〔海〕小儿 疹初发，未能辨认间，但求所出之由，因内因外及不因外内，随其
所伤，如法服饵，防其变故，抑其盛气，比之他证，尤不可缓。或发或泻，或解其
肌，或化其毒，求其所起之由，凉血清肺，调其脏腑，平其饮食，谨其禁忌，严其
养摄，适其寒温，将理有法，俾尽其道，使出无不快之经，成无不痂之溃，既愈之
后，不致游毒流汗虚腠，目疾膜翳，疮疖痈瘤，喉闭嗌肿，潮热汗泄，此治 之大
略也。（海藏所谓 即痘也非心为 之 ）又云∶外者外治，内者内治，中外皆和，其 自出。
至于恶寒者发之，表大热者夺之，渴者清之，大便秘结者下之，小便不通者利之，
惊者安之，泄者分之，可以执一为哉？大抵伤寒同治，随经用药，最为高论。假令
五日已里，诸病与 疹不能辨别者，不可疑作 疹，必须发之，但各从其所伤应见
治之，皆不妨 出，若强发之，其变不可胜数矣。如外伤，升麻汤主之。内伤，
枳实丸主之。大便 者，枳术丸主之。若伤冷者温之，神应丸。恶寒者发之，
宜防风苍术汤。表大热者，夺之，此表者，通言三阳也，夫阳盛者，气必上行，
言夺者，治之不令上行也，是知无三阳表证，有三阳里证染于有形也，此言表，总
三阳之名也。渴者清之，大渴者白虎汤（暑月用之）。小渴者凉膈散。（凉膈散，去硝黄加甘
桔者、稳。）大便秘结者下之，桃仁承气汤、四顺饮子、柴胡饮子、选用，察其在气在血，
必内实能食而秘者可用，但当微微润之。小便不通者利之，导赤散、八正散、之
类，当求上下二焦何经而用之。惊者安之，凉惊丸。重者泻之，泻青丸。泄者
分之，寒则异功散、四君子汤。热则泽泻茯苓汤。〔吕〕凡疮欲出而未出，因发搐
者，是外感风寒之邪，而内发心热也，宜王氏惺惺散或人参葛根汤、木香参苏饮。
凡疮欲出未出而吐利者，是中焦停寒，或夹宿食也，宜四君子汤加砂仁、陈皮或
和中散，如夹宿食者用紫霜丸。〔张〕治痘，全在发热之初看其热势微甚，微者固
不必治，甚者当解则解，当汗则汗，当下则下，使毒瓦斯得以发泄，则后去不能为害，
痘亦稀少平顺，失此不治，则热毒渐盛，难以解救，大抵此际热甚，非汗则表不解，
非下则里不解，然药味之轻重，当随病势之微甚而用之。〔垣〕痘证少具，痘未发，
与升麻汤三五钱，带热服之，待其身表温和，痘证已显，止药。如其身凉，痘证未出，只
时时与甘桔汤宽胸膈，利咽喉。大便酸臭，不消化，畏食或吐，乃内伤饮食，宜枳术
丸。伤冷食饮，神应丸。如见伤食，又见痘证，先与不犯大黄、巴豆、药克化过，再
与升麻汤，如食重伤，前药不能过，再与犯大黄、巴豆药过之。（此须分证之表里虚实而斟酌
之，先里后表，亦非古法，如克化药不能过，多是脾气虚、而克化药又重伤之，若无
便秘里实之证，其可遽用大黄巴豆下之乎。）凡初发疑似，但肌表热而无内伤证者，宜用辛凉
之剂调之，以四物解肌汤主之。或云，凡发热疑似之间，宜用人参败毒散一剂以发之，是
与不是，一发便明，大抵疮疹只要发尽，不使留伏于中也。凡发表，宜保婴丹加姜葱煎汤化下，
一也。或升麻葛根汤去升麻，加苏叶姜葱，二也。或羌活散加制砂、姜葱，三也。此可行之于
已发热之时。未发热之前不可行也，既见红点之后亦不可行，恐表虚故也，如或行之，只
宜参苏饮调保婴丹，浓盖取汗。凡初发表，要看天时，如时大寒，则腠理闭密，
气血凝涩，防其发泄得迟，有毒瓦斯壅遏之变，以辛热之药发之，宜桂枝葛根汤、五
积散去干姜主之。如时大热，则腠理开张，气血淖泽，防其发泄太急，有溃烂之
变，以辛凉之药解之，宜升麻葛根汤、双解散主之。如不寒不热，天气温和，只
人参败毒散，甚佳。〔翁〕小儿出痘，凡里有大热，当利小便，使心火有所引导，
虽不用凉药，其热自去矣，导赤散主之。若里有小热，不宜利小便，当解毒，
若小热利小便，反泄肾气，宜犀角地黄汤、消毒饮。〔万〕或曰，痘疮发热，
何以能预识其轻重而解之耶？曰∶凡发热乍进乍退，气色明莹，精神如常，大
小便调，能食不渴，目清唇润，此毒轻也，痘必稀疏，纵出多，亦自易发易靥。
如壮热不减，气色惨暗，精神昏闷，大便或秘或泻，不能食，目赤唇焦，此毒
甚也，痘必稠密，宜预解之。其出疏者，防其有伏，未可便许为疏，但看热减
渴止，精神爽快，清便自调，能食，更无他苦，是真疏且轻也。或曰，既识
其候，知痘稠密，何以解之，曰诸疮皆属于心，心之华在面，如初发热，青筋
现露，目中泪出，此毒发于肝，肝木生心火，从后来者为实邪，肝为水泡，风
火相扇，必作瘙痒，宜先解肝之毒。面赤如锦，额上红筋露现，谵妄多惊，此毒发
于心，心火自旺为正邪，君主不明，必有陷伏，不治。口干唇焦，面黄而燥，此毒
发于脾，心火生脾土，从前来者为虚邪，脾为 ，心为疹，必有夹 夹疹，又脾主
肌肉，为火所灼，必作溃烂，宜先解心脾之毒。面色 白，鼻中干燥，或流清涕，
或衄出，此毒发于肺，心火刑肺金，乘其所胜为微邪，宜略解肺之毒。面色黑气如
烟浮，目中见鬼，头热足冷，此毒发于肾，肾水克心火为贼邪，必成黑陷不治。
疮疹发热，热气微者，其毒必少，痘出自疏，易发易靥，不须服药。热气甚者，
其毒必多，痘出自密，难发难靥，且多他变，宜预解之，宜连翘升麻汤或如圣汤并
合代天宣化丸主之。或有热微痘出反密者，其人必口燥渴，唇焦烈，小便赤少，
大便秘，身虽不大热，却蒸蒸然，此毒深热亦深，故表不大热、而里热也，宜急解
之。若烦渴引饮，大热如炙，头痛如破，或自汗，或无汗，宜白虎汤主之，甚者
石膏用至半斤，溽暑之时有此症，尤宜用之。或有热甚痘出反疏者，其人必不渴，
唇润，目中无赤脉，大小便调，身虽大热，但 然，此毒浅热亦浅，故表热里气
和也，只以升麻葛根汤。乍凉乍热，疮疹常候，若遍身如火，昼夜不休，此心火
亢甚，脾土益燥，为失其常，宜消详表里证候以施治也，如口燥渴，目赤，唇焦，
大小便不利，此表里俱热也，双解散、或连翘升麻汤、或黄连解毒汤（烦躁）、送下七物
升麻丸（四方俱本条）。如咽喉痛，甘桔汤加牛蒡子，或射干鼠粘子汤（俱咽喉）加桔梗，使咽喉
爽快，胸膈开豁，失今不治，他日咽喉闭塞，水入则呛，谷入则呕，暴哑失音，悔
之无及。
如初发热时时恶寒，身振振摇动如疟之状，其人卫气素虚，荣血亦弱，不能逼
毒快出，使毒邪留连于经络之中，欲出不出，与正相争，故振振者火之象也，以柴
葛桂枝汤加黄 主之，疮出即愈。不可错认作寒战，妄投陈氏辛热之剂以误人也。
古人养生或治病者，常顺四时之气，谓之勿伐天和，如春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，
饮食起居，各有攸宜。凡疮疹发热之时，其初发表解肌，四时各有主方，春用羌活
汤（痘发热），夏用五苓散（惊），秋用参苏饮，冬用五积散，四时通用人参败毒散。又如春肝
旺，风木主事，调养之法，宜四物汤（失血）加防风、黄芩、木香、青皮、羌活，以折
风木之胜，又以四君子汤（不能食）加白芍药、桂心，以补脾之受制，相间服之。
夏心旺，热火主事，宜黄连解毒汤（烦躁）加麦门冬、五味子，以补肺之不足。秋肺
旺，燥金主事，宜泻白散（肺）合甘桔汤（咽喉）加牛蒡子、马兜苓，以散肺中之邪，又
以四物汤去川芎，加天麦门冬、天花粉，以润其燥。冬肾旺，寒水主事，宜五积
散以散表之寒，理中汤（泄利）加黄 、炙木香、丁香，以胜里之寒。此四时之治法也。
如天有暴风，连日不止，恐有风邪，桂枝葛根汤。夏月盛暑，或非时之热，人
参白虎汤（渴）。冬月严寒，或非时之寒，四君子汤加桂枝、生姜。久雨湿盛，五苓散
加苍术。此四候者，必疮变色有异证，可根据其法治之，苟无他候，不可妄治也，惟
谨帷幕，远风寒，毋令大热，毋令大寒，但常和暖，更常服蝉蜕膏，盖此膏能御风
邪，辟恶气，透肌快 疹也。房室之中，常烧辟秽香（禁忌），勿得间断。
凡初发热二三日间有惊搐者，以导赤散（心、）羌活汤（痘发热）、辰砂散（本条）主之。大便
秘者，三黄丸（发热）微利之。小便涩少者，导赤散。渴甚者，葛根解毒汤（痘渴）。腹中痛
者，桂枝大黄汤（痘腹痛）。腰痛者，人参败毒散（本条）。自利者，黄芩汤（痘泄利）。吐利者，
黄芩加半夏汤（痘吐利）。如脾胃素弱，自利清白者，理中汤丸（痘泄利）、或四君子汤（不能食）、肉
豆蔻丸（痘泄利）合而服之。余详各门。
〔发表〕
升麻汤 治大人小儿时气瘟疫，头痛足冷，脉数发热，肢体烦疼，及疮疹疑二之间，
并宜服之。或未经解利而疮毒已发。又云，证候未全，或未明者，但可与解散之
也。又云，患疮疹，大便自如常者，亦可服升麻汤。盖用升麻，其性苦寒无毒，
主解百毒，杀鬼邪，辟瘟瘴蛊毒，中恶腹痛，咽喉口疮，皆毒也，疮痘亦毒故也。
其次用葛根，性平，治消渴大热，解肌发表，出汗开腠理，治头痛。升麻葛根二
药，皆治伏热毒动，心恍惚，惊悸烦躁，大抵疮疹是蕴热毒，葛根解热，升麻去
毒也。病热而药性微寒，冷热相攻，则芍药治时行寒热，又活血痹，使疮痘易出
也，又利小便，疮疹有大热者，则利小便也。次有甘草调和之，况《新书》言，
疮疹渴燥甚者，亦用炙草散主之。四者解毒治热，调荣卫，为治疮疹之要药也。
为其疑二之间，非疮疹伏热而发热者，有伤寒、伤风、伤食、惊证兼患疮疹，而
禀气怯者皆发虚热，而非实热，若服之，是疮疹者则毒减而愈，他证者反以为害，
不能尽述其由，但有壮热而面青目白，睛不黄赤，大便不秘，小便清者，皆不可
服，里无蕴热故也。此药治未发疮疹之前，疮疹已愈之后，服之消毒故也，非正
出时服。
升麻 葛根 芍药 甘草（等分）
上为粗末。每服二钱，水一盏，同煎至半盏，去滓温服，不拘时候。亦可为细
末，汤调服。身心烦热即温服，寒多即热服。
海藏云∶升麻葛根汤，太阳阳明之药。陈文中云∶身热腹痛者、身热泄泻者、
身热惊悸者、身热汗出者、身热足冷者，俱不宜服升麻葛根汤。张巽之云∶凡
痘见 点，忌葛根汤，恐发得表虚也。万氏曰∶古人谓但见红点，便不可服升
麻葛根汤，恐发得表虚也。此盖为痘疏毒少者言，后人不达立言之旨，遽谓凡出
痘子才见红点，真不可服，殊不知升麻葛根汤四味，乃发表解毒、疏通血气、升
降阴阳之剂，痘出太密，正宜常服以解之，令陷者升之，燥者润之，郁者疏之，
过者平之，阴精不衰，而阳毒不亢也。苟谓痘疏毒少者，虽他药不可服，况葛根
汤乎。
古人治痘，以葛根汤为主，后世好奇，多立方法，法愈多而治愈难矣，苟能变
通，自发热以至收靥，葛根汤皆可增损用之，不特发表解肌而已，今以葛根汤为
主治，随证立增损法于后。
初发热解表，加柴胡、羌活、白芷、桔梗、防风。口干渴，内热也，加葛粉、
天花粉、麦门冬。自利，加条实黄芩生用。呕吐，加半夏、生姜。腹中痛，
加木香、青皮、枳壳、山楂肉。腰疼，加独活、北细辛。头疼，加羌活、
本、蔓荆子。惊搐，加木通、生地黄、灯心。小便少，加木通、车前子、瞿
麦。大便秘，加大黄。衄血，加山栀仁、玄参、生地黄。
发热三四日，热不减，加解毒药大力子、连翘、紫草、桔梗。疮不出，加防
风、蝉蜕、荆芥穗、红花子。眼痛，加密蒙花、柴胡、龙胆草。
疮出太稠密，加人参、当归、木香、紫草、大力子、防风、桔梗。咽痛，加
桔梗、连翘。疮干或带紫，或色大赤者，血热也，加当归稍、生地黄、红花、
地骨皮、牡丹皮。疮灰白色平陷者，气虚也，加人参、黄 、防风、木香、官
桂。手足疮不起，脾胃不足也，加防风、官桂、人参、黄 。
疮密起发不透，又渴者，此津液不足，加人参、麦门冬、天花粉。泄泻者，
里虚也，加人参、白术、诃子、白茯苓。疮不着痂者，湿热也，加黄 、防风、
官桂、白术。（李氏，加紫苏五分，笋尖、山楂、牛蒡子各一钱，冬月加制过麻黄一钱。）
惺惺散 治数证，皆为纯阳人所用，古人处为小儿药，非乃里寒者可服，且以药对
其证用之意，大抵浑身壮热，必由风热疮疹，伤寒时气，且先与之也，其头痛目
涩鼻流清涕者，用细辛。喘粗者，用桔梗、人参。多睡者，用茯苓。恐伤寒时气乘
里弱者，用白术也。治风热疮疹，栝蒌根也。栝蒌，味苦寒，治身热，烦满大热，
除肠胃中痼热，八疸面黄，燥渴，通月水，止小便利，热而胸痹不下乳，阳
【背景信息】
书名：证治准绳·幼科 作者：王肯堂 朝代：明 章节：初热证治(1/3) 类别：综合
【待处理原文翻译】
海藏先生论述：小儿出痘（天花）初期，在未能辨认清楚时，应当探求发病的原因，无论是内因、外因还是非内外因所致，都要根据其所受之邪，依法服药，以防病情变化，抑制亢盛的病气。这比其他病症更为紧迫，不可迟缓。治疗方法或发汗，或泻下，或解肌，或化解毒毒，关键在于探求病因，凉血清肺，调理脏腑，平衡饮食，谨守禁忌，严格护理，调节寒温，使调理有法度，从而让患儿经历顺畅的病程，疮疡顺利结痂溃破。痊愈后，不至于出现游走的毒邪、流汗导致腠理空虚，以及眼疾膜翳、疮疖痈瘤、喉闭咽肿、潮热汗泄等后遗症。这是治疗的大略方针。（海藏所说的“疹”即指痘，并非心为疹之误）。他又说：外部病变用外治法，内部病变用内治法，内外调和，痘自能发出。至于恶寒的，用发散法；表大热的，用攻夺法（清热泻火）；口渴的，用清凉法；大便秘结的，用泻下法；小便不通的，用利水法；惊悸的，用安神法；泄泻的，用分消法。怎么能拘泥于一种方法呢？大体上伤寒的治疗原则相同，随经用药，是最高的理论。假如五天内，各种病症与痘疹无法辨别，不要怀疑是痘疹而不敢确诊，必须采用发散法，但要根据所伤的不同应见症状进行治疗，都不妨碍痘毒排出，如果强行发散，其变证不可胜数。如属外伤（外感），主用升麻汤。内伤（内积），主用枳实丸。大便溏泄者，主用枳术丸。若伤冷食，用温中法，主用神应丸。恶寒者用发散法，宜用防风苍术汤。表大热者，用攻夺法，这里的“表”，泛指三阳经。阳气盛者，气必上行，所谓“夺”，是指治疗不让气上行，由此可知没有三阳表证，而是有三阳里证染于有形之邪。这里说的“表”，总括了三阳经的名称。口渴的，用清凉法，大渴者用白虎汤（暑月使用）。小渴者用凉膈散（凉膈散去掉硝黄加甘草桔梗，以稳当为主）。大便秘结的，用泻下法，选用桃仁承气汤、四顺饮子、柴胡饮子，观察病在气分还是血分，必须是体内实热且能进食而便秘者才可用，但只需微微润下即可。小便不通的，用利水法，选用导赤散、八正散之类，应当探究上焦和下焦哪条经络病变而用药。惊悸的，用安神法，主用凉惊丸。重症者用泻法，主用泻青丸。泄泻的，用分消法，寒证用异功散、四君子汤。热证用泽泻茯苓汤。
吕氏论述：凡是疮疹欲出而未出，因发搐（抽搐）者，是外感风寒之邪，内发心热所致，宜用王氏惺惺散或人参葛根汤、木香参苏饮。凡是疮疹欲出未出而呕吐泄泻者，是中焦停寒，或夹杂宿食所致，宜用四君子汤加砂仁、陈皮或和中散，如夹杂宿食者用紫霜丸。
张氏论述：治疗痘疮，全在于发热之初观察热势的轻重。轻者固然不必治疗，重者当解则解，当汗则汗，当下则下，使毒瓦斯得以发泄，那么后来就不会造成危害，痘疮也会稀少平顺。错过此时不治疗，热毒逐渐旺盛，难以解救。大体上这个时候热势很盛，不发汗则表不解，不下则里不解，然而药味的轻重，应当随病势的轻重而使用。
李东垣论述：痘证刚具备迹象，痘未发出时，给服升麻汤三五钱，带热服用，等到身体表面温和，痘证已经明显，停止服药。如果身体发凉，痘证未出，只时时给予甘桔汤宽胸膈，利咽喉。大便酸臭，不消化，畏食或呕吐，乃是内伤饮食，宜用枳术丸。伤冷食饮，用神应丸。如果见到伤食，又见到痘证，先给予不含大黄、巴豆的药物化解，再给予升麻汤，如果食积严重，前面的药物不能化解，再给予含大黄、巴豆的药物攻下。（这需要分辨证候的表里虚实而斟酌，先治里后治表，也不是古法，如果化解药不能通过，多是脾气虚，而化解药又重伤脾胃，如果没有便秘里实的证候，怎么可以急于用大黄巴豆攻下呢？）凡是初发疑似，只有肌表热而没有内伤证候的，宜用辛凉之剂调理，以四物解肌汤为主。有人说，凡发热疑似之间，宜用人参败毒散一剂来发散，是对是错，一发便明白，大体疮疹只要发尽，不使留伏于体内。凡是发表，宜用保婴丹加姜葱煎汤化下，这是一法。或用升麻葛根汤去升麻，加苏叶姜葱，这是二法。或用羌活散加制砂仁、姜葱，这是三法。这些可以在已发热时使用。未发热之前不可用，既见红点之后也不可用，恐怕表虚的缘故，如果这样做，只宜用参苏饮调服保婴丹，厚盖取汗。凡是初发表，要看天时，如天气大寒，则腠理闭密，气血凝涩，防止发泄得迟，有毒瓦斯壅遏的变证，用辛热之药发散，宜用桂枝葛根汤、五积散去干姜为主。如天气大热，则腠理开张，气血淖泽，防止发泄太急，有溃烂的变证，用辛凉之药解表，宜用升麻葛根汤、双解散为主。如不寒不热，天气温和，只用参苏败毒散，甚好。
翁氏论述：小儿出痘，凡是里有大热，当利小便，使心火有所引导，虽然不用凉药，热自然去除，主用导赤散。如果里有小热，不宜利小便，当解毒，如果小热利小便，反而泄肾气，宜用犀角地黄汤、消毒饮。
万氏论述：有人问：痘疮发热，凭什么能预先识别其轻重并解除它呢？回答说：凡是发热乍进乍退，气色明莹，精神如常，大小便调，能食不渴，目清唇润，这是毒轻，痘必稀疏，即使出得多，也容易发出和结痂。如果壮热不减，气色惨暗，精神昏闷，大便或秘或泻，不能食，目赤唇焦，这是毒甚，痘必稠密，宜预先解除。出疏的，防其有伏邪，不可便许为疏，只看热减渴止，精神爽快，清便自调，能食，更无其他痛苦，才是真疏且轻。有人问：既然识别了证候，知道痘稠密，怎么解除它呢？回答说：诸疮皆属于心，心的华彩表现在面部。如初发热，青筋现露，目中泪出，这是毒发于肝，肝木生心火，从后来者为实邪，肝为水泡，风火相扇，必作瘙痒，宜先解肝之毒。面赤如锦，额上红筋露现，谵妄多惊，这是毒发于心，心火自旺为正邪，君主不明，必有陷伏，不治。口干唇焦，面黄而燥，这是毒发于脾，心火生脾土，从前来者为虚邪，脾为斑，心为疹，必有夹斑夹疹，又脾主肌肉，为火所灼，必作溃烂，宜先解心脾之毒。面色㿠白，鼻中干燥，或流清涕，或衄血，这是毒发于肺，心火刑肺金，乘其所胜为微邪，宜略解肺之毒。面色黑气如烟浮，目中见鬼，头热足冷，这是毒发于肾，肾水克心火为贼邪，必成黑陷不治。
疮疹发热，热气微者，其毒必少，痘出自疏，易发易靥，不须服药。热气甚者，其毒必多，痘出自密，难发难靥，且多他变，宜预解之，宜连翘升麻汤或如圣汤并合代天宣化丸为主。或有热微痘出反密者，其人必口燥渴，唇焦烈，小便赤少，大便秘，身虽不大热，却蒸蒸然，这是毒深热亦深，所以表不大热、而里热也，宜急解之。若烦渴引饮，大热如炙，头痛如破，或自汗，或无汗，宜白虎汤为主，甚者石膏用至半斤，溽暑之时有此症，尤宜用之。或有热甚痘出反疏者，其人必不渴，唇润，目中无赤脉，大小便调，身虽大热，但翕然，这是毒浅热亦浅，所以表热里气和也，只以升麻葛根汤。乍凉乍热，疮疹常候，若遍身如火，昼夜不休，这是心火亢甚，脾土益燥，为失其常，宜消详表里证候以施治也，如口燥渴，目赤，唇焦，大小便不利，这是表里俱热也，双解散、或连翘升麻汤、或黄连解毒汤（烦躁）、送下七物升麻丸（四方俱本条）。如咽喉痛，甘桔汤加牛蒡子，或射干鼠粘子汤（俱咽喉）加桔梗，使咽喉爽快，胸膈开豁，失今不治，他日咽喉闭塞，水入则呛，谷入则呕，暴哑失音，悔之无及。
如初发热时时恶寒，身振振摇动如疟之状，其人卫气素虚，荣血亦弱，不能逼毒快出，使毒邪留连于经络之中，欲出不出，与正相争，故振振者火之象也，以柴葛桂枝汤加黄芪主之，疮出即愈。不可错认作寒战，妄投陈氏辛热之剂以误人也。
古人养生或治病者，常顺四时之气，谓之勿伐天和，如春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，饮食起居，各有攸宜。凡疮疹发热之时，其初发表解肌，四时各有主方，春用羌活汤（痘发热），夏用五苓散（惊），秋用参苏饮，冬用五积散，四时通用人参败毒散。又如春肝旺，风木主事，调养之法，宜四物汤（失血）加防风、黄芩、木香、青皮、羌活，以折风木之胜，又以四君子汤（不能食）加白芍药、桂心，以补脾之受制，相间服之。夏心旺，热火主事，宜黄连解毒汤（烦躁）加麦门冬、五味子，以补肺之不足。秋肺旺，燥金主事，宜泻白散（肺）合甘桔汤（咽喉）加牛蒡子、马兜铃，以散肺中之邪，又以四物汤去川芎，加天麦门冬、天花粉，以润其燥。冬肾旺，寒水主事，宜五积散以散表之寒，理中汤（泄利）加黄芪、炙木香、丁香，以胜里之寒。此四时之治法也。
如天有暴风，连日不止，恐有风邪，桂枝葛根汤。夏月盛暑，或非时之热，人参白虎汤（渴）。冬月严寒，或非时之寒，四君子汤加桂枝、生姜。久雨湿盛，五苓散加苍术。此四候者，必疮变色有异证，可根据其法治之，苟无他候，不可妄治也，惟谨帷幕，远风寒，毋令大热，毋令大寒，但常和暖，更常服蝉蜕膏，盖此膏能御风邪，辟恶气，透肌快发疹也。房室之中，常烧辟秽香（禁忌），勿得间断。
凡初发热二三日间有惊搐者，以导赤散（心）、羌活汤（痘发热）、辰砂散（本条）为主。大便秘者，三黄丸（发热）微利之。小便涩少者，导赤散。渴甚者，葛根解毒汤（痘渴）。腹中痛者，桂枝大黄汤（痘腹痛）。腰痛者，人参败毒散（本条）。自利者，黄芩汤（痘泄利）。吐利者，黄芩加半夏汤（痘吐利）。如脾胃素弱，自利清白者，理中汤丸（痘泄利）、或四君子汤（不能食）、肉豆蔻丸（痘泄利）合而服之。余详各门。
【发表】
升麻汤：治大人小儿时气瘟疫，头痛足冷，脉数发热，肢体烦疼，及疮疹疑二之间，并宜服之。或未经解利而疮毒已发。又云，证候未全，或未明者，但可与解散之也。又云，患疮疹，大便自如常者，亦可服升麻汤。盖用升麻，其性苦寒无毒，主解百毒，杀鬼邪，辟瘟瘴蛊毒，中恶腹痛，咽喉口疮，皆毒也，疮痘亦毒故也。其次用葛根，性平，治消渴大热，解肌发表，出汗开腠理，治头痛。升麻葛根二药，皆治伏热毒动，心恍惚，惊悸烦躁，大抵疮疹是蕴热毒，葛根解热，升麻去毒也。病热而药性微寒，冷热相攻，则芍药治时行寒热，又活血痹，使疮痘易出也，又利小便，疮疹有大热者，则利小便也。次有甘草调和之，况《新书》言，疮疹渴燥甚者，亦用炙草散主之。四者解毒治热，调营卫，为治疮疹之要药也。为其疑二之间，非疮疹伏热而发热者，有伤寒、伤风、伤食、惊证兼患疮疹，而禀气怯者皆发虚热，而非实热，若服之，是疮疹者则毒减而愈，他证者反以为害，不能尽述其由，但有壮热而面青目白，睛不黄赤，大便不秘，小便清者，皆不可服，里无蕴热故也。此药治未发疮疹之前，疮疹已愈之后，服之消毒故也，非正出时服。
升麻、葛根、芍药、甘草（等分）
上为粗末。每服二钱，水一盏，同煎至半盏，去滓温服，不拘时候。亦可为细末，汤调服。身心烦热即温服，寒多即热服。
海藏云：升麻葛根汤，太阳阳明之药。陈文中云：身热腹痛者、身热泄泻者、身热惊悸者、身热汗出者、身热足冷者，俱不宜服升麻葛根汤。张巽之云：凡痘见㾦点，忌葛根汤，恐发得表虚也。万氏曰：古人谓但见红点，便不可服升麻葛根汤，恐发得表虚也。此盖为痘疏毒少者言，后人不达立言之旨，遽谓凡出痘子才见红点，真不可服，殊不知升麻葛根汤四味，乃发表解毒、疏通血气、升降阴阳之剂，痘出太密，正宜常服以解之，令陷者升之，燥者润之，郁者疏之，过者平之，阴精不衰，而阳毒不亢也。苟谓痘疏毒少者，虽他药不可服，况葛根汤乎。
古人治痘，以葛根汤为主，后世好奇，多立方法，法愈多而治愈难矣，苟能变通，自发热以至收靥，葛根汤皆可增损用之，不特发表解肌而已，今以葛根汤为主治，随证立增损法于后。
初发热解表，加柴胡、羌活、白芷、桔梗、防风。口干渴，内热也，加葛粉、天花粉、麦门冬。自利，加条实黄芩生用。呕吐，加半夏、生姜。腹中痛，加木香、青皮、枳壳、山楂肉。腰疼，加独活、北细辛。头疼，加羌活、藁本、蔓荆子。惊搐，加木通、生地黄、灯心。小便少，加木通、车前子、瞿麦。大便秘，加大黄。衄血，加山栀仁、玄参、生地黄。
发热三四日，热不减，加解毒药大力子、连翘、紫草、桔梗。疮不出，加防风、蝉蜕、荆芥穗、红花子。眼痛，加密蒙花、柴胡、龙胆草。
疮出太稠密，加人参、当归、木香、紫草、大力子、防风、桔梗。咽痛，加桔梗、连翘。疮干或带紫，或色大赤者，血热也，加当归稍、生地黄、红花、地骨皮、牡丹皮。疮灰白色平陷者，气虚也，加人参、黄芪、防风、木香、官桂。手足疮不起，脾胃不足也，加防风、官桂、人参、黄芪。
疮密起发不透，又渴者，此津液不足，加人参、麦门冬、天花粉。泄泻者，里虚也，加人参、白术、诃子、白茯苓。疮不着痂者，湿热也，加黄芪、防风、官桂、白术。（李氏，加紫苏五分，笋尖、山楂、牛蒡子各一钱，冬月加制过麻黄一钱。）
惺惺散：治数证，皆为纯阳人所用，古人处为小儿药，非乃里寒者可服，且以药对其证用意，大抵浑身壮热，必由风热疮疹，伤寒时气，且先与之也，其头痛目涩鼻流清涕者，用细辛。喘粗者，用桔梗、人参。多睡者，用茯苓。恐伤寒时气乘里弱者，用白术也。治风热疮疹，栝蒌根也。栝蒌，味苦寒，治身热，烦满大热，除肠胃中痼热，八疸面黄，燥渴，通月水，止小便利，热而胸痹不下乳，阳
[Background Information]
Book: Zhengzhi Zhunsheng · Pediatrics
Author: Wang Kentang
Dynasty: Ming
Chapter: Treatment of Initial Fever (1/3)
Category: Comprehensive
[Hai Zang's Discussion]
When infantile smallpox first appears and cannot yet be clearly identified, one should seek the cause of its emergence. Whether due to internal factors, external factors, or neither, treatment should follow the specific pathogenic factor involved. Medication should be administered according to proper methods to prevent complications and suppress excessive pathogenic qi. This is more urgent than other diseases and must not be delayed. Treatment may involve diaphoresis (sweating), purgation, muscle-relaxing, or detoxification. The key is to identify the origin, cool the blood and clear the lungs, regulate the zang-fu organs, balance diet, strictly observe contraindications, maintain rigorous care, and adjust warmth and cold appropriately. With proper management, the disease course will proceed smoothly, and lesions will heal without leaving residual toxins that could cause sweating-induced vulnerability of the couli (pores), eye diseases such as corneal opacity, skin abscesses, throat obstruction, tidal fever, or excessive sweating. This outlines the general principles of treatment. (Note: Hai Zang's term "zhen" refers to smallpox, not a heart-related rash.) He further stated: External conditions require external treatment; internal conditions require internal treatment. When both interior and exterior are harmonized, the eruption will occur naturally. For chills, use dispersing methods; for intense exterior heat, use draining methods (clearing heat and purging fire); for thirst, use cooling methods; for severe constipation, use purgative methods; for urinary retention, use diuretic methods; for fright, use calming methods; for diarrhea, use separating and eliminating methods. How can one stick rigidly to a single approach? Generally, the treatment principles for Shanghan (Cold Damage) apply, with medication chosen according to the affected meridian, which is considered the highest theory. If within five days various symptoms make it difficult to distinguish between general illness and smallpox, do not hesitate to diagnose it as smallpox and must employ dispersing methods. However, treatment should address the specific pathogenic injury manifested. This will not hinder the eruption. Forced dispersing may lead to innumerable complications. For external injuries (exogenous pathogens), Shengma Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. For internal injuries (internal accumulation), Zhishi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Pill) is indicated. For loose stools, Zhizhu Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill) is indicated. For cold injury, use warming methods, primarily Shenying Wan (Divine Response Pill). For chills, use dispersing methods, preferably Fengcangzhu Tang (Saposhnikovia and Atractylodes Decoction). For intense exterior heat, use draining methods. Here, "exterior" generally refers to the three Yang meridians. When yang qi is excessive, it tends to ascend. "Draining" here means preventing this upward rush. Thus, there are no true exterior syndromes of the three Yang, but rather interior syndromes involving tangible pathogens. The term "exterior" here encompasses all three Yang meridians. For thirst, use cooling methods: for severe thirst, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is used (especially in summer); for mild thirst, Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder) is used (modified by removing rhubarb and mirabilite, adding licorice and platycodon for stability). For severe constipation, use purgative methods: select Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Sishun Yinzi (Four-Compliance Beverage), or Chaihu Yinzi (Bupleurum Beverage) based on whether the pathology is in the qi or blood level. These are suitable only for patients with internal excess, good appetite, and constipation, and should be used gently to moisten the bowels. For urinary retention, use diuretic methods: select Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder) or Bazheng San (Eight-Righteousness Powder), investigating which meridian in the upper or lower jiao is affected. For fright, use calming methods: Liangjing Wan (Cooling Fright Pill). For severe cases, use draining methods: Xieqing Wan (Draining Green Pill). For diarrhea, use separating methods: for cold-type, Yigong San (Extraordinary Merit Powder) or Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction); for heat-type, Zexie Fuling Tang (Alisma and Poria Decoction).
[Lv's Discussion]
When eruptions are about to appear but have not yet emerged, accompanied by convulsions, this is caused by exogenous wind-cold invading externally and heart-heat arising internally. Use Wangshi Xingxing San (Wang's Marvelous Powder) or Renshen Gegen Tang (Ginseng and Kudzu Root Decoction), or Muxiang Rensushen Yin (Aucklandia and Ginseng Decoction). When eruptions are about to emerge but vomiting and diarrhea occur, this indicates cold stagnation in the middle jiao or retained food. Use Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) added with Amomum and Tangerine Peel, or Hezhong San (Harmonize the Middle Powder). If retained food is present, use Zishuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill).
[Zhang's Discussion]
Treating smallpox depends entirely on observing the intensity of fever at the initial stage. Mild fever requires no specific treatment; severe fever requires resolution, sweating, or purgation as appropriate to allow the toxin to vent. This prevents future harm and ensures sparse, smooth eruptions. Failure to treat at this stage allows heat-toxin to intensify, becoming difficult to resolve. Generally, high fever at this stage requires sweating to resolve the exterior or purgation to resolve the interior. The dosage and potency of herbs must match the severity of the condition.
[Li Dongyuan's Discussion]
When smallpox signs are emerging but not yet erupted, administer Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) 3-5 qian, taken warm. Stop when the body surface becomes warm and signs are obvious. If the body is cool and eruption has not occurred, frequently administer Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) to benefit the chest and throat. Sour-smelling, undigested stool, aversion to eating, or vomiting indicates internal dietary injury; use Zhizhu Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill). Cold food injury uses Shenying Wan (Divine Response Pill). If food injury coincides with smallpox signs, first use herbs excluding Rhubarb and Croton to resolve the food stagnation, then give Shengma Tang. If food stagnation is severe and previous herbs fail, use herbs containing Rhubarb and Croton to purge. (This requires careful consideration of exterior-interior and deficiency-excess. Treating the interior before the exterior is not ancient practice. If resolving herbs fail, it is often due to Spleen Qi deficiency exacerbated by harsh herbs. Without constipation and interior excess, Rhubarb and Croton should not be used hastily.) For initial suspected cases with only exterior heat and no internal injury, use acrid-cool agents like Siwu Jiemo Tang (Four Substances Muscle-Relieving Decoction). Some suggest using Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng and Detoxifying Powder) to disperse; success or failure becomes clear upon administration. The goal is to fully erupt the rash, preventing latent pathogens inside. For dispersing exterior, use Baoying Dan (Infant Protection Pill) with Ginger and Scallion decocted and dissolved. Alternatively, remove Cimicifuga from Shengma Gegen Tang and add Perilla Leaf, Ginger, and Scallion. Or use Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder) with processed Amomum, Ginger, and Scallion. These are applicable after fever begins, not before, nor after red spots appear, to avoid damaging exterior deficiency. If used, combine Renshen Sushen Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Beverage) with Baoying Dan, cover thickly to induce sweating. Observe weather: in extreme cold, couli close, qi-blood stagnates, risking delayed eruption and toxin entrapment; use acrid-hot dispersants like Guizhi Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Kudzu Root Decoction) or Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) minus Dried Ginger. In extreme heat, couli open, qi-blood flows freely, risking rapid eruption and ulceration; use acrid-cool resolvents like Shengma Gegen Tang or Shuangjie San (Double Resolution Powder). In moderate weather, Renshen Baidu San is excellent.
[Weng's Discussion]
For pediatric smallpox with intense interior heat, promote urination to guide Heart Fire downward. Heat will subside even without cold herbs; use Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder). For mild interior heat, do not promote urination as it damages Kidney Qi; instead, detoxify using Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) or Xiaodu Yin (Detoxifying Beverage).
[Wan's Discussion]
Question: How can one predict the severity of smallpox fever and intervene? Answer: If fever fluctuates, complexion is bright, spirit is normal, bowel/bladder functions are regular, appetite is good, no thirst, eyes clear, lips moist, the toxin is light. Eruptions will be sparse and easy to resolve. If high fever persists, complexion is dull, spirit is lethargic, bowel/bladder irregular, anorexia, eyes red, lips scorched, the toxin is severe. Eruptions will be dense and require preemptive intervention. Sparse eruptions might hide latent pathogens; true lightness is confirmed only when fever subsides, thirst stops, spirit improves, and digestion normalizes. Question: How to treat dense eruptions? Answer: All sores belong to the Heart, manifesting on the face. Early fever with visible blue veins and tearing indicates Liver toxin (Wood generating Fire, excess pathogen from behind). Wind-fire causes itching; resolve Liver toxin first. Red face like brocade, forehead red veins, delirium, and fright indicate Heart toxin (Heart Fire excess, positive pathogen). If the Monarch is unclear, collapse may occur; this is untreatable. Dry mouth, scorched lips, yellow dry face indicate Spleen toxin (Fire generating Earth, deficient pathogen from ahead). Spleen governs flesh; burning causes ulceration; resolve Heart and Spleen toxins. Pale white face, dry nose, clear discharge or epistaxis indicates Lung toxin (Fire insulting Metal, slight pathogen). Resolve Lung toxin slightly. Black smoky complexion, hallucinations, hot head/cold feet indicate Kidney toxin (Water overcoming Fire, thief pathogen). Leads to black depression; untreatable.
Mild heat implies light toxin, sparse eruptions, easy healing, no medicine needed. Severe heat implies heavy toxin, dense eruptions, difficult healing, prone to complications; preemptive resolution is needed using Lianqiao Shengma Tang (Forsythia and Cimicifuga Decoction), Rusheng Tang (Like Sage Decoction), or Dai Tian Xuanhua Wan (Heaven's Proxy Transformation Pill). If heat is mild but eruptions are dense, with dry mouth, scorched lips, scanty dark urine, constipation, and steaming heat despite mild exterior temperature, the toxin is deep and interior heat is intense; resolve urgently. If irritability, thirst, intense heat, headache, sweating or lack thereof, use Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction); severe cases may use up to half a jin of Gypsum, especially in humid heat. If heat is severe but eruptions are sparse, with no thirst, moist lips, clear eyes, regular bowels, and翕然 (gentle) heat, the toxin is shallow and exterior heat matches interior harmony; use Shengma Gegen Tang. Alternating cold and heat is common; continuous burning heat day and night indicates hyperactive Heart Fire and dry Spleen Earth; analyze exterior-interior syndromes. Mouth dry, eyes red, lips scorched, urinary difficulty indicates exterior-interior heat; use Shuangjie San, Lianqiao Shengma Tang, or Huanglian Jiedu Tang (for irritability) followed by Qiwu Shengma Wan. Sore throat: Ganjie Tang plus Arctium, or Shegan Niuzi Tang plus Platycodon to clear throat and chest. Untreated, this leads to airway obstruction, choking on water, vomiting food, sudden aphonia; regret will be futile.
Initial fever with chills and trembling resembling malaria indicates deficient Wei Qi and Ying Blood, unable to force toxin out quickly, causing lingering in meridians. Trembling is a sign of Fire. Use Chaige Guizhi Tang (Bupleurum, Kudzu, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) plus Astragalus. Healing occurs upon eruption. Do not mistake this for rigor chills and wrongly administer Chen's acrid-hot formulas.
Ancients aligned health and treatment with the four seasons, preserving Heavenly Harmony (Yang in Spring/Summer, Yin in Autumn/Winter). For initial exterior release in rashes: Spring uses Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction); Summer uses Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder); Autumn uses Renshen Sushen Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Beverage); Winter uses Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder); Renshen Baidu San is universal. Spring Liver dominance: Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Saposhnikovia, Scutellaria, Aucklandia, Green Tangerine Peel, Notopterygium to curb Wind-Wood; Sijunzi Tang plus White Peony and Cinnamon Heart to tonify constrained Spleen. Summer Heart dominance: Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction) plus Ophiopogon and Schisandra to tonify Lung. Autumn Lung dominance: Xiebai San (Drain White Powder) combined with Ganjie Tang plus Arctium and Aristolochia to disperse Lung pathogens; Siwu Tang minus Ligusticum plus Anemarrhena, Ophiopogon, and Trichosanthes Root to moisten dryness. Winter Kidney dominance: Wuji San to dispel exterior cold; Lizhong Tang (Middle-Warming Decoction) plus Astragalus, Roasted Aucklandia, and Clove to overcome interior cold.
Extreme wind: Guizhi Gegen Tang. Summer heat: Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction). Winter cold: Sijunzi Tang plus Cinnamon Twig and Ginger. Dampness from rain: Wuling San plus Atractylodes Macrocephala. Treat these only if rash changes or abnormal symptoms appear; otherwise, avoid random treatment. Keep curtains tight, avoid wind-cold, maintain moderate warmth, and regularly consume Chantui Gao (Cicada Slough Paste) to repel wind and evil qi, promoting eruption. Burn incense to purify foul air continuously.
Convulsions in first 2-3 days of fever: Daochi San, Qianghuo Tang, or Chensha San (Cinnabar Powder). Constipation: Sanhuang Wan (Three Yellows Pill) for mild purgation. Scanty urine: Daochi San. Severe thirst: Gegen Jiedu Tang (Kudzu Root Detoxifying Decoction). Abdominal pain: Guizhi Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Rhubarb Decoction). Lower back pain: Renshen Baidu San. Spontaneous diarrhea: Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction). Vomiting/diarrhea: Huangqin Banxia Tang (Scutellaria and Pinellia Decoction). Weak Spleen/Stomach with clear diarrhea: Lizhong Tang/Wan or Sijunzi Tang plus Doukou Wan (Myristica Pill). See other sections for details.
[Exterior Dispersing Formulas]
Shengma Tang: Treats adults and children with seasonal epidemics, headache, cold feet, rapid pulse, fever, limb pain, and ambiguous rash stages. Also for early toxin eruption. Suitable for incomplete or unclear syndromes requiring dispersion. Safe for those with normal bowel movements. Cimicifuga is bitter, cold, non-toxic, resolves hundred toxins, kills evil spirits, wards off plague/miasma, treats abdominal pain and sore throat. Both Cimicifuga and Kudzu Root treat latent heat-toxin agitation, palpitations, and irritability. Kudzu clears heat; Cimicifuga removes toxin. Paeonia treats alternating cold/heat, invigorates blood, facilitates eruption, and promotes urination. Licorice harmonizes. These four are key for rash treatment. Contraindicated in non-rash fevers (Wind-Cold, Food Stagnation, Fright) with deficient constitution, as they may harm. Contraindicated in high fever with pale face, white sclera, non-yellow/red eyes, non-constipated bowels, clear urine (no interior heat). Used before eruption or after recovery for detoxification, not during active eruption.
Ingredients: Cimicifuga, Kudzu Root, Paeonia, Licorice (equal parts).
Preparation: Coarse powder. 2 qian per dose, decoct in 1 cup water to half cup. Warm take. Can be fine powder mixed with water. Take warm for heat, hot for cold.
Hai Zang notes: Shengma Gegen Tang targets Taiyang and Yangming meridians. Chen Wenzhong advises against it for fever with abdominal pain, diarrhea, palpitations, sweating, or cold feet. Zhang Xunzhi and Wan Quan warn against it once red spots appear, fearing exterior deficiency. However, Wan Quan clarifies this applies only to sparse, light-toxin cases. For dense eruptions, frequent use helps lift sinking, moisten dryness, disperse stagnation, and balance yin-yang without depleting essence. Ancient practice favored Gegen Tang; later innovations complicated treatment. Gegen Tang can be modified throughout the disease course.
Modifications:
Initial fever/exterior: Add Bupleurum, Notopterygium, Angelica Dahurica, Platycodon, Saposhnikovia.
Dry mouth/thirst/internal heat: Add Kudzu Starch, Trichosanthes Root, Ophiopogon.
Diarrhea: Add Raw Scutellaria.
Vomiting: Add Pinellia, Ginger.
Abdominal pain: Add Aucklandia, Green Tangerine Peel, Immature Bitter Orange, Hawthorn.
Back pain: Add Actaea, Asarum.
Headache: Add Notopterygium, Ligusticum, Vitex.
Convulsions: Add Akebia, Rehmannia, Juncus.
Scanty urine: Add Akebia, Plantago, Dianthus.
Constipation: Add Rhubarb.
Epistaxis: Add Gardenia, Scrophularia, Rehmannia.
Day 3-4 persistent fever: Add Arctium, Forsythia, Lithospermum, Platycodon.
Non-erupting rash: Add Saposhnikovia, Cicada Slough, Schizonepeta, Safflower.
Eye pain: Add Commelina, Bupleurum, Gentian.
Dense eruption: Add Ginseng, Angelica Sinensis, Aucklandia, Lithospermum, Arctium, Saposhnikovia, Platycodon.
Sore throat: Add Platycodon, Forsythia.
Dry/purple/red lesions (Blood Heat): Add Angelica Sinensis tail, Rehmannia, Safflower, Groundcherry Bark, Moutan Bark.
Gray-white flat lesions (Qi Deficiency): Add Ginseng, Astragalus, Saposhnikovia, Aucklandia, Cinnamon Bark.
Cold limbs/non-raising lesions (Spleen/Stomach Deficiency): Add Saposhnikovia, Cinnamon Bark, Ginseng, Astragalus.
Dense but slow eruption with thirst (Fluid Deficiency): Add Ginseng, Ophiopogon, Trichosanthes Root.
Diarrhea (Interior Deficiency): Add Ginseng, Atractylodes, Chebula, Poria.
Non-healing lesions (Damp-Heat): Add Astragalus, Saposhnikovia, Cinnamon Bark, Atractylodes. (Li adds Perilla, Bamboo Shoots, Hawthorn, Arctium; Winter adds processed Ephedra).
Xingxing San: For pure-yang constitutions, originally for children. Not for interior cold. Addresses whole-body high fever from wind-heat/rash or epidemic cold. Headache/tearing/runny nose: Asarum. Wheezing: Platycodon, Ginseng. Somnolence: Poria. Fear of epidemic invasion in weakness: Atractylodes. Wind-heat rash: Trichosanthes Root (bitter/cold, clears heat, resolves fullness, treats jaundice, thirst, amenorrhea, benefits urination, treats chest bi/lactation issues).