辛咸气温，善走经络，为痛风、顽痹专药。色深黑，俗名铁脚威灵仙。砂糖入酒煎
治骨哽颇验。
甘微苦寒，入心肝而定惊平热；专除目眩，舒筋，为肝气相火专药。藤细钩多者良
煎则无力。
即缠枝牡丹。性味甘辛，力能补劳续筋。汁滴伤处，渣敷其上，日三易，半月，断筋
续。
（水草 石草 苔类）
甘咸微寒，入膀胱而兼入肾脏，泻湿热、利小便，为阴分湿热专药。肾虚无湿者忌
泽泻，木通俱是利药。但泽泻泻相火湿热，木通泻心火湿热为不同。
辛苦性温，芳香气散，力能通心利窍，开郁豁痰，为惊痫气闭专药。取根用。血气不足
者忌。
性味甘平，入厥阴血分；生用则性滑而通经破瘀，炒黑则性涩而止血定崩。无瘀勿服
性味辛寒，轻浮入肺，力能发汗祛风，利水消肿。非有风湿热邪，不可混施。
功同海藻，而稍滑利，性更雄烈，多服令人瘦。
性味甘淡，微咸微寒，平胃气而除虚热，益肾阴而安神志，为胃虚挟热伤阴专药。
山者，功用相仿，兼能开胃。鲜者大寒，尤能泄热益阴。味苦、梗方、质硬者，名木斛
堪用。
【威灵仙】
味辛、咸，性温，善于通行经络，是治疗痛风和顽固性痹证的专用药物。颜色深黑，俗称铁脚威灵仙。用砂糖入酒煎服，治疗骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉）非常有效。
【钩藤】
味甘、微苦，性寒，入心、肝二经，能定惊平热；专门消除目眩，舒缓筋脉，是调理肝气与相火的专用药物。以藤蔓细、钩多者为佳。煎煮则药效减弱。
【使君子】
性味甘温，入脾、胃二经，能健运脾气，消除积滞，杀虫，是治疗虫积腹痛的专用药物。
【续断】
即缠枝牡丹。性味甘、辛，力量能够补益劳损，接续筋骨。将汁液滴在受伤处，药渣敷在上面，每天更换三次，半个月后，断裂的筋即可愈合。
【爵床】
一名爵梅叶。性味酸寒，治疗乳痈（乳腺炎）、便毒（肛门周围脓肿）有效。
（水草、石草、苔类）
【泽泻】
味甘、咸，性微寒，入膀胱经并兼入肾经，能泻湿热、利小便，是治疗阴分湿热的专用药物。肾虚无湿者忌用。泽泻、木通都是利水渗湿药，但泽泻泻的是相火湿热，木通泻的是心火湿热，二者不同。
【石菖蒲】
味辛、苦，性温，芳香气散，力量能通心窍、利九窍，开郁结、豁痰浊，是治疗惊痫气闭的专用药物。取根部使用。血气不足者忌用。
【生地黄/熟地黄相关描述】
性味甘平，入厥阴肝经血分；生用则性质滑利，能通经破瘀；炒黑后性质涩滞，能止血定崩。没有瘀血者勿服。
【麻黄】
性味辛寒，质地轻浮入肺经，力量能发汗祛风，利水消肿。如果不是风湿热邪所致，不可随意施用。
【昆布】
味苦、咸，性寒，能软坚散结，涤除热邪，消除瘿瘤，是治疗瘰疬（淋巴结核）的专用药物。
【海金沙/或其他藻类】
功效同海藻，但稍显滑利，性质更雄烈，多服使人消瘦。
【石斛】
性味甘、淡，微咸、微寒，能平复胃气而清除虚热，益补肾阴而安神志，是治疗胃虚挟热伤阴的专用药物。产于山中的石斛，功用相似，兼能开胃。鲜品大寒，尤其能泄热益阴。味苦、梗方、质硬者，名为木斛，不堪药用。
[Weilingxian (Clematis Root)]
Pungent and salty in flavor, warm in nature, it excels at coursing through the meridians and collaterals. It is a specific drug for gout and stubborn bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome). Its color is deep black, commonly known as Tieji Weilingxian (Iron-foot Clematis). Decocted with rock sugar in wine, it is quite effective for treating bone fishbone impaction.
[Gouteng (Uncaria Rhynchophylla)]
Sweet and slightly bitter in flavor, cold in nature, it enters the Heart and Liver channels to calm fright and reduce heat. It specifically eliminates dizziness, relaxes sinews, and is a specific drug for regulating Liver Qi and Ministerial Fire. Vines that are thin with many hooks are of better quality. Decoction results in weakened efficacy.
[Shijunzi (Quisqualis Fruit)]
Sweet in flavor and warm in nature, it enters the Spleen and Stomach channels to strengthen and transport Spleen Qi, eliminate accumulation, and kill parasites. It is a specific drug for abdominal pain caused by intestinal parasites.
[Xuduan (Dipsacus Root)]
Also known as Chanzhi Mudan. Sweet and pungent in flavor, its strength can tonify exhaustion and reconnect sinews and bones. Drip the juice onto the injured area and apply the dregs on top, changing three times a day. After half a month, severed sinews will heal.
[Jueshuo (Strobilanthes Crispa / or related herb)*]
Also named Juomeiye. Sour and cold in flavor, it is effective for treating mammary abscess and perianal abscess.
(Water plants, Stone plants, Moss-like herbs)
[Zexie (Alisma Rhizome)]
Sweet and salty in flavor, slightly cold in nature, it enters the Bladder channel and concurrently enters the Kidney channel. It drains damp-heat and promotes urination, making it a specific drug for damp-heat in the Yin aspect. It is contraindicated for those with Kidney deficiency without dampness. Both Zexie and Mutong are diuretic drugs. However, Zexie drains damp-heat from Ministerial Fire, while Mutong drains damp-heat from Heart Fire; they differ in this regard.
[Shichangpu (Acorus Rhizome)]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, warm in nature, aromatic and dispersing. Its strength can unblock the Heart and benefit the orifices, open depression, and resolve phlegm turbidity. It is a specific drug for fright epilepsy due to Qi closure. Use the root. Contraindicated for those with insufficient Blood and Qi.
[Sheng Dihuang / Shu Dihuang context]*
Sweet and neutral in flavor, it enters the Jueyin (Liver) Blood aspect. When used raw, its nature is slippery, promoting menstruation and breaking blood stasis; when stir-fried until charred, its nature becomes astringent, stopping bleeding and stabilizing metrorrhagia. Do not use if there is no blood stasis.
[Mahuang (Ephedra Herb)]
Pungent and cold in flavor, light and floating, entering the Lung channel. Its strength induces sweating to dispel wind and promotes urination to reduce edema. It should not be indiscriminately administered unless there is Wind-Damp-Heat pathogenic factor.
[Kunbu (Kelp Thallus)]
Bitter and salty in flavor, cold in nature, it softens hardness and breaks up accumulations, clears heat, and reduces goiter. It is a specific drug for scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis).
[Haisao (Sargassum Thallus)]
Slightly neutral in nature, it descends water and reduces goiter, with effects similar to Kunbu.
[Haishajia / Other Algae]*
Effects similar to Kunbu, but slightly more lubricating, with a more vigorous nature. Overconsumption leads to emaciation.
[Shihu (Dendrobium Stem)]
Sweet and bland in flavor, slightly salty and cold in nature. It harmonizes Stomach Qi and removes deficient heat, nourishes Kidney Yin and calms the Spirit. It is a specific drug for Stomach deficiency complicated by Heat damaging Yin. Mountain-grown Shihu has similar functions and additionally opens the appetite. Fresh Shihu is very cold, especially capable of clearing heat and benefiting Yin. Those that are bitter, have square stems, and hard texture are named Muhu and are unsuitable for medicinal use.