味酸咸。微甘。性收。无毒。
【主治】主清肺化痰定嗽。解热生津止渴。收湿消酒。乌须发。止下血。久痢脱肛。牙
齿
【归经】入心肺二经。为收摄之品。
【前论】汪颖曰。功与五倍子同。但经酿造。其体轻虚。其性浮收。且味带余甘。治上
焦心
以上涩剂虫部
徐之才曰。燥可去湿。桑白皮、赤小豆之属是也。 王好古曰。湿有在上。在中。在下。
在
病
而黄连、黄柏、栀子
之类。为燥剂也乎。
味苦。性温。无毒。可升可降。阴中阳也。忌同白术。
【主治】主风寒湿痹死肌。痉疸。（本经） 主头痛。消痰水。逐皮间风水结肿。除心
下
急满
热。止
（大明）
湿痰留饮。
【归经】入脾胃肺大小肠五经。为祛风除湿。升阳散郁之品。（兼宣剂兼补剂）
【前论】东垣曰。苍术别有雄壮上行之气。能除湿下安太阴。使邪气不得传入于脾。以
其经
略同
者须
【禁忌】经疏曰。二术凡病属阴虚血少。精不足。内热骨蒸。口干唇燥。咳嗽吐痰。吐
血鼻
味辛。性温。有小毒。禀火气多金气少而生。可升可降。阴中阳也。忌食牛乳、牛肉。
【主治】主心腹冷气不能食。腰脚风冷挛痹不能引。丈夫虚劳。老人失溺。无子。益阳
道。
倦。（
【归经】入命门经。兼入肝心包二经。为补火之品。（兼补剂宣而能补）
【前论】许真君曰。命门真阳之火。即先天祖气。天非此火不能生物。人非此火不能有
生。
上
【炮制】雷公曰。清水洗。竹刀刮去皮。切豆许大。糯米泔浸去赤汁。酒拌。蒸半日。
曝干
【性味】味道酸、咸，略带甘味。药性具有收敛作用。无毒。
【主治】主要功效为清肺化痰、止咳定喘。解除热邪、生津止渴。收敛湿气、消解酒毒。使头发变黑。止血（下部出血）。治疗久痢导致的脱肛和牙齿松动/疼痛。
【前论】汪颖说：其功效与五倍子相同，但经过酿造工艺后，其质地轻虚，药性浮而兼收，且味道带有回甘。治疗上焦心肺……（原文此处截断）
以上为涩剂虫部。
徐之才说：燥能去湿。桑白皮、赤小豆这类药物就是代表。王好古说：湿邪有在上焦、在中焦、在下焦之分。……病……而黄连、黄柏、栀子之类，属于燥剂吗？
【性味】味道苦。药性温。无毒。药势可升可降，属于阴中之阳。忌与白术同用。
【主治】主要功效为治疗风寒湿痹引起的肌肉枯死僵硬、痉挛黄疸。（出自《本经》）治疗头痛。消除痰饮积水。驱逐皮肤间风水结聚形成的肿胀。清除心下急满的热感。止血（大明）。治疗湿痰留饮。
【归经】入脾、胃、肺、大肠、小肠五经。属于祛风除湿、升阳散郁的药物。（兼具宣散剂和补剂的功效）
【前论】李东垣说：苍术具有雄壮上行的气机，能祛除下焦湿气并安定太阴脾土，使邪气不得传入脾脏。以其经脉……大致相同……需要……
【禁忌】缪希雍（经疏作者）说：二术（苍术、白术）凡属阴虚血少、精气不足、内热骨蒸、口干唇燥、咳嗽吐痰、吐血鼻衄等病症，均须慎用或禁用。
【性味】味道辛。药性温。有小毒。禀受火气多、金气少而生。药势可升可降，属于阴中之阳。忌食牛奶、牛肉。
【主治】主要功效为治疗心腹冷气导致不能进食。腰脚风冷引起的挛缩痹痛导致无法牵引活动。男子虚劳。老人遗尿。无子嗣。补益阳气之道。缓解疲倦。（……）
【归经】入命门经。兼入肝经和心包经。属于补火助阳的药物。（兼具补剂，宣散而能补益）
【前论】许真君说：命门的真阳之火，即是先天的祖气。天没有此火不能化生万物，人没有此火不能维持生命。……上……
【炮制】雷公说：用清水清洗。用竹刀刮去外皮。切成豆粒大小。用糯米泔水浸泡以去除红色汁液。用酒拌润。蒸半天。晒干。
[Properties and Flavor] Sour and salty, with a slight sweet taste. The nature is astringent. Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily clears the lungs, resolves phlegm, and stops coughing. Relieves heat, generates fluids, and quenches thirst. Astringes dampness and dissipates alcohol toxicity. Darkens hair. Stops lower body bleeding. Treats chronic dysentery leading to rectal prolapse and loose teeth.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart and Lung meridians. It is an astringent and consolidating substance.
[Preliminary Discussion] Wang Ying stated: Its efficacy is similar to that of Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi), but after fermentation, its texture becomes light and void, its nature floats while retaining astringency, and it has a lingering sweet aftertaste. It treats the Upper Jiao Heart... [Text cuts off here].
Above are the Astringent Agents from the Insect Category.
Xu Zhicai stated: Dryness can eliminate dampness. Examples include Baihua Sangye (Cortex Mori Radicis) and Xiaodou Chi (Semen Phaseoli Rubri). Wang Haogu stated: Dampness may be located in the Upper, Middle, or Lower Jiao... disease... Are Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis, Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri, and Zhizi Fructus Gardeniae considered dry agents?
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter. Warm. Non-toxic. Can ascend and descend; it is Yang within Yin. Contraindicated for simultaneous use with Baizhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.
[Indications] Primarily treats Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness resulting in necrotic muscle tissue, spasms, and jaundice. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Treats headache. Eliminates phlegm-fluid retention. Drives out wind-water accumulation and swelling under the skin. Clears heat causing urgency and fullness below the heart. Stops bleeding (from *Bencao Mingyi Lu*). Treats retained damp-phlegm and fluid retention.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Spleen, Stomach, Lung, Large Intestine, and Small Intestine meridians. It is a substance that dispels wind, eliminates dampness, raises Yang, and scatters depression. (Functions as both a Diffusing Agent and a Tonifying Agent).
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Dongyuan stated: Cangzhu Rhizoma Atractylodis has a vigorous ascending Qi. It can eliminate dampness in the lower part and stabilize the Taiyin Spleen, preventing pathogenic factors from invading the Spleen. Regarding its meridian... roughly similar... requires...
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong (*Jingshu*) stated: For Ershu (Cangzhu Rhizoma Atractylodis and Baizhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), they must be avoided in cases of Yin deficiency with blood scarcity, insufficiency of essence, internal heat with steaming bone sensation, dry mouth and lips, cough with expectoration, hematemesis, and epistaxis.
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent. Warm. Slightly toxic. Born with abundant Fire Qi and scarce Metal Qi. Can ascend and descend; it is Yang within Yin. Contraindicated with milk and beef.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold qi in the heart and abdomen causing inability to eat. Treats wind-cold in the waist and legs causing spasmodic bi syndrome and inability to move limbs. Treats male consumptive disease (Xu Lao). Treats elderly urinary incontinence. Treats infertility. Benefits the Dao of Yang. Relieves fatigue. (...)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Mingmen (Gate of Life) meridian. Also enters the Liver and Pericardium meridians. It is a substance that tonifies Fire. (Functions as a Tonifying Agent, diffusing yet tonifying).
[Preliminary Discussion] Xu Zhenjun stated: The true Yang fire of the Mingmen is the primordial ancestral Qi. Heaven cannot generate living things without this fire; humans cannot sustain life without this fire. ...Upper...
[Processing] Lei Gong stated: Wash with clear water. Scrape off the skin with a bamboo knife. Cut into pieces the size of beans. Soak in rice wash water to remove red juice. Mix with wine. Steam for half a day. Sun-dry.