味苦甘。性平。无毒。禀火土之气以生。降也。阴中阳也。香附为使。
【主治】主行瘀血。血闭。症瘕。（本经） 止咳逆上气。消心下坚硬。除猝暴击血。
通
月水
热燥痒
【归经】入肝心包二经。为破血润燥之品。（二经血分药 苦能泄血滞甘能缓肝气而生
新
血）
【前论】陈承曰。行血。连皮尖生用。润燥去皮尖炒用。俱研碎。
【禁忌】经疏曰。桃仁散而不收。泻而无补。过用或不当。能使血下不止。损伤真阴。
故凡
味甘微酸。性寒。无毒。得西方金气以生。降也。阴也。
【主治】主客热。中风不语。治伤寒热发。解丹石热气。惊邪。利大小便。（开宝） 热
嗽。
胸中
【归经】入心肺二经。兼入肝胃二经。为消痰降火。清热解毒之品。
【前论】时珍曰。梨能治风热。凉心润肺。降火消痰。皆其功也。今人痰病火病。十居
六七
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡肺寒咳嗽。脾家泄泻腹痛。冷积寒痰痰饮。产后痘后胃冷呕吐。及
西北
味甘酸。性温。无毒。禀木气而生。降也。阴也。
【主治】主消食积。化宿滞。行结气。除积块痰块血块。健脾开膈。疗痢疾。（医鉴） 止
儿枕作痛。发小儿痘疹。（备要）
【归经】入脾经。为破气消积。散瘀化痰之品。（专去腥膻油腻之积与麦芽消谷积不同）
【前论】士瀛曰。自丹溪始着山楂之功。而后遂为要药。核亦有力。化食磨积。 宁原
曰。
多食令人嘈烦易饥。反伐脾胃生发之气。盖以破泄太过。中气受伤也。
【禁忌】经疏曰。脾虚不运。及胃家无食积。均忌。如脾胃虚。兼有积滞。当与补药同
施。
【桃仁】
味苦、甘。性平。无毒。禀受火土之气而生。药势主降。属阴中涵阳之品。常以香附为引经使药。
【主治】主要功效为行散瘀血，治疗血闭不通，以及症瘕积聚。（出自《本经》）此外还能止咳逆上气，消除心下痞硬坚满，祛除猝然击打导致的瘀血。
【归经】入肝经和心包经。属于破血润燥的药物。（这两经的血分药，苦味能泄除血滞，甘味能缓和肝气并滋生新血）
【前论】陈承说：用于行血时，连皮和尖生用；用于润燥时，去皮和尖炒用。使用时都要研碎。
【禁忌】缪希雍（《本草经疏》作者）说：桃仁性质散而不收，泻实而无补益。过量使用或不恰当使用，可能导致血液下行不止，损伤真阴。因此凡是……
【梨】
味甘、微酸。性寒。无毒。得西方金气而生。药势主降。属纯阴之品。
【主治】主要治疗客热（外感热邪），中风失语，治疗伤寒发热，解除丹石类药物引起的热气，惊邪，通利大小便。（出自《开宝本草》）还能治疗热嗽，缓解胸中……
【归经】入心经和肺经，兼入肝经和胃经。属于消痰降火、清热解毒的药物。
【前论】李时珍说：梨能治疗风热，凉心润肺，降火消痰，这些都是它的功效。现在人的痰病和火病，十有六七……
【禁忌】缪希雍（《本草经疏》作者）说：凡是肺寒咳嗽，脾虚泄泻腹痛，冷积寒痰及痰饮，产后或痘后胃冷呕吐，以及西北……
【山楂】
味甘、酸。性温。无毒。禀木气而生。药势主降。属纯阴之品。
【主治】主要功效为消化食积，化解宿食停滞，行散结聚之气，消除积块、痰块、血块，健脾开胃，治疗痢疾。（出自《医鉴》）还能缓解儿枕痛（产后腹痛），促进小儿痘疹发出。（出自《备要》）
【归经】入脾经。属于破气消积、散瘀化痰的药物。（专门去除腥膻油腻的积滞，与麦芽消除谷食积滞不同）
【前论】士瀛说：自朱丹溪开始著述山楂的功效后，它便成为重要药物。其核也有药效，能化食磨积。宁原说：
多吃令人心中嘈杂烦闷且容易饥饿，反而损害脾胃生发之气。这是因为破泄太过，导致中气受伤。
【禁忌】缪希雍（《本草经疏》作者）说：脾虚不运化，以及胃中没有食积者，均忌用。如果脾胃虚弱兼有积滞，应当与补益药同用。
[Peach Kernel]
Taste: Bitter, Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is generated by inheriting the Qi of Fire and Earth. Its action descends. It belongs to the category of Yin containing Yang. It often uses Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu) as a guiding herb.
[Indications] Mainly functions to move and dissipate blood stasis, treat amenorrhea due to blood obstruction, and masses such as Zheng-Jia (abdominal masses). (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Additionally, it can stop cough with reverse flow of Qi, eliminate hardness and fullness in the epigastrium, and remove sudden traumatic blood stasis.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Pericardium meridians. It is a substance that breaks blood stasis and moistens dryness. (Medicines for the blood aspect of these two meridians; Bitter taste can drain blood stagnation, Sweet taste can soothe Liver Qi and generate new blood.)
[Preceding Discussions] Chen Cheng stated: For moving blood, use raw kernel with skin and tip; for moistening dryness, use stir-fried kernel without skin and tip. In both cases, grind into powder before use.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (author of *Bencao Jing Shu*) stated: Peach Kernel scatters but does not consolidate, drains excess but does not tonify. Overuse or improper use may cause continuous downward bleeding and damage True Yin. Therefore, whenever...
[Pear]
Taste: Sweet, slightly Sour. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is generated by receiving the Metal Qi of the West. Its action descends. It belongs to pure Yin.
[Indications] Mainly treats external heat pathogens, aphasia due to wind-stroke, fever due to cold damage, resolves heat from Dushi (mineral pills), fright-evil, and promotes urination and defecation. (From *Kaibao Bencao*) It also treats hot coughs and relieves chest...
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart and Lung meridians, and additionally enters the Liver and Stomach meridians. It is a substance that eliminates phlegm, directs fire downward, clears heat, and detoxifies.
[Preceding Discussions] Li Shizhen stated: Pear can treat wind-heat, cool the Heart and moisten the Lungs, direct fire downward and eliminate phlegm; these are all its merits. Nowadays, six or seven out of ten cases of phlegm diseases and fire diseases...
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (author of *Bencao Jing Shu*) stated: Whenever there is cold-cough due to Lung cold, diarrhea and abdominal pain due to Spleen deficiency, cold accumulation, cold-phlegm, and fluid retention, vomiting due to cold stomach after childbirth or smallpox, and in Northwest...
[Hawthorn Fruit]
Taste: Sweet, Sour. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is generated by inheriting the Wood Qi. Its action descends. It belongs to pure Yin.
[Indications] Mainly functions to digest food accumulation, resolve retained stagnation, move stagnant Qi, eliminate masses of accumulation, phlegm, and blood, strengthen the Spleen, open the diaphragm, and treat dysentery. (From *Yijian*) It can also relieve postpartum abdominal pain (Erzhen pain) and promote the eruption of childhood smallpox/rashes. (From *Beiyao*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Spleen meridian. It is a substance that breaks Qi stagnation, eliminates accumulation, disperses blood stasis, and transforms phlegm. (Specifically removes accumulations of greasy and fishy foods, which differs from Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) which eliminates grain accumulations.)
[Preceding Discussions] Shi Ying stated: Since Zhu Danxi first documented the merits of Hawthorn Fruit, it has become an essential medicine. The seed also has efficacy, capable of resolving food and grinding away accumulation. Ning Yuan stated:
Excessive consumption causes mental restlessness and irritability with easy hunger, instead damaging the generating Qi of the Spleen and Stomach. This is because the breaking and draining action is too excessive, injuring the Middle Qi.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (author of *Bencao Jing Shu*) stated: Contraindicated in cases of Spleen deficiency with poor transportation, and when there is no food accumulation in the Stomach. If Spleen and Stomach are deficient yet accompanied by accumulation, it should be administered together with tonifying medicines.