夫天地之道者，以五运阴阳为变化之用也。故经曰∶其在天为玄，在人为道，在地为化。化
生五味，道生智，玄生神。在天为风火暑湿燥寒，在地为木火土金水。故在天为气，在地成形，
气形相感，而化生万物矣。
五气∶风、暑、湿、燥、寒。五行∶木、火、土、金、水。五星∶岁星、荧惑星、镇星、大
白星、辰星。五音∶角、征、宫、商、羽。五方∶东、南、中、西、北。五应∶春、夏、长夏、
秋、冬。五化生气∶生、长、化、收、藏。五运平纪∶敷和、升明、备化、审平、静顺。五候气∶
端素、高茂、允平、凋凉、澄明。五性∶暄而随、暑而速、泽静直平、凉而洁、澶而下。五用∶
曲直摇动、燔灼躁动、高茂满化、坚成散落、 衍下流。五虫∶毛、羽、裸、介、鳞。五畜∶羊、
马、（相火化马，属火，辛一。）牛、鸡、猪。五谷∶麻、麦、稷、稻、豆。五果∶李、杏、枣、桃、
栗。五菜∶韭、薤、葵、葱、藿。（豆叶番味没。）五实∶核、络、肉、壳、濡。五物∶坚、脉、肤、
外坚、濡。五色∶青、赤、黄、白、黑。五臭∶臊、焦、香、腥、腐。五味∶酸、苦、甘、辛、
咸。五运成数∶八、七、五、九、六。五德∶敷和、彰显、润泽、清洁、凄怆。五化∶生荣、蕃
术、丰盈、坚敛、清隘。五政∶发散舒启、明曜、安静、劲肃、清净。五令∶和风暄发、暑热郁
蒸、湿 云雨、燥湿雾、雾露寒。五变∶振拉摧拔、销铄炎赫、动骤注雨、肃杀惨凄、凛冽严凝。
五灾∶散落、燔KT 、溃覆、冰雪、霜雹。五病∶衰、急、（然相火运，夏满闰变，亦君火化。）
否、咳、厥。
五脏神∶魂、神、意、魄、精。五脏∶肝、心、（下皆君火之化也。）脾、肺、肾。五志∶怒、喜、
思、悲、恐。五官∶目、舌、口、鼻、耳。五脏开窍∶目、耳、（少火相清故也。）口、鼻、溺。五
脏主∶目、舌、口、鼻、二阴。五养∶筋膜、血脉、肌肉、皮毛、骨髓。五脏内应∶胸胁、膺肋、
心腹、膺胁腹背、腰下脊骨髓。五脏外应∶关节、经络、肌肉四肢、皮毛、溪谷蹄膝。
凡此五化，非太过不及，以平而为期也。生长化收藏，先后之至，各务其德，则无胜淫。治
之生月，五化宣平，不失其常，是化而无变也者，谓之物极盛也。经曰∶物生谓之化，物极谓之
变，则天道失常，而病由生也。则如木太过而变，则风气大行，邪淫脾土，湿化屈伏，皆病也。
风木过极，而亦自病。木不务德，轻侮肺金，胜注脾土。土气屈伏，求救于子，子者金也，子复
母仇，则清气大举，燥令乃行，而肝病也。若木不及，则金来胜克，肝乃受邪侮，反曰病于虚也。
金乃胜木，火复母仇，金反病也。五星万物，尽皆应之，人亦由之。余皆仿此，推而可知也。
故经曰∶五气而立，各有所先，非其位则邪，当其位则正。病生之变也者，气相得则微，不相得
则甚。主岁者，气有余则制己所胜，不及则己所不胜侮而乘之，己所胜轻而侮之。侮反受邪，寡
于畏也，斯之道欤！夫五运太过者，与己不胜而齐化，是谓木齐金化之类也。夫复则化淳，其气
变动，则病由生也。以胜衰者受邪，盛之过及极，而亦同病也。随所胜之微甚，复其过而反招其害也。
太过五纪，木曰发生，火曰赫曦，土曰敦阜，金日坚成，水曰流衍。辰戌，上羽，其运风、
暑、阴埃、凉、寒肃。其化鸣条启坼，暄暑郁燠，柔润重泽，雾露萧杀，凝惨凛冽。其变振拉摧
拔，炎烈沸腾，
振惊飘骤，肃杀凋零，冰雪霜雹。其病眩掉目瞑，热郁，湿下重，燥，背瞀胸满，大寒流于溪谷。
寅申，上征，其运风鼓、暑、阴雨、凉、寒肃。其化鸣条启坼，暄嚣郁燠，柔润重泽，雾露霜 ，
凝惨栗冽。其变振拉摧拔，炎烈沸腾，振惊飘骤，同前。其病掉眩支胁惊骇，上热郁血溢血泄心
痛，体重 肿痞饮，肩背胸中，寒浮肿。子午岁，上征，其运风热、炎暑、阴雨、凉劲、寒。其
化同前，暄曜郁燠，柔润时雨，雾露萧 ，其变同前。其病支满，上热血溢，中满身重，下清，寒下。
凡定期，是以疏其纪，不必皆然，有变动病之用也，所以其间亦非太过者，推之可知也。其
病者，病由生也。则如岁太角风胜，脾土受邪，民病飧泄食减，体重烦冤，肠鸣支满忽忽善怒，
眩昌巅疾。云物飞动，草木不宁，甚而摇落，反胁痛而吐甚。则冲阳绝者，死。岁太征火胜，肺
金受邪，民病HT 疾，少气咳喘，血溢向泄，注下，嗌燥耳聋，中热，肩背热，甚则胸中痛，胁支
满，胁痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛，身热肤痛，而为浸淫。雨水霜寒，病反谵妄狂越，咳喘息
鸣，下甚则血溢血泄不已。太渊绝者，死不
治。岁太宫土胜，肾水受邪，民病腹痛，清厥，意不乐，体重烦冤，甚则肌肉痿，足痿不收，行
善，脚下痛，饮发，中满食减，四肢不收，反下甚。而太溪绝者，死不治。岁太商金胜，肝木
受邪，民病两胁下满，痛引少腹，目赤 疡，耳无所闻，胸痛引背，甚则喘咳逆气，肩背痛，尻
阴股膝髀 足皆痛，金气峻，生气下，草木敛，苍干凋陨，反 胁暴痛，不可反侧，咳逆甚而
血溢。太
冲绝者，死不治。岁太羽水胜，心火受邪，民病身热烦心躁悸，阴厥，上下皆寒，谵妄心痛。寒
气早至，甚则腹大胫肿，喘咳，寝汗出，憎风，大雨且至，埃雾朦郁，湿气变物，病反腹满肠鸣，
飧泄，食不化。神门绝者，死不治。
凡此五运太过之胜，由乎变也。变则胜至，有胜则后复之胜之，作病之蓄也。
五运不及，则其化减半，己所不胜，来兼其化。则如土不及而兼木化之数也。己所不胜来于
其胜，衰而受邪，屈伏不伸，求救于子，子报母仇，后复其过，随胜而复，病之作也。
不及五纪，木、火、土、金、水，委和、伏明、卑监、从革、涸流，其运风清热、热寒雨、
雨风凉、凉热寒、寒雨风，其灾宫，三、九、五、七、一，所谓运不及而兼其胜复之化也。
凡此定期，是以专明不及之运，非谓但逢阴干，便为不及。凡阴干之中，亦有平运，不可不
通。岁运不及，则
如此之化及灾也。
岁少角木衰，燥令大举，草木晚荣，肃杀而甚，甚则刚木辟着，柔萎苍干，民病中清， 胁
痛，少腹痛，侮反受邪，脾病肠鸣溏泄，金土并化，则凉雨时至。天刑克，木气失正，草木焦槁，
苍木再凋，火后则炎暑流行，湿性乃燥，柔脆草木焦槁，下体再生，华实齐化，病寒热疮疡痱疹
痈痤。白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物，虫食甘黄，脾反病也。岁少征火衰，寒气大举，物荣而
下，凝惨而甚，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，民病胸中痛，胁支满，胁下痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内
痛，郁冒瞀昧，心痛，暴喑，胁下与腰背相引而痛，屈不能伸，髋髀如裂。复则埃郁，大雨且至，
黑气乃辱，则病 溏，腹满，食饮不下，寒中肠鸣，注泄腹痛，暴挛痿痹，足不任身也。岁少宫
土衰，风气乃行，草木荣茂，飘扬而甚，秀不实，民病飧泄霍乱，体重腹痛，筋骨徭复，肌肉
酸。复则名木苍凋，病胸胁暴痛，下引少腹，善太息。虫食甘黄，民病食少失味，苍谷乃陨。
岁少商金衰，炎火乃行，生气乃用，庶物以茂，燥烁以行，民病肩背瞀肿，鼽衄，血便注下。复
则寒雨暴至，乃零冰雹霜雪杀物，阴厥且格，阳反上行，头脑户痛，延及脑顶，发热口疮，甚则
心痛也。岁少羽水衰，湿乃大行，长气反用，其化乃速，暑雨数至，民病腹满身重，濡泄，寒疡
流水，腰股痛发， 股膝不便，烦冤，足痿清厥，脚下痛，甚则 肿。复则大风暴发，草偃木
零，生长不鲜，面色时变，筋骨并
辟，肌肉 ，视KT KT ，物疏璺，肌肉胗发，气并膈中，痛于心腹。
凡此五运太过、不及，虽有常位，胜无必也。然有胜则复，无胜则否。亦有胜而不能复。以
其所在，推其至理，而可知也。
天地运行的规律，是以五运和阴阳作为变化的作用。所以医经说：在天表现为玄妙莫测，在人表现为大道法则，在地表现为化育万物。地之化育产生五味，人之道法产生智慧，天之玄妙产生神灵。在天为风、火（暑）、湿、燥、寒六种气候，在地为木、火、土、金、水五行物质。所以在天为气，在地成形，气与形相互感应，从而化生万物。
五气：风、暑、湿、燥、寒。
五行：木、火、土、金、水。
五星：岁星、荧惑星、镇星、太白星、辰星。
五音：角、徵、宫、商、羽。
五方：东、南、中、西、北。
五应（对应季节）：春、夏、长夏、秋、冬。
五化生气：生、长、化、收、藏。
五运平纪（正常状态）：敷和、升明、备化、审平、静顺。
五候气（气候特征）：端素、高茂、允平、凋凉、澄明。
五性（性质）：温暖而随顺、炎热而迅速、湿润宁静正直平坦、清凉而洁净、浩荡而下流。
五用（功能表现）：曲直摇动、燃烧灼热躁动、高大茂盛满溢化育、坚固成型散落、漫衍下流。
五虫：毛虫（兽类）、羽虫（鸟类）、倮虫（人类）、介虫（甲壳类）、鳞虫（鱼类）。
五畜：羊、马（相火化马，属火，辛味一）、牛、鸡、猪。
五谷：麻、麦、稷、稻、豆。
五果：李、杏、枣、桃、栗。
五菜：韭、薤、葵、葱、藿。（豆叶味道苦涩。）
五实（质地）：核、络、肉、壳、濡软。
五物（形态）：坚硬、脉络、皮肤、外表坚硬、濡软。
五色：青、赤、黄、白、黑。
五臭：臊、焦、香、腥、腐。
五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸。
五运成数：八、七、五、九、六。
五德：敷和、彰显、润泽、清洁、凄怆。
五化：生荣、蕃茂、丰盈、坚敛、清隘。
五政（施政特点）：发散舒启、明曜、安静、劲肃、清净。
五令（命令/气候表现）：和风温暖发动、暑热郁蒸、湿气云雨、燥湿雾气、雾露寒冷。
五变（变化）：震动拉折摧拔、销熔烧灼炎热、动荡骤降暴雨、肃杀惨凄、凛冽严凝。
五灾（灾害）：散落、焚烧、溃决倾覆、冰雪、霜雹。
五病（病变）：衰弱、急迫、（此处指相火运，夏季满闰变化，也属于君火化）、否塞、咳嗽、厥逆。
五脏神：魂、神、意、魄、精。
五脏：肝、心（以下皆由君火化生）、脾、肺、肾。
五志：怒、喜、思、悲、恐。
五官：目、舌、口、鼻、耳。
五脏开窍：目、耳（少火相清的原因）、口、鼻、溺（前阴）。
五脏主司：目、舌、口、鼻、二阴。
五养（滋养对象）：筋膜、血脉、肌肉、皮毛、骨髓。
五脏内应（内部关联）：胸胁、膺肋、心腹、膺胁腹背、腰下脊骨髓。
五脏外应（外部关联）：关节、经络、肌肉四肢、皮毛、溪谷蹄膝。
以上这些五行的化育，不是太过就是不及，以平衡为标准。生长化收藏，先后有序，各自尽守其德，就不会出现克制过度的情况。在生长的月份，五行化育宣通平和，不违背常态，这就是只有化育而没有变异的情况，称为事物发展到极盛阶段。医经说：事物生长叫做“化”，事物发展到极点叫做“变”。如果天道失常，疾病就会由此产生。例如木运太过而发生变异，风气大行，邪气淫溢侵犯脾土，导致湿化屈伏，这都是疾病。风木过极，自身也会生病。木不守其德，轻慢侮辱肺金，胜注脾土。土气屈伏，向子脏求救，子脏是金，子复母仇，则清气大举，燥令乃行，从而导致肝病。如果木运不及，则金来胜克，肝脏受邪气侮辱，反而说是因虚而病。金胜木，火复母仇，金反而生病。五星及万物，全都相应，人也同样如此。其余类推，可以推知。
所以医经说：五气确立，各有所先，不在其位则为邪气，在其位则为正气。疾病产生的变化，气相得则病轻微，不相得则病严重。主管岁运的，气有余则克制自己所胜的，气不足则自己所不胜的欺侮并乘袭它，自己所胜的轻慢欺侮它。欺侮反而受邪，是因为缺乏畏惧，这就是道理吗！五运太过的，与自己不胜之气齐同化，这是所谓木齐金化之类。复气则化育淳厚，其气变动，疾病由此产生。以胜衰者受邪，盛极过度，也同样是疾病。随着所胜之气的微小或严重，复气过甚反而招致祸害。
太过五纪：木曰发生，火曰赫曦，土曰敦阜，金曰坚成，水曰流衍。
辰戌年，上见羽运，其运为风、暑、阴埃、凉、寒肃。其化为鸣条启坼、暄暑郁燠、柔润重泽、雾露萧杀、凝惨凛冽。其变为振拉摧拔、炎烈沸腾、震惊飘骤、肃杀凋零、冰雪霜雹。其病为眩晕动摇、目瞑、热郁、湿重在下、燥、背部昏蒙胸满、大寒流于溪谷。
寅申年，上见徵运，其运为风鼓、暑、阴雨、凉、寒肃。其化为鸣条启坼、暄嚣郁燠、柔润重泽、雾露霜、凝惨栗冽。其变为振拉摧拔、炎烈沸腾、震惊飘骤，同前。其病为掉眩支胁惊骇、上热郁血溢血泄心痛、体重浮肿痞满饮、肩背胸中寒浮肿。
子午年，上见徵运，其运为风热、炎暑、阴雨、凉劲、寒。其化同前，暄曜郁燠、柔润时雨、雾露萧，其变同前。其病为支满、上热血溢、中满身重、下清、寒下。
凡是定期，以此疏理其纪，不必完全如此，因为有变动疾病的作用，所以其间也有不是太过的，推究可知。那些生病的情况，就是疾病产生的原因。例如岁运太角风胜，脾土受邪，百姓病飧泄食减、体重烦冤、肠鸣支满、忽忽善怒、眩晕巅疾。云物飞动，草木不宁，甚至摇落，反胁痛而呕吐严重。冲阳脉绝者，死。
岁太徵火胜，肺金受邪，百姓病疟疾、少气咳喘、血溢便泄、注下、咽燥耳聋、中热、肩背热，甚至胸中痛、胁支满、胁痛、膺背肩胛间痛、两臂内痛、身热肤痛而为浸淫疮。雨水霜寒，病反谵妄狂越、咳喘息鸣，下甚则血溢血泄不已。太渊脉绝者，死不治。
岁太宫土胜，肾水受邪，百姓病腹痛、清厥、意不乐、体重烦冤，甚至肌肉痿、足痿不收、行走困难、脚下痛、饮发、中满食减、四肢不收、反下甚。太溪脉绝者，死不治。
岁太商金胜，肝木受邪，百姓病两胁下满、痛引少腹、目赤疡、耳无所闻、胸痛引背，甚至喘咳逆气、肩背痛、尻阴股膝髀足皆痛，金气峻厉，生气下降，草木收敛，苍干凋陨，反胁暴痛，不可反侧，咳逆甚而血溢。太冲脉绝者，死不治。
岁太羽水胜，心火受邪，百姓病身热烦心躁悸、阴厥、上下皆寒、谵妄心痛。寒气早至，甚至腹大胫肿、喘咳、寝汗出、憎风、大雨且至、埃雾朦郁、湿气变物，病反腹满肠鸣、飧泄、食不化。神门脉绝者，死不治。
以上这五运太过的胜气，是由于变异产生的。变异则胜气至，有胜气则有后复之胜气，这是作病的蓄积。
五运不及，则其化减半，己所不胜之气，来兼取其化。例如土不及而兼木化的数量。己所不胜之气来到其所胜之处，因衰而受邪，屈伏不伸，求救于子，子报母仇，后复其过，随胜而复，疾病由此产生。
不及五纪：木委和、火伏明、土卑监、金从革、水涸流。其运为风清热、热寒雨、雨风凉、凉热寒、寒雨风。其灾为宫音对应的三、九、五、七、一数，这就是所谓运不及而兼其胜复之化。
凡是定期，专门阐明不及之运，并非说只要遇到阴干，就为不及。凡阴干之中，也有平运，不可不通晓。岁运不及，就有这样的化育及灾害。
岁少角木衰，燥令大举，草木晚荣，肃杀而甚，甚至刚木辟着、柔萎苍干，百姓病中清、胁痛、少腹痛，侮反受邪，脾病肠鸣溏泄，金土并化，则凉雨时至。天刑克，木气失正，草木焦槁，苍木再凋，火后则炎暑流行，湿性乃燥，柔脆草木焦槁，下体再生，华实齐化，病寒热疮疡痱疹痈痤。白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物，虫食甘黄，脾反病也。
岁少徵火衰，寒气大举，物荣而下，凝惨而甚，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，百姓病胸中痛、胁支满、胁下痛、膺背肩胛间痛、两臂内痛、郁冒瞀昧、心痛、暴喑、胁下与腰背相引而痛、屈不能伸、髋髀如裂。复则埃郁，大雨且至，黑气乃辱，则病溏、腹满、食饮不下、寒中肠鸣、注泄腹痛、暴挛痿痹、足不任身也。
岁少宫土衰，风气乃行，草木荣茂，飘扬而甚，秀不实，百姓病飧泄霍乱、体重腹痛、筋骨徭复、肌肉酸。复则名木苍凋，病胸胁暴痛，下引少腹，善太息。虫食甘黄，民病食少失味，苍谷乃陨。
岁少商金衰，炎火乃行，生气乃用，庶物以茂，燥烁以行，百姓病肩背瞀肿、鼽衄、血便注下。复则寒雨暴至，乃零冰雹霜雪杀物，阴厥且格，阳反上行，头脑户痛，延及脑顶，发热口疮，甚至心痛也。
岁少羽水衰，湿乃大行，长气反用，其化乃速，暑雨数至，百姓病腹满身重、濡泄、寒疡流水、腰股痛发、股膝不便、烦冤、足痿清厥、脚下痛，甚至肿。复则大风暴发，草偃木零，生长不鲜，面色时变，筋骨并辟，肌肉，视KT KT，物疏璺，肌肉胗发，气并膈中，痛于心腹。
以上这五运太过、不及，虽有常位，胜气没有必然的。然而有胜则有复，无胜则无复。也有有胜而不能复的。以其所在，推究其至理，就可以知道了。
The principles of heaven and earth utilize the Five Movements (Wuyun) and Yin-Yang as the function of change. Thus, the classics state: "In heaven it is profound mystery (Xuan), in humanity it is the Dao (Way), and on earth it is transformation (Hua). Transformation generates the five flavors, the Dao generates wisdom, and mystery generates spirit/divinity." In heaven are Wind, Fire (Shu/Heat), Dampness, Dryness, and Cold; on earth are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Therefore, in heaven there is Qi (Energy/Air), and on earth there is Form (Shape/Matter). The interaction between Qi and Form gives rise to all things.
Five Qi: Wind, Heat/Shu, Dampness, Dryness, Cold.
Five Elements (Wuxing): Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water.
Five Planets: Suisui (Jupiter), Yinghuo (Mars), Zhenshui (Saturn), Daibai (Venus), Chenxing (Mercury).
Five Tones: Jue, Zhi, Gong, Shang, Yu.
Five Directions: East, South, Central, West, North.
Five Correspondences (Seasons): Spring, Summer, Late Summer, Autumn, Winter.
Five Transformations of Generating Qi: Growth (Sheng), Flourishing (Zhang), Transformation/Assimilation (Hua), Harvesting (Shou), Storage (Cang).
Five Normal Movement Records: Fuhe (Spreading Harmony), Shengming (Ascending Brightness), Beihua (Complete Transformation), Shenping (Judicious Peace), Jingshun (Quiet Obedience).
Five Climate Signs: Duansu, Gaomao, Yunping, Diaoliang, Chengming.
Five Natures: Warm and compliant; Hot and rapid; Moist, quiet, upright, and level; Cool and pure; Vast and flowing downward.
Five Functions: Bending and straightening/shaking; Burning and scorching/restless; High and lush/full/transformational; Firm formation/scattering; Overflowing and flowing down.
Five Animals (Chong): Hairy (Mammals), Feathered (Birds), Naked (Humans), Armored (Reptiles/Crustaceans), Scaled (Fish).
Five Livestock: Sheep, Horse (Transformed by Ministerial Fire, belongs to Fire, Pungent flavor 1), Cow, Chicken, Pig.
Five Grains: Hemp, Wheat, Millet, Rice, Beans.
Five Fruits: Plum, Apricot, Jujube, Peach, Chestnut.
Five Vegetables: Leek, Scallion/Garlic chives, Mallow, Green Onion, Broad bean leaves. (Bean leaves have a bitter/astringent taste.)
Five Solids (Texture): Core, Network/Vein, Flesh, Shell, Soft/Damp.
Five Objects (Form): Hard, Veined, Skin, Externally hard, Soft/Damp.
Five Colors: Green/Blue, Red, Yellow, White, Black.
Five Odors: Fishy/Savory, Scorched/Burnt, Fragrant, Raw/Fishy, Rotten.
Five Flavors: Sour, Bitter, Sweet, Pungent, Salty.
Five Movement Completion Numbers: Eight, Seven, Five, Nine, Six.
Five Virtues: Spreading Harmony, Manifestation, Moistening/Nourishing, Cleaning/Purifying, Desolate/Chilly.
Five Transformations: Growth and Glory, Lushness, Abundance, Firmness and Contraction, Clarity and Narrowness.
Five Administrations: Dispersing and Opening, Illuminating, Quietude, Stern Severity, Purity and Tranquility.
Five Commands (Climate Manifestations): Gentle wind and warmth; Summer heat and stagnation; Damp clouds and rain; Dryness and mist/fog; Fog, dew, and cold.
Five Changes: Shaking, pulling, breaking, uprooting; Melting, scorching, blazing; Turbulent sudden rain; Severe killing and desolation; Biting cold and freezing.
Five Disasters: Scattering/Falling, Burning, Collapse/Overturning, Ice and Snow, Frost and Hail.
Five Diseases: Decline, Urgency/Emergency, (Here referring to Ministerial Fire movement, summer leap month changes, also belonging to Sovereign Fire transformation), Obstruction/Stagnation, Cough, Reversal/Jue.
Five Spirits of the Zang Organs: Hun (Ethereal Soul), Shen (Spirit), Yi (Intellect), Po (Corporeal Soul), Jing (Essence).
Five Zang Organs: Liver, Heart (Below all are transformations of Sovereign Fire), Spleen, Lung, Kidney.
Five Emotions (Zhi): Anger, Joy, Pensiveness, Grief, Fear.
Five Orifices: Eyes, Tongue, Mouth, Nose, Ears.
Five Openings of Zang Organs: Eyes, Ears (Due to the clearing nature of Ministerial Fire), Mouth, Nose, Urination (Anterior Yin).
Five Masters of Zang Organs: Eyes, Tongue, Mouth, Nose, Two Yin Orifices (Urethra and Anus).
Five Nourishments: Sinews/Tendons, Blood Vessels, Muscles, Skin/Hair, Bone Marrow.
Five Internal Correspondences: Chest and Hypochondrium, Pectoral and Ribs, Heart and Abdomen, Pectoral, Hypochondriac, Abdominal, Back, Lower Waist and Spinal Marrow.
Five External Correspondences: Joints, Collaterals/Vessels, Muscles and Limbs, Skin/Hair, Valleys (soft tissues) and Knees.
All these Five Transformations aim for balance, avoiding both excess and deficiency. The sequence of Growth, Flourishing, Transformation, Harvesting, and Storage follows its order, each fulfilling its virtue, so that excessive overcoming does not occur. During the months of growth, if the Five Transformations are open and peaceful, adhering to their norms without deviation, this is transformation without change, termed the peak of prosperity. The classics state: "Generation of things is called Transformation; when things reach the extreme, it is called Change." If the Heavenly Way loses its normalcy, disease arises from this. For instance, if Wood moves excessively and changes, Wind Qi prevails greatly, pathogenic factors invade and overwhelm Spleen Earth, causing Dampness transformation to be suppressed; all these are diseases. Extreme Wind-Wood causes self-disease. If Wood fails to uphold its virtue, it insults Lung Metal and overwhelms Spleen Earth. When Earth Qi is suppressed, it seeks help from its child element, which is Metal. The child avenges the mother, leading to a surge of Clear Qi and the prevalence of Dryness command, resulting in Liver disease. If Wood is deficient, Metal overcomes it, and the Liver suffers pathogenic insult, described as disease due to deficiency. When Metal overcomes Wood, Fire avenges the mother, and Metal becomes diseased. The Five Stars and all things respond accordingly, and humans follow suit. The rest can be deduced similarly.
Thus, the classics state: "When the Five Qi are established, each has its precedence. If not in its proper position, it is pathogenic; if in its proper position, it is healthy." Regarding the variations of disease generation: if Qi are compatible, the disease is mild; if incompatible, it is severe. The ruler of the annual movement: if Qi is in excess, it controls what it normally overcomes; if deficient, what normally overcomes it insults and rides upon it, and what it normally overcomes lightly insults it. Insulting others may lead to receiving pathogenic factors oneself, due to a lack of fear—is this not the way? When the Five Movements are excessive, they transform into the nature of what they cannot overcome; this is referred to as Wood transforming into Metal-like characteristics. When a counteracting force (Fu) occurs, the transformation becomes pure, but its Qi moves and changes, causing disease. Those who suffer from overcoming weakness receive pathogens; those who are overly strong reach an extreme and also fall ill. Depending on the severity of the overcome element, an excessive counteracting force may instead invite disaster.
The Five Records of Excess: Wood is called Fa Sheng (Initiating Generation); Fire is called He Xi (Blazing Radiance); Earth is called Dun Fu (Piled High); Metal is called Jian Cheng (Firm Formation); Water is called Liu Yan (Flowing Overflow).
In Chen and Xu years, with Upper Yu (Water) movement, the movements are Wind, Heat, Yin Mist, Coolness, Cold Severity. Their transformations include rustling branches opening, warm heat stagnation, soft moist heavy dew, foggy dew killing, and freezing bleakness. Their changes involve shaking, breaking, uprooting, blazing boiling, startling gusts, severe killing, and ice/snow/hail. Diseases include dizziness/trembling, eye closure/blindness, heat stagnation, heaviness of dampness below, dryness, back cloudiness/chest fullness, and great cold flowing into the valleys.
In Yin and Shen years, with Upper Zhi (Fire) movement, the movements are Wind Drumming, Heat, Rain Clouds, Coolness, Cold Severity. Their transformations are similar to above. Their changes are identical. Diseases include trembling/dizziness, hypochondriac distension/startle, upper heat stagnation, blood overflow/bleeding, heart pain, body weight/edema/phlegm-fluid, shoulder/back/chest cold edema.
In Zi and Wu years, with Upper Zhi (Fire) movement, the movements are Wind-Heat, Blazing Summer Heat, Rain Clouds, Cool Strength, Cold. Transformations and changes are similar. Diseases include limb fullness, upper hot blood overflow, middle body heaviness, lower clear/cold, and cold descending.
Generally, regular periods allow for smoothing out the records, not necessarily always occurring as such, because there are uses for variable diseases. Thus, among them, some are not excessive, which can be deduced. The sick conditions are where disease arises. For example, if the year is Tai Jue (Excessive Wood) with Wind prevailing, Spleen Earth receives evil, and people suffer from undigested food diarrhea, reduced appetite, body heaviness, vexation, intestinal rumbling, limb fullness, irritability/anger, dizziness, and head diseases. Clouds and objects fly and move, grass and trees do not settle, and severely, they shake and fall, reversing to hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting. If the Chongyang pulse is absent, death ensues.
If the year is Tai Zhi (Excessive Fire) with Fire prevailing, Lung Metal receives evil, and people suffer from malaria, shortness of breath, cough/wheezing, blood overflow/bleeding, profuse diarrhea, throat dryness, deafness, central heat, shoulder/back heat, and severely, chest pain, hypochondriac distension/pain, pectoral/back/scapular pain, inner arm pain, body heat, skin pain, and spreading sores. With rain/frost/cold, diseases reverse to delirium/manic behavior, cough/wheezing/rhonchi, and severely, continuous blood overflow/bleeding. If the Taiyuan pulse is absent, death is incurable.
If the year is Tai Gong (Excessive Earth) with Earth prevailing, Kidney Water receives evil, and people suffer from abdominal pain, cold reversal, unhappiness, body heaviness/vexation, and severely, muscle atrophy, foot atrophy/inability to hold, walking difficulties, sole pain, fluid accumulation, central fullness/reduced appetite, four limbs inability to hold, and severe lower symptoms. If the Taixi pulse is absent, death is incurable.
If the year is Tai Shang (Excessive Metal) with Metal prevailing, Liver Wood receives evil, and people suffer from bilateral hypochondriac fullness, pain radiating to the lower abdomen, red eyes/ulcers, hearing loss, chest pain radiating to the back, and severely, wheezing/cough/reverse Qi, shoulder/back pain, buttock/genital/thigh/knee/thigh/foot pain. Metal Qi is harsh, generating Qi descends, grass/trees gather/constrict, green/dry/fallen. Reversing to acute hypochondriac pain, inability to turn side-to-side, severe cough/reverse Qi, and blood overflow. If the Taichong pulse is absent, death is incurable.
If the year is Tai Yu (Excessive Water) with Water prevailing, Heart Fire receives evil, and people suffer from body heat, vexation, palpitations, Yin reversal, cold above and below, delirium, and heart pain. Cold Qi arrives early, and severely, abdominal distension/calf swelling, cough/wheezing, night sweats, aversion to wind, heavy rain approaching, dusty fog stagnation, dampness altering things. Diseases reverse to abdominal fullness/intestinal rumbling, undigested food diarrhea, indigestion. If the Shenmen pulse is absent, death is incurable.
All these Five Movements' excessive overcoming arise from change. Change leads to the arrival of overcoming Qi; having overcoming Qi leads to subsequent counteracting overcoming Qi, which accumulates to cause disease.
When the Five Movements are deficient, their transformation is halved, and the element that normally overcomes them takes over their transformation. For example, Earth deficiency incorporates the number of Wood transformation. The element that normally overcomes comes to where it overcomes; due to deficiency, it receives evil, is suppressed and unable to extend, seeks help from its child, the child avenges the mother, subsequently exceeding in its counteraction, following the overcoming to counteract, and disease arises.
The Five Records of Deficiency: Wood Weihe (Lagging Harmony), Fire Fuming (Hidden Brightness), Earth Beijian (Low Supervision), Metal Congge (Following Reform), Water Heliu (Dried Flow). Their movements are Wind-Clearing-Heat, Heat-Cold-Rain, Rain-Wind-Cool, Cool-Heat-Cold, Cold-Rain-Wind. Their disasters correspond to the Gong tone numbers 3, 9, 5, 7, 1. This is referred to as movement deficiency incorporating the transformation of overcoming and counteracting.
Regular periods specifically clarify deficient movements, not implying that encountering a Yin Stem automatically means deficiency. Among Yin Stems, there are also Ping (Normal) movements, which must be understood. Yearly movements being deficient result in such transformations and disasters.
In years of Shao Jue (Deficient Wood), Dryness command prevails greatly, grass/trees bloom late, severe killing occurs, even rigid wood breaks, soft ones wither and turn gray/dry. People suffer from internal cold, hypochondriac pain, lower abdominal pain. Insulting others leads to receiving evil; Spleen disease causes intestinal rumbling/loose stools. Metal and Earth combine transformations, bringing cool rain. Heaven punishes/clashes, Wood Qi loses correctness, grass/trees scorch, gray wood falls again. After Fire, summer heat prevails, Damp nature becomes Dry, soft/brittle grass/trees scorch, lower body regenerates, flowers/fruits transform together. Diseases include cold/heat, sores, impetigo, carbuncles. White Dew descends early, harvesting killing Qi acts, cold rain harms things, insects eat sweet/yellow foods, Spleen reversely suffers disease.
In years of Shao Zhi (Deficient Fire), Cold Qi prevails greatly, things flourish then decline, bleakness is severe, Yang Qi fails to transform, destroying glory/beauty. People suffer from chest pain, hypochondriac distension/pain, pectoral/back/scapular pain, inner arm pain, depression/cloudiness/confusion, heart pain, sudden aphonia, hypochondriac/lower back pulling pain, inability to bend/extend, hip/thigh feeling like splitting. Counteraction brings dust/stagnation, heavy rain approaches, Black Qi humiliates, leading to loose stools, abdominal fullness, inability to eat/drink, cold center/intestinal rumbling, profuse diarrhea/abdominal pain, acute spasms/atrophy/numbness, feet unable to bear weight.
In years of Shao Gong (Deficient Earth), Wind Qi acts, grass/trees flourish, swaying severely, flowering but not fruiting. People suffer from undigested food diarrhea, cholera, body heaviness/abdominal pain, bone/tendon fatigue/repetition, muscle soreness. Counteraction causes famous trees to wither, acute hypochondriac pain, lower pulling to lower abdomen, frequent sighing. Insects eat sweet/yellow foods, people suffer from poor appetite/loss of taste, gray grains fall.
In years of Shao Shang (Deficient Metal), Blazing Fire acts, Generating Qi is used, myriad things flourish, Dryness/Scorching acts. People suffer from shoulder/back cloudiness/swelling, runny nose/epistaxis, bloody stool/profuse diarrhea. Counteraction brings sudden cold rain, hail/snow kills things, Yin reversal and blocking, Yang reverses upward, headache extending to crown, fever/mouth ulcers, severely heart pain.
In years of Shao Yu (Deficient Water), Dampness prevails greatly, Long (Growth) Qi reversely acts, transformation is rapid, summer rain arrives frequently. People suffer from abdominal fullness/body heaviness, soft diarrhea, cold sores with flowing fluid, thigh/gene/knee inconvenience, vexation, foot atrophy/cold reversal, sole pain, severely swelling. Counteraction brings great storms, grass bends/trees lose leaves, growth is not fresh, face color changes intermittently, bones/tendons contract, muscles [affected], vision [blurred], objects have cracks, muscles develop rashes, Qi merges in diaphragm, pain in heart/abdomen.
All these Five Movements' excess and deficiency, though having fixed positions, do not guarantee overcoming. However, if there is overcoming, there is counteraction; if no overcoming, no counteraction. There are also cases of overcoming without counteraction. By examining their locations and deducing their ultimate principles, one can know them.