹者脾所治，脾实土强则中气壅，故大小腹痛。清厥者，四肢逆冷也，脾
主四肢，脾实则气壅而不能营运，故手足逆冷也。意犹思也，脾之志，体者，肌肉也，脾之应，脾盛气窒，
则意抑郁而不乐，肌肉 浓而重也。烦冤者，气郁滞而烦躁也，脾为气母，脾病则气滞也。镇星，土宿也，土
王则其宿明于上也。）甚则肌肉萎，足痿不收，行善 ，脚下痛，饮发，中满，食减，四肢不举。（脾主肌肉，
外应四肢，又其脉起于足中指之端，循核骨内侧，斜出络跗，故病如是。按∶萎，痿同，谓柔软无力也。不收，
谓伸而不能缩也。 ，筋急也。脾脉起于足大趾，脾病故脚痛，注言中指，误也。脾实强则中气盛满，饮为之
溢而食为之减，四肢重坠而不能举，皆脾太盛而自病也。 音记。）变生得位，（按∶得位，谓四季月，土王之
时也。土分王于四季，凡土邪为变，必于其应王之时。太过五化，独此言变生得位者，见土之为变，四季皆有，
不独长夏为然也。）脏气伏，化气独治之，泉涌河衍，涸泽生鱼，风雨大至，土崩溃，鳞见于陆。病腹满，
溏泄，肠鸣，反下，甚而太溪绝者死不治，上应岁星。（脏，水气也。化，土气也。化太过，故脏气伏匿而化气
独治。按∶土盛之极，湿令大行，泉涌河衍，涸泽生鱼，皆湿之为害。然湿甚不已，则风木承之，故又风雨至，
土崩溃，而鳞见于陆，上应岁星。岁，木星也。然腹满、溏泄、肠鸣、反下诸证皆脾之病，而云太溪绝者不治，
太溪，肾脉也，土盛则胜水，而土亢则木又承之也。）
岁金太过，燥气流行，肝木受邪。民病两胁下少腹痛，目赤痛， 伤，耳无所闻。肃杀而甚，则体重烦冤，
胸痛引背，两胁满且痛引少腹，上应太白星。（按∶六庚年也。金之化燥，金胜则克木，故肝脏受邪。两胁少
腹目耳皆肝胆经脉所主，肝胆木也，木不胜刑故俱病。若金盛气王则肃杀甚矣，金受气于土，金过盛则土气泄
而脾病，体重烦冤者，脾土病也。金盛气泄则肺亦病，胸者肺之部，胸与背相对，肺病故胸痛而且引及于背也。
太白，金星，金气胜则其宿光明于上也。）甚则喘咳逆气，肩背痛，尻阴股膝髀 足皆病，上应荧惑星。
（按∶金太盛则自病，故喘咳气逆以致肩背痛也。然尻阴股膝等皆肾之病，金病不能生水，故病并及于肾。金
盛太过，火气承之，故荧惑复明也。）收气峻，生气下，草木敛，苍干凋陨，病反暴痛， 胁不可反侧，咳逆
甚而血溢，太冲绝者死不治，上应太白星。（按∶收气，金气也。生气，木气也。峻，严肃。下，卑抑。惟金
气严肃，故木气卑抑而草木敛也。苍，色老。干，枯槁。凋，将堕。陨，脱落。此正草木之所以敛也。惟木见
刑于金，故肝脏受伤， ，两腋， 与胁相连，肝所主，肝病故不可反侧也。金过盛而自病，故咳逆甚而至于
吐血也。太冲，肝脉，金盛则木绝，故不治而金星明，此仍金胜克木之义也。）
岁水太过，寒气流行，邪害心火。民病身热，烦心躁悸，阴厥上下，中寒，谵妄心痛。寒气早至，上应辰
星。（悸，心跳动也。谵，乱语也。妄，妄见闻也。天气水盛，辰星莹明，加其宿属，灾乃至。按∶六丙年也。
水胜则克火，故心脏受邪。火得水则热发于外，故身热。火不胜水，则内动而神不宁，故烦心躁悸，盖烦轻而
躁甚也。火见制于水，则火郁而不能四达，故上下阴厥。阴厥者，四肢逆冷也。中寒者，水盛则寒入于中宫也。
谵妄者，火为寒闭而神明乱也。惟寒闭热，故心痛。水盛气寒，寒必先时而至，水星光明于上也。悸音忌。）
甚则腹大胫肿，喘咳，寝汗出，憎风。大雨至，埃雾朦郁，上应镇星。（按∶甚则水盛邪王，肾当自病。盛而
不已，土气承之，故其候如是，而土星复明也。）上临太阳，雨
冰雪霜不时降，湿气变物。（按∶张景岳曰∶“此以水运而遇太阳司天，乃丙辰丙戌岁也。是为天符，其寒尤
甚。故雨冰霜雪不时降，湿气变物也。”）病反腹满，肠鸣，溏泄，食不化，渴而妄冒，神门绝者死不治。上
应荧惑、辰星。（按∶水盛天符之岁，阴寒气滞，脾不能运，故为腹满等证。水既制火，心火乃内燔，则为渴
而妄冒。神门，心脉也，水亢则心绝，故死不治。上应荧惑、辰星，胜者明而衰者暗也。）
帝曰∶善！其不及何如？岐伯曰∶悉乎哉问也！岁木不及，燥乃大行，（燥，金气也。）生气失应，草木
晚荣，（后时之谓。）肃杀而甚，则刚木辟着，柔萎苍干，上应太白星。（按∶六丁年也。丁为阴木，政属不及。
刚，坚木。柔， 草。辟着，槁而不落。苍干，枯而无色。是正所谓木不及也。木不及，则金气胜而其星明于
其上矣。）民病中清， 胁痛，少腹痛，肠鸣溏泄，凉雨时至，上应太白星，其谷苍。（按∶新校正云∶“详
中清 胁少腹痛，为金乘木肝病之状。肠鸣溏泄，乃脾病之证。盖以木少，脾土无畏，侮反受邪之故也。”张
景岳曰∶“谷之苍者属木，麻之类也。金胜而火不复，则苍谷不成。”）上临阳明，生气失政，草木再荣，化
气乃急，上应太白、镇星，其主苍早。（按∶张景岳曰∶“上临阳明，丁卯丁酉岁也。金气亢甚，故生气失政。
草木再荣者，以木气既衰，得火土旺时，土无所制，化气乃急，故秋夏再荣也。其上应于星，则金土明曜；其
下主于物，则苍者早凋。新校正云∶按不及五化，独纪木上临阳明，土上临厥阴，水上临太阴，不纪木上临厥
阴，土上临太阴，金上临阳明者，经之旨，各纪其甚者也。故于太过运中，只言火临火，水临水，此不及运中，
只言木临金，土临木，水临土，故不言厥阴临木，太阴临土，阳明临金也。”）复则炎暑流火，湿性燥，柔脆
草木焦槁，下体再生，华实齐化，病寒热疮疡 胗痈
痤，上应荧惑、太白，其谷白坚。（按∶张景岳曰∶“复者，子为其母报复也。木衰金亢，火则复之。故为炎
暑流火，而湿性之物，皆燥柔脆，草木皆枝叶焦枯，下体复生。其生既迟，则旋花旋实，是谓齐化。火气反甚，
故其为病如此。其应于星，则荧惑光芒，太白减曜，而宿属为灾。其应于谷，则白坚属金，秀而不实也。脆音
翠。 音肺胗，疹同。痤，才何切。”）白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物，虫食甘黄，脾土受邪，赤气后化，
心气晚治，上胜肺金，白气乃屈，其谷不成，咳而鼽，上应荧惑、太白星。（按∶景岳曰∶“阳明上临，金气
清肃，故为白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物。然金胜者火必衰，火衰者土必弱，故虫食味甘色黄之物。以甘黄
皆属土，而阴气蚀之，故虫生焉。观晒能除蛀，则虫为阴物可知。故其在人，又当脾土受邪也。若金胜不已而
火复之，则赤气之物后时而化，而人之心火晚盛，上克肺金，凡白色属金之物，其气乃屈也。金谷，稻也。鼽，
鼻塞也。其上应于星，则当荧惑明，太白暗，而灾有所属也。鼽音求。”）
岁火不及，寒乃大行，长政不用，物荣而下，凝惨而甚，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，上应辰星。（诸癸岁也。
火少水胜，故寒乃大行。长政不用，则物容卑下。火气既少，水气洪盛，天象出见，辰星益明。按∶惟火衰水
盛，则阳气凝惨，故万物不能荣盛于上而屈折也。）民病胸中痛，胁支满，两胁痛，膺背肩胛间及两臂内痛，
郁冒蒙昧，心痛暴喑，胸腹大，胁与腰背相引而痛，（按∶新校正云∶“详此证与火太过甚则反病之状同，傍
见脏气法时论。”）甚则屈不能伸，髋髀如别，上应荧惑、辰星，其谷丹。（按∶无火则气寒而筋拘缩，故令
《六微旨大论》中说：“谈论人体，要从气交中寻求依据。”黄帝问：“什么叫气交？”岐伯说：“上下之位，气交之中，就是人居住的地方。”所谓气交，是结合天气和运气来说的。然而天地二气相合，有时偏盛而太过，有时偏衰而不及，从而发生形态变化，所以称为气交变。
黄帝问道：五运交替主事，上应天时的周期，阴阳往复循环，寒暑迎随更替，真气与邪气相互搏结，内外分离，六经波动激荡，五脏之气倾侧移易，太过与不及，专胜与兼并，我想了解其起始规律，以及那些恒常的名称，可以讲给我听吗？……（期，指三百六十五日又四分之一日。专胜是指五运主岁太过。兼并是指主岁之气不及。常名是指在太虚中布化，人身与之参验相应，疾病的形证诊断。）岐伯说：“请让我接着阐述。上古医经上说：‘懂得道的人，上知天文，下知地理，中知人事，可以长寿。’说的就是这个道理。（按：这一节与《着至教论》的内容重复。）”黄帝问：“这是什么意思呢？”岐伯说：“这是本于气位。定位在天的是天文，定位在地的是地理，通晓人气变化的是人事。所以，太过者先于时令而至，不及者后于时令而至，这就是治化而人身与之相应的道理。（按：三才之气，各有定位，这是根本。天文，指星辰风雨寒暑，其气源于天而位于上。地理，指山川飞潜动植，其气源于地而位于下。人事，指气血虚实表里逆顺，其气源于人而位于中。三者本源相应，但其气或许不能不偏颇，偏盛则先时而气至，偏衰则后时而气至。天的治化显现于上，于是人之实者无病，虚者生病了。）”
黄帝问：“五运的化育，太过会怎样？”（按：张景岳说：“过而有制则为平岁，不在太过的例子中。”）岐伯说：“岁木太过，风气流行，脾土受邪。（按：这是六壬年，木胜则克土，所以脾脏受邪。）百姓患病飧泄（完谷不化的腹泻），食欲减退，身体沉重，心中烦闷抑郁，肠鸣，腹部胀满。（按：脾土既然被木所伤，那么病症就有几种不同。飧泄，是水谷不分。食减，是脾不能运化。脾主肌肉，脾弱则不能运动，所以身体沉重。脾脉从胃别出上行穿过膈肌，注入心中，所以心中烦闷抑郁。冤，指抑郁不舒。《口问篇》说：‘中气不足，肠为之苦鸣。’《脏气法时论》说：‘脾虚则腹满肠鸣，飧泄食不化。’）上应岁星。（按：即木星。木气盛，则岁星明亮且独掌其令。谨按以上说的是木太过而土受邪，以下则是言木胜极而金来复也。）严重时会出现神情恍惚、容易发怒、眩晕昏冒、头顶疾病。（按：木胜肝强，所以容易发怒。厥阴肝经随督脉上会于巅顶，所以出现眩晕昏冒和头顶疾病。这是肝实而自病。王冰注解说木遇金自病，是错误的。）化气（土气）不能施政，生气（木气）独自主事，云物飞动，草木不安宁，严重时枝叶摇落。反而胁痛且呕吐剧烈，冲阳脉绝者死，不可治愈，上应太白星。（按：张景岳说：“化气，是土气。生气，是木气。木盛则土衰，所以化气不能在万物中布政，而木的生气独自主事。风不施恩德，则太虚之中，云物飞动，草木不安宁。木胜不已，金则承之，所以甚至枝叶摇落，这是金的报复。肝脉布于胁肋，木强则肝逆，所以胁痛。呕吐剧烈，是木邪伤胃。冲阳，是胃脉。木亢则胃绝，所以死不可治。木既胜极，金于是乎承受而制约它，所以太白星光芒以应其气。这一年木为灾，先临宿属，金气的报复，后及东方。人应之，则先伤于脾，后伤于肝。书曰满招损，《六微旨大论》曰承乃制，就是这类情况。新校正说：详察这太过五化，言星的例子有三种：木土二运，先言岁星、镇星，后言胜己之星；火金二运，先言荧惑、太白，次言胜己之星，后又言荧惑、太白；水运先言辰星，次言镇星，后又言荧惑、辰星，兼见自己胜之星也。”）
岁火太过，炎暑流行，金肺受邪。（按：这是六戊岁，火胜则克金，所以肺脏受邪。）百姓患病疟疾，少气，咳嗽气喘，血溢，血泄，注下（急性腹泻），咽喉干燥，耳聋，心中热，肩背热，上应荧惑星。（按：张景岳说：“火邪伤阴，寒热交争，所以为疟。壮火食气，所以少气。火邪乘肺金，所以咳喘。火逼血而妄行，所以上溢于口鼻，下泄于二便。火性急速，所以水泻注下。咽喉干燥，耳聋，心中热，肩背热，都是火炎上焦。荧惑，是火星。火气胜，则荧惑星明亮而当其令。”）严重时胸中痛，胁肋胀满，胁痛，胸膺背部肩胛间痛，两臂内侧痛，（按：张景岳说：“这都是心经及手厥阴心包经所行的部位，火盛为邪，所以有这些病。”）身体热，骨痛而为浸淫疮。（按：火盛故身热，火盛烁水则水亏，所以骨痛。浸淫，指汗。火盛热炽，逼水外泄而为汗。《玉机真脏论》说：“心脉太过，令人身热而肤痛，为浸淫。”这是心实火强，热太甚而自病。王冰注解说火无德令，纵热害金，水为复仇，所以火自病，大概是怀疑浸淫为水克火，新校正又以骨痛为误，都不对。）收气（金气）不行，长气（火气）独明，雨水霜寒，上应辰星。（按：张景岳说：“收气，是金气。长气，是火气。火盛则金衰，所以收气不行，而长气独明。火不务德，水则承之，所以雨水霜寒见于下，而辰星光芒应于上。这一年火为灾，先临宿属，水气的报复，并及南方。人应之，则先伤于肺，后伤于心。”）如果上临少阴君火或少阳相火，火燔灼，水泉干涸，物体焦枯。（按：张景岳说：“凡是这些戊年，都是太过之火，而又遇到子午年，则上临少阴君火；遇到寅申年，则上临少阳相火，都称为天符，其热尤其严重。所以火当燔灼，水泉当干涸，物当焦枯。燔音烦。 ，如瑞切。”）病人反而谵语狂妄，咳嗽气喘有声，下部严重则血溢泄泻不止，太渊脉绝者死，不可治愈，上应荧惑星。（按：谵语狂妄，是火盛而神明乱。咳嗽气喘有声，是火刑金。血溢泄，是热极而血动。太渊是肺脉，金为火克而败绝，所以荧惑星明亮于上。）
岁土太过，雨湿流行，肾水受邪。百姓患病腹痛。四肢清冷厥逆，意志不乐，身体沉重烦闷，上应镇星。（按：这是六甲年，土的化气为湿，土胜则克水，所以肾脏受邪。腹部是脾所治理，脾实土强则中气壅滞，所以大小腹痛。清厥，是四肢逆冷，脾主四肢，脾实则气壅而不能营运，所以手足逆冷。意犹思也，是脾之志，体是肌肉，是脾之应，脾盛气窒，则意志抑郁而不乐，肌肉浓重而沉。烦冤，是气郁滞而烦躁，脾为气母，脾病则气滞。镇星，是土宿，土王则其宿明亮于上。）严重时肌肉萎缩，足痿无力不收，行走时筋急，脚下痛，饮发病，中焦胀满，食欲减退，四肢不能举动。（脾主肌肉，外应四肢，又其脉起于足大趾端，循核骨内侧，斜出络跗，所以病如此。按：萎，同痿，谓柔软无力。不收，谓伸而不能缩。 ，是筋急。脾脉起于足大趾，脾病故脚痛，注言中指，错误。脾实强则中气盛满，饮为之溢而食为之减，四肢重坠而不能举，都是脾太盛而自病。 音记。）变化发生在得位之时，（按：得位，指四季月，土王之时。土分王于四季，凡土邪为变，必在其应王之时。太过五化，唯独此处言变生得位，可见土之为变，四季皆有，不独长夏如此。）脏气（水气）潜伏，化气（土气）独自主事，泉水涌出，河水漫延，干涸的沼泽生出鱼，风雨大作，土崩溃，鳞介之物见于陆地。患病腹满，溏泄，肠鸣，反下（利下无度），严重时太溪脉绝者死，不可治愈，上应岁星。（脏，是水气。化，是土气。化太过，所以脏气伏匿而化气独治。按：土盛之极，湿令大行，泉水涌出，河水漫延，干涸的沼泽生出鱼，都是湿之为害。然而湿甚不已，则风木承之，所以又风雨至，土崩溃，而鳞见于陆，上应岁星。岁，是木星。然而腹满、溏泄、肠鸣、反下诸证皆脾之病，而云太溪绝者不治，太溪，是肾脉，土盛则胜水，而土亢则木又承之也。）
岁金太过，燥气流行，肝木受邪。百姓患病两胁下少腹痛，目赤痛，皮肤损伤，耳无所闻。肃杀之气很甚，则身体沉重烦闷，胸痛引背，两胁满且痛引少腹，上应太白星。（按：这是六庚年。金的化气为燥，金胜则克木，所以肝脏受邪。两胁少腹目耳皆肝胆经脉所主，肝胆木也，木不胜刑故俱病。若金盛气王则肃杀甚矣，金受气于土，金过盛则土气泄而脾病，体重烦冤者，是脾土病。金盛气泄则肺亦病，胸是肺之部，胸与背相对，肺病故胸痛而且引及于背。太白，是金星，金气胜则其宿光明于上。）严重时喘咳逆气，肩背痛，尻阴股膝髀 足皆病，上应荧惑星。（按：金太盛则自病，所以喘咳气逆以致肩背痛。然而尻阴股膝等皆肾之病，金病不能生水，所以病并及于肾。金盛太过，火气承之，所以荧惑复明。）收气（金气）峻厉，生气（木气）低下，草木收敛，苍老干枯凋陨，病人反而暴痛，腋下胁肋不可反侧，咳逆甚而血溢，太冲脉绝者死，不可治愈，上应太白星。（按：收气，是金气。生气，是木气。峻，严肃。下，卑抑。惟金气严肃，故木气卑抑而草木收敛。苍，色老。干，枯槁。凋，将堕。陨，脱落。这正是草木之所以收敛。惟木见刑于金，所以肝脏受伤，腋下胁肋，与胁相连，是肝所主，肝病故不可反侧。金过盛而自病，所以咳逆甚而至于吐血。太冲，是肝脉，金盛则木绝，所以不治而金星明，这仍是金胜克木之义。）
岁水太过，寒气流行，邪害心火。百姓患病身热，烦心躁悸，阴厥上下，中寒，谵妄心痛。寒气早至，上应辰星。（悸，心跳动。谵，乱语。妄，妄见闻。天气水盛，辰星莹明，加其宿属，灾乃至。按：这是六丙年。水胜则克火，所以心脏受邪。火得水则热发于外，所以身热。火不胜水，则内动而神不宁，所以烦心躁悸，大概烦轻而躁甚。火见制于水，则火郁而不能四达，所以上下阴厥。阴厥，是四肢逆冷。中寒，是水盛则寒入于中宫。谵妄，是火为寒闭而神明乱。惟寒闭热，所以心痛。水盛气寒，寒必先时而至，水星光明于上。悸音忌。）严重时腹大胫肿，喘咳，寝汗出，憎风。大雨至，埃雾朦郁，上应镇星。（按：严重时水盛邪王，肾当自病。盛而不已，土气承之，所以其候如此，而土星复明。）如果上临太阳司天，雨冰雪霜不时降，湿气变物。（按：张景岳说：“这是以水运而遇太阳司天，乃丙辰丙戌岁。是为天符，其寒尤其严重。所以雨冰霜雪不时降，湿气变物。”）病人反而腹满，肠鸣，溏泄，食不化，渴而妄冒，神门脉绝者死，不可治愈。上应荧惑、辰星。（按：水盛天符之岁，阴寒气滞，脾不能运，所以为腹满等证。水既制火，心火乃内燔，则为渴而妄冒。神门，是心脉，水亢则心绝，所以死不可治。上应荧惑、辰星，胜者明而衰者暗。）
黄帝说：“好！那不及会怎样呢？”岐伯说：“问得详尽啊！岁木不及，燥乃大行，（燥，是金气。）生气失应，草木晚荣，（后时之称。）肃杀而甚，则刚木辟着（枯而不落），柔萎苍干，上应太白星。（按：这是六丁年。丁为阴木，政属不及。刚，坚木。柔，草。辟着，槁而不落。苍干，枯而无色。是正所谓木不及。木不及，则金气胜而其星明于其上。）百姓患病中清（中寒），胁痛，少腹痛，肠鸣溏泄，凉雨时至，上应太白星，其谷苍。（按：新校正说：“详中清胁少腹痛，为金乘木肝病之状。肠鸣溏泄，乃脾病之证。盖以木少，脾土无畏，侮反受邪之故。”张景岳说：“谷之苍者属木，麻之类。金胜而火不复，则苍谷不成。”）如果上临阳明，生气失政，草木再荣，化气乃急，上应太白、镇星，其主苍早。（按：张景岳说：“上临阳明，丁卯丁酉岁。金气亢甚，故生气失政。草木再荣者，以木气既衰，得火土旺时，土无所制，化气乃急，故秋夏再荣也。其上应于星，则金土明曜；其下主于物，则苍者早凋。新校正说：按不及五化，独纪木上临阳明，土上临厥阴，水上临太阴，不纪木上临厥阴，土上临太阴，金上临阳明者，经之旨，各纪其甚者。故于太过运中，只言火临火，水临水，此不及运中，只言木临金，土临木，水临土，故不言厥阴临木，太阴临土，阳明临金也。”）报复则炎暑流火，湿性燥，柔脆草木焦槁，下体再生，华实齐化，病寒热疮疡 胗痈痤，上应荧惑、太白，其谷白坚。（按：张景岳说：“复者，子为其母报复。木衰金亢，火则复之。故为炎暑流火，而湿性之物，皆燥柔脆，草木皆枝叶焦枯，下体复生。其生既迟，则旋花旋实，是谓齐化。火气反甚，故其为病如此。其应于星，则荧惑光芒，太白减曜，而宿属为灾。其应于谷，则白坚属金，秀而不实。脆音翠。 音肺胗，疹同。痤，才何切。”）白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物，虫食甘黄，脾土受邪，赤气后化，心气晚治，上胜肺金，白气乃屈，其谷不成，咳而鼽，上应荧惑、太白星。（按：张景岳说：“阳明上临，金气清肃，故为白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物。然金胜者火必衰，火衰者土必弱，故虫食味甘色黄之物。以甘黄皆属土，而阴气蚀之，故虫生焉。观晒能除蛀，则虫为阴物可知。故其在人，又当脾土受邪。若金胜不已而火复之，则赤气之物后时而化，而人之心火晚盛，上克肺金，凡白色属金之物，其气乃屈。金谷，稻。鼽，鼻塞。其上应于星，则当荧惑明，太白暗，而灾有所属。鼽音求。”）
岁火不及，寒乃大行，长政不用，物荣而下，凝惨而甚，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，上应辰星。（诸癸岁。火少水胜，故寒乃大行。长政不用，则物容卑下。火气既少，水气洪盛，天象出见，辰星益明。按：惟火衰水盛，则阳气凝惨，故万物不能荣盛于上而屈折。）百姓患病胸中痛，胁支满，两胁痛，膺背肩胛间及两臂内痛，郁冒蒙昧，心痛暴喑，胸腹大，胁与腰背相引而痛，（按：新校正说：“详此证与火太过甚则反病之状同，傍见脏气法时论。”）严重时屈不能伸，髋髀如别，上应荧惑、辰星，其谷丹。（按：无火则气寒而筋拘缩，所以令）
The *Liu Wei Zhi Da Lun* (Great Discourse on the Six Micro Principles) states: "When discussing humans, one must seek the basis in Qi Jiao (the intersection of Heaven and Earth Qi)." The Yellow Emperor asked: "What is meant by Qi Jiao?" Qibo replied: "In the position of above and below, within the intersection of Qi, lies human habitation." What is called Qi Jiao refers to the combination of Heavenly Qi (Tian Qi) and Luck Qi (Yun Qi). However, when these two Qi interact, they may become excessive or deficient, leading to morphological changes; thus it is called Qi Jiao Bian (Qi Intersection Variation).
The Yellow Emperor asked: "The Five Yun (Five Phases of Movement) alternate in governance, corresponding to heavenly cycles. Yin and Yang cycle back and forth, cold and heat follow each other. True Qi and pathogenic factors clash, internal and external separate, the Six Channels (Liu Jing) are agitated, and the Qi of the Five Viscera shifts. Regarding excess and deficiency, exclusive dominance and combined invasion, I wish to know their origins and the constant names. May I hear them?" ... (Period refers to 365 and 1/4 days. Exclusive dominance refers to the excess of the ruling Yun of the year. Combined invasion refers to the deficiency of the ruling Yun. Constant names refer to the distribution in the Great Void, corresponding to the human body, and the diagnostic forms of disease.) Qibo said: "Please allow me to elaborate. The ancient classics state: 'One who understands the Dao knows astronomy above, geography below, and human affairs in the middle, thereby achieving longevity.' This is what is meant." (Note: This section repeats content from the *Zhe Zhi Jiao Lun*.) The Yellow Emperor asked: "What does this mean?" Qibo replied: "It is based on Qi positions. Those positioned in Heaven constitute Astronomy; those positioned in Earth constitute Geography; those understanding the changes of Human Qi constitute Human Affairs. Therefore, excess arrives before the season, and deficiency arrives after the season. This is how cosmic transformation corresponds to humanity." (Note: The Qi of the Three Powers has fixed positions, which is the root. Astronomy refers to stars, wind, rain, cold, and heat; its Qi originates from Heaven and is positioned above. Geography refers to mountains, rivers, flying, swimming, moving, and still entities; its Qi originates from Earth and is positioned below. Human affairs refer to Qi and Blood, excess and deficiency, interior and exterior, reversal and smoothness; its Qi originates from Humans and is positioned in the middle. The three roots correspond, but their Qi may not be without bias. Excess leads to early arrival, deficiency to late arrival. Cosmic transformation manifests above; thus, those with solid constitution remain healthy, while those with deficient constitution fall ill.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: "How does the transformation of the Five Yun manifest in excess?" (Note: Zhang Jingyue stated: "If excess is regulated, it becomes a balanced year, not falling under the category of excess.") Qibo replied: "In years of Wood Excess, Wind Qi prevails, and Spleen Earth suffers evil." (Note: These are Gui-Ren years; Wood overcomes Earth, so the Spleen organ suffers.) People suffer from Sundiexie (diarrhea with undigested food), reduced appetite, heavy body, vexation and depression, borborygmus, and abdominal distension. (Note: Since Spleen Earth is injured by Wood, various symptoms arise. Sundiexie means failure to separate water and grain. Reduced appetite means the Spleen fails to transport. The Spleen governs muscles; weakness leads to heaviness. The Spleen meridian branches from the Stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and enters the Heart, causing vexation. Yuan refers to depression. The *Kou Wen Pian* states: 'Deficiency of Middle Qi causes painful borborygmus.' The *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: 'Spleen deficiency leads to abdominal fullness, borborygmus, sundiexie, and indigestion.') Above, it corresponds to the Suixing (Year Star/Jupiter). (Note: Jupiter. When Wood Qi is prosperous, the Year Star shines and dominates. Note: The above describes Wood excess injuring Earth; the following describes Wood extreme excess triggering Metal retaliation.) Severe cases involve sudden irritability, dizziness, vertigo, and head diseases. (Note: Wood excess strengthens Liver, causing irritability. The Jueyin meridian meets the Du vessel at the vertex, causing vertigo and head pain. This is Liver excess causing self-disease. Wang Bing's note that Wood self-injures upon meeting Metal is incorrect.) Transformation Qi (Earth Qi) cannot govern, while Growth Qi (Wood Qi) rules alone. Clouds and objects move, grass and trees are restless, and severely, leaves shake and fall. Alternatively, there is hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting. If the Chongyang pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. Above, it corresponds to the Taibai Star (Venus). (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Transformation Qi is Earth Qi. Growth Qi is Wood Qi. Wood excess weakens Earth, so Transformation Qi cannot govern all things, and Wood's Growth Qi rules alone. Wind failing to show virtue leads to chaotic clouds and restless plants. Unchecked Wood excess triggers Metal retaliation, causing leaf fall. The Liver meridian spreads over the hypochondrium; Wood strength causes Liver rebellion and pain. Severe vomiting indicates Wood evil injuring the Stomach. Chongyang is the Stomach pulse. Wood hyperactivity leads to Stomach exhaustion and death. After Wood peaks, Metal controls it, hence Taibai shines. In Wood disaster years, the effect first hits the associated constellations, and Metal retaliation later affects the East. In humans, it first injures the Spleen, then the Liver. As the Book says, pride invites loss; as the *Liu Wei Zhi Da Lun* says, control follows succession. New Correction notes three examples for stars in excess transformations: For Wood and Earth, mention Suixing and Zhuxing first, then the star overcoming them; for Fire and Metal, mention Yinghuo and Taibai, then the overcoming star, then both again; for Water, mention Chenxing, then Zhuxing, then Yinghuo and Chenxing together with the overcoming star.")
In years of Fire Excess, blazing heat prevails, and Metal-Lung suffers evil. (Note: These are Wu years; Fire overcomes Metal, so the Lung organ suffers.) People suffer from malaria, shortness of breath, cough and asthma, hematemesis/hematochezia, acute diarrhea, dry throat, deafness, central heat, and shoulder/back heat. Above, it corresponds to the Yinghuo Star (Mars). (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Fire evil injures Yin, causing alternating chills and fever, hence malaria. Vigorous fire consumes Qi, hence shortness of breath. Fire evil attacks Lung Metal, hence cough and asthma. Fire forces blood to flow recklessly, causing bleeding from mouth/nose or bowels. Fire nature is rapid, hence acute diarrhea. Dry throat, deafness, central heat, and shoulder/back heat are all Fire flaring into the Upper Jiao. Yinghuo is Mars. When Fire Qi wins, Yinghuo shines and dominates.") Severe cases involve chest pain, hypochondriac fullness and pain, pain between the chest, back, and scapula, and pain in the inner arms. (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "These are pathways of the Heart and Pericardium meridians; Fire excess as evil causes these symptoms.") Body heat, bone pain, and spreading sores (Jinyin). (Note: Fire excess causes body heat; excessive Fire scorches Water, causing Water deficiency and bone pain. Jinyin refers to sweating here, though often skin sores; intense Heat forces Water out as sweat. The *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun* states: 'Heart pulse excess causes body heat and skin pain, known as Jinyin.' This is Heart Fire excess causing self-disease. Wang Bing's note on Fire lacking virtue and harming Metal, leading to Water revenge, is doubtful; New Correction's doubt about bone pain is also incorrect.) Restraining Qi (Metal Qi) fails to act, while Growing Qi (Fire Qi) shines alone. Rain and frost appear. Above, it corresponds to the Chenxing (Mercury). (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Restraining Qi is Metal Qi. Growing Qi is Fire Qi. Fire excess weakens Metal, so Restraining Qi fails, and Growing Qi shines. Fire failing virtue triggers Water retaliation, causing rain/frost below and Chenxing shining above. In Fire disaster years, the effect first hits constellations, and Water retaliation affects the South. In humans, it first injures the Lung, then the Heart.") If it coincides with Shaoyin (Ministerial Fire) or ShaoYang (Triple Burner Fire), fires rage, springs dry up, and objects scorch. (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "All Wu years are Excess Fire. Coinciding with Zi/Wu years brings Shaoyin Jun Fire; with Yin/Shen years, ShaoYang Xiang Fire. Both are Tian Fu (Heavenly Matches), making heat extreme. Hence fire rages, springs dry, objects scorch. Fan sounds like fan. , like Rui.") Patients instead suffer delirium, mania, cough with wheezing, and severe lower bleeding/diarrhea. If the Taiyuan pulse vanishes, death is inevitable. Above, it corresponds to the Yinghuo Star. (Note: Delirium/mania is Fire excess confusing the Spirit. Cough/wheeze is Fire punishing Metal. Bleeding/diarrhea is extreme Heat moving Blood. Taiyuan is the Lung pulse; Metal defeated by Fire exhausts, so Yinghuo shines above.)
In years of Earth Excess, rain and dampness prevail, and Kidney Water suffers evil. People suffer from abdominal pain, cold extremities (Qingjue), unhappiness, heavy body, and vexation. Above, it corresponds to the Zhuxing (Saturn). (Note: These are Jia years. Earth transforms into Dampness; Earth overcomes Water, so the Kidney organ suffers. The abdomen is governed by the Spleen; Spleen excess/strength causes Middle Qi stagnation, leading to abdominal pain. Qingjue means cold limbs; Spleen governs limbs, so stagnation prevents circulation. Yi refers to thought, the emotion of Spleen; Ti refers to muscle, the manifestation of Spleen. Spleen excess blocks Qi, causing depression and heaviness. Fanyuan is Qi stagnation causing irritability. Zhuxing is Saturn; when Earth reigns, it shines above.) Severe cases involve muscle atrophy, foot flaccidity and inability to retract, cramping during walking, foot pain, fluid retention, epigastric fullness, reduced appetite, and inability to lift limbs. (Note: Spleen governs muscles and limbs; its meridian starts at the big toe... Spleen disease causes foot pain; the note saying little toe is wrong. Spleen excess causes Middle Qi fullness, fluid overflow, reduced appetite, and limb heaviness—all Spleen excess self-disease. Ji sound.) Changes occur when obtaining position (De Wei). (Note: De Wei refers to the months of the four seasons when Earth reigns. Earth reigns in all four seasons; Earth pathology occurs when it should reign. Among the five excess transformations, only this mentions 'changes occurring in position,' showing Earth pathology affects all seasons, not just late summer.) Visceral Qi (Water Qi) hides, while Transformation Qi (Earth Qi) rules alone. Springs surge, rivers expand, dried marshes breed fish, great winds and rains come, earth collapses, and aquatic creatures appear on land. Patients suffer abdominal fullness, loose stools, borborygmus, and profuse diarrhea. If the Taixi pulse vanishes, death is inevitable. Above, it corresponds to the Suixing Star. (Note: Zang is Water Qi. Hua is Earth Qi. Excess Transformation Qi hides Visceral Qi. Note: Extreme Earth excess causes massive Dampness. If Dampness persists, Wind-Wood retaliates, causing wind/rain, earth collapse, and aquatic creatures appearing, corresponding to Suixing (Jupiter). Abdominal fullness etc. are Spleen diseases, but Taixi (Kidney pulse) vanishing indicates Earth overcomes Water, and Earth hyperactivity triggers Wood retaliation.)
In years of Metal Excess, dryness prevails, and Liver Wood suffers evil. People suffer from pain in the hypochondrium and lower abdomen, red/painful eyes, skin injury, and hearing loss. If肃杀 (severe killing/drying) is extreme, body heaviness and vexation occur, chest pain radiating to the back, hypochondriac fullness/pain radiating to the lower abdomen. Above, it corresponds to the Taibai Star. (Note: These are Geng years. Metal transforms into Dryness; Metal overcomes Wood, so the Liver organ suffers. Hypochondrium, lower abdomen, eyes, ears are governed by Liver/Gallbladder meridians; Wood cannot withstand punishment, so all suffer. If Metal Qi is strong,肃杀 is extreme. Metal receives Qi from Earth; excessive Metal drains Earth Qi, causing Spleen disease (heaviness/vexation). Drained Metal Qi also affects Lung; Chest is Lung's region, opposite Back, so Lung disease causes chest/back pain. Taibai is Venus; Metal excess makes its constellation shine.) Severe cases involve wheezing, cough, reverse Qi, shoulder/back pain, and disease in the buttocks, yin, thigh, knee, thigh bone, calf, and foot. Above, it corresponds to the Yinghuo Star. (Note: Extreme Metal self-injures, causing wheezing/cough/reverse Qi and shoulder/back pain. Buttocks/yin/thigh/knee are Kidney diseases; Metal disease fails to generate Water, so Kidney is affected. Extreme Metal excess triggers Fire retaliation, so Yinghuo shines.) Restraining Qi (Metal Qi) is stern, Growth Qi (Wood Qi) is suppressed. Grass and trees gather/constrict, aging, drying, withering, and falling. Patients instead suffer sudden pain, inability to turn sides due to axillary/hypochondriac stiffness, severe reverse cough with bleeding. If the Taichong pulse vanishes, death is inevitable. Above, it corresponds to the Taibai Star. (Note: Restraining Qi is Metal. Growth Qi is Wood. Jun means stern. Xia means suppressed. Metal's sternness suppresses Wood, causing plants to constrict. Cang means old color. Gan means withered. Diao means falling. Yun means dropping. This explains plant constriction. Wood punished by Metal injures Liver; axilla/hypochondrium connected to hypochondrium, governed by Liver, so Liver disease prevents turning. Extreme Metal self-injures, causing severe cough/bleeding. Taichong is Liver pulse; Metal excess exhausts Wood, hence untreatable and Venus shines. This follows Metal overcoming Wood.)
In years of Water Excess, cold prevails, and evil harms Heart Fire. People suffer from body heat, vexation, restlessness, palpitations, Yin-Jue (cold extremities) above and below, central cold, delirium, and heart pain. Cold Qi arrives early. Above, it corresponds to the Chenxing. (Note: Ji is palpitation. Chan is confused speech. Wang is hallucination. Heavenly Water Qi is strong, Chenxing shines, adding to its constellation, bringing disaster. Note: These are Bing years. Water overcomes Fire, so Heart suffers. Fire meeting Water releases heat externally (body heat). Fire unable to overcome Water moves internally, disturbing Spirit (vexation/restlessness). Fire controlled by Water stagnates, unable to reach extremities, causing Yin-Jue (cold limbs). Central cold means Water excess brings cold to the Middle Palace. Delirium is Fire closed by Cold confusing Spirit. Cold closing Heat causes heart pain. Water excess/Cold arrives early, Mercury shines.) Severe cases involve abdominal distension, leg swelling, wheezing/cough, night sweats, and aversion to wind. Heavy rains arrive, dust and fog obscure. Above, it corresponds to the Zhuxing. (Note: Severe cases indicate Water excess harming Kidney itself. Persisting, Earth Qi retaliates, causing these signs and Saturn shining.) If it coincides with Taiyang (Solar), ice, snow, and frost fall irregularly, and dampness alters things. (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "This is Water Yun coinciding with Taiyang Si Tian, Bing-Chen/Bing-Xu years. It is Tian Fu, making cold extreme. Hence irregular ice/snow/frost and damp alteration.") Patients instead suffer abdominal fullness, borborygmus, loose stools, indigestion, thirst, and delirious confusion. If the Shenmen pulse vanishes, death is inevitable. Above, it corresponds to Yinghuo and Chenxing. (Note: In Water Excess/Tian Fu years, Yin-Cold stagnates, Spleen fails to transport, causing fullness etc. Water controls Fire, so Heart Fire burns internally, causing thirst/delirium. Shenmen is Heart pulse; Water hyperactivity exhausts Heart, hence death. Yinghuo/Chenxing shine/dim based on winning/losing.)
The Yellow Emperor said: "Good! How about deficiency?" Qibo said: "You ask thoroughly! In years of Wood Deficiency, Dryness prevails greatly. (Dryness is Metal Qi.) Growth Qi loses its response; grass and trees bloom late. If肃杀 is extreme, hard wood remains dead/unfallen, soft plants wither and dry. Above, it corresponds to the Taibai Star. (Note: Ding years. Ding is Yin Wood, governance is deficient. Gang is hard wood. Rou is grass. Pi Zhuo is withered but not fallen. Cang Gan is withered and colorless. This is Wood deficiency. Wood deficiency allows Metal Qi to win, so its star shines.) People suffer from central cold, hypochondriac pain, lower abdominal pain, borborygmus, loose stools, and cool rain arriving. Above, it corresponds to Taibai Star; grains are Cang (green/black). (Note: New Correction: Central cold/hypochondriac/lower pain are Metal invading Wood/Liver disease signs. Borborygmus/loose stools are Spleen disease signs. Because Wood is weak, Spleen Earth feels no fear and rebels, suffering evil. Zhang Jingyue: Cang grains belong to Wood, like hemp. Metal wins and Fire does not retaliate, so Cang grains fail.) If it coincides with Yangming, Growth Qi loses governance; grass and trees bloom twice. Transformation Qi becomes urgent. Above, it corresponds to Taibai and Zhuxing; it governs Cang grains maturing early. (Note: Zhang Jingyue: Coinciding with Yangming, Ding-Mao/Ding-You years. Metal Qi is hyperactive, so Growth Qi loses governance. Trees bloom twice because Wood Qi declines, and when Fire/Earth are strong, Earth is uncontrolled, so Transformation Qi becomes urgent, causing autumn/summer double blooming. Stars: Metal/Earth shine; Objects: Cang grains mature early. New Correction: Among deficiencies, only Wood-Yangming, Earth-Jueyin, Water-Taiyin are recorded, not Wood-Jueyin, Earth-Taiyin, Metal-Yangming. The classic records the most severe. In excess, only Fire-Fire, Water-Water are mentioned. In deficiency, only Wood-Metal, Earth-Wood, Water-Earth are mentioned, hence not Jueyin-Wood, Taiyin-Earth, Yangming-Metal.) Retaliation brings blazing heat and flowing fire. Damp nature becomes dry. Soft/brittle grass and trees scorch. Lower bodies regenerate. Flowers and fruits transform simultaneously. Diseases include chills/fever, sores, rashes, carbuncles, acne. Above, it corresponds to Yinghuo and Taibai; grains are white and firm. (Note: Zhang Jingyue: Retaliation is child avenging mother. Wood weak/Metal亢, so Fire retaliates. Blazing heat dries damp things, scorching plants. Lower bodies regenerate. Late birth leads to simultaneous flowering/fruiting. Fire excess causes these diseases. Stars: Yinghuo shines, Taibai dims. Grains: White/Firm belongs to Metal, flowers but no fruit. Cui sound Cui. Fei sound Fei. Zhen same as Zhen. Cuo sound He.) White Dew falls early. Restraining Killing Qi acts. Cold rain harms things. Insects eat sweet/yellow foods. Spleen Earth suffers evil. Red Qi transforms late. Heart Qi treats late. Upward overcomes Lung Metal. White Qi is屈 (subdued). Grains fail. Cough and Qiu (nasal congestion). Above, it corresponds to Yinghuo and Taibai. (Note: Zhang Jingyue: Yangming arrival brings clear/severe Metal, causing early White Dew, Killing Qi, cold rain. Metal winning means Fire weak; Fire weak means Earth weak. Sweet/yellow foods belong to Earth, eaten by Yin insects (moisture-loving). Thus, in humans, Spleen suffers. If Metal wins endlessly and Fire retaliates, Red Qi transforms late, Heart Fire rises late, overcoming Lung Metal. White items (Metal) are subdued. Grain: Rice. Qiu: Nasal congestion. Stars: Yinghuo bright, Taibai dim.)
In years of Fire Deficiency, Cold prevails greatly. Long Governance (Summer) is unused. Things flourish but sink. Condensation and severity increase. Yang Qi fails to transform. Flourishing beauty is broken. Above, it corresponds to Chenxing. (All Gui years. Fire weak/Water wins, so Cold prevails. Long governance unused means things stay low. Fire weak/Water strong, celestial phenomenon shows, Chenxing shines more. Note: Fire weak/Water strong causes Yang condensation, so things cannot flourish above and break.) People suffer from chest pain, hypochondriac fullness, bilateral hypochondriac pain, pain between chest/back/scapula and inner arms, depression/vertigo/confusion, sudden heart pain and aphonia, abdominal distension, and pain radiating from hypochondrium to waist/back. (Note: New Correction: These symptoms match the severe self-disease of Fire Excess, see *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun*.) Severe cases involve inability to bend/extend, hips/thighs feeling separated. Above, it corresponds to Yinghuo and Chenxing; grains are Dan (red). (Note: No Fire means Cold Qi and tendon contraction, causing...)