《全婴》论云∶夫吐血者，荣卫气逆也，荣者血也，卫者气也，荣卫相济，不失
常道，一有所胜，则致妄行。血者水也，决之东则东流，决之西则西流，气之使血，
其势如此。巢氏云∶血者是有热气盛而血虚，热乘于血，血性得热则流散妄行，气
逆则血随气上，故令吐血也。又或饮食太饱之后，脾胃内冷，不能消化，忽吐所食
之物，气血相冲，因伤肺胃，亦令吐血。若久嗽气逆，面目浮肿而嗽吐血者，是虚
损也。〔薛〕清者为荣，浊者为卫，荣行脉中，卫行脉外，盖荣者，水谷之精气也，
和调于五脏，洒陈于六腑，故能入于脉。夫荣者，阴血也，所主在心，统化在脾，
藏内在肝，宣布在肺，输泄在肾，灌溉一身，滋养百脉，诸经由此而生毓焉。然血
之所统者气也，故曰气主 之，血主濡之，是以气行则血行，气止则血止，阳生阴
长，夫倡妇随之道也。若气一伤，则变证百出，故妄行则吐衄，衰涸则虚劳，降下
则便红，热陷则溺赤，渗于肠胃则为肠风，阴虚阳搏则为崩漏，此皆气有殄戾之乖，
而血乃生渗溢之患也。然养阴者可不先知养阳之道乎。小儿患之多因禀赋积热，或
食膏粱浓味，或乳母七情郁火所致。治法，若气虚血弱，当以人参补之，阳旺则阴
生血也。若四物汤者，独能主血分受伤，为气不虚也。若左寸关脉数而无力，血虚
也，四物汤加参术。浮而无力，气虚也，补中益气汤。尺脉数或无力，肾虚也，六
味地黄丸。右寸关脉数而有力者，肺胃热也，犀角地黄汤，后用四物汤加参苓白术。
尺脉数而无力，阴虚也，用六味地黄丸。若面黄目涩，眵多手麻者，脾肺虚也，用黄 芍药汤。
四物汤 治血虚发热烦躁，或晡热作渴，头目不清。若因脾虚不能生血者，用四君
子汤。
当归 熟地黄（各二钱） 芍药 川芎（各一钱）
上，水煎服。
补中益气汤（虚热） 六味地黄丸（肾）
犀角地黄汤 治伤寒温病，失于表汗，致内有瘀血，吐血面色黄，大便黑，及疮痘
出多，以此解之。
犀角（镑） 牡丹皮（各一两） 生地黄（八钱） 赤芍药（七钱）
上，每服二钱，水煎服。
黄 芍药汤 治衄多岁，面黄眼涩，多眵手麻。
黄 （三两） 甘草（炙） 升麻 葛根 芍药（炒黄。各一两） 羌活（半两）
上，每服三钱，水煎服。按∶此手足太阴、阳明药也，然血虚久，则阳亦虚
矣，故血不足则麻木，阴虚火动，变证百出，实非风也，此出升阳滋阴例。
人参黄 散 治虚劳客热，消瘦倦怠，口燥咽干，日晡潮热，五心烦热，盗汗胸满，
食少作渴，咳唾、时有脓血。
天门冬（去心，三两） 半夏 知母（炒黄） 桑白皮 赤芍药（炒） 黄 （炒） 紫菀
甘草（炙） 鳖甲（醋炙。以上各半两） 白茯苓 柴胡 秦艽 生地黄 熟地黄 地骨皮（各二两）
人参 桔梗（各一两）
上锉散。每服三五钱，水煎服。大人亦得。（一方，有生姜）
柏枝饮 治小儿衄血吐血。
柏枝（干者） 藕节（干者）
上等分为末。三岁半钱，藕汁入蜜，沸汤调下。一方，白芍药为末，磨犀角汁
调，治咯血、衄血。
辰胶散 治小儿吐血。
阿胶（炒） 蛤粉（等分） 辰砂（少许）
上为末，和粉红色。三岁一钱，藕汁和蜜调下。
紫参散 治吐血。
紫参 山栀子 生干地黄（各一两） 刺蓟（一分，烧灰） 乱发（一分，烧灰、俱存性。
以上捣罗为细末，
次用） 蒲黄 伏龙肝（各一分，并细研）
上件，都拌匀。每服半钱至一钱，煎竹茹汤调下。
《全婴方论》论述说：所谓吐血，是营卫之气逆乱所致。营气属于血，卫气属于气，营卫相互协调，不违背正常规律；一旦一方偏胜，就会导致血液妄行。血如同水一样，决口向东则向东流，决口向西则向西流，气推动血运行，其态势正是如此。巢元方说：血的发生是因为热气盛而血虚，热邪侵袭于血，血的性质受热后就会流散妄行，气机逆乱则血随气上逆，从而导致吐血。或者在饮食过饱之后，脾胃内部寒冷，不能消化食物，突然呕吐出所食之物，气血相互冲撞，因而损伤肺和胃，也会导致吐血。如果是长期咳嗽导致气逆，面目浮肿且咳嗽吐血，这是虚损病证。〔薛己〕认为：清轻的是营气，重浊的是卫气，营行于脉中，卫行于脉外。大概营气是水谷的精微精气，调和于五脏，布散于六腑，所以能进入脉管。所谓营气，就是阴血，由心所主，由脾统摄化生，藏纳于肝，宣发于肺，输泄于肾，灌溉全身，滋养百脉，各经都由此生长孕育。然而血之所以被统摄，是因为有气的作用，所以说“气主煦之，血主濡之”，因此气行则血行，气止则血止，这正如阳生阴长、夫唱妇随的道理。如果气受到损伤，就会变证百出，所以气逆妄行则出现吐血、衄血，气衰枯竭则形成虚劳，气陷下行则出现便血，热邪下陷则小便赤红，渗入肠胃则为肠风，阴虚而阳脉躁动则为崩漏，这些都是因为气有乖戾失常，而血才产生渗漏溢出的祸患。然而想要滋养阴血的人，难道可以不先了解养护阳气的方法吗？小儿患此病多因先天禀赋积热，或食用肥甘厚味，或由乳母七情郁结化火所致。治疗方法：如果是气虚血弱，应当用人参来补益，阳气旺盛则阴血自生。如果是四物汤（补血调血剂），只能主治血分受伤而气不虚的情况。如果左寸关脉数而无力，是血虚，用四物汤加人参、白术。脉浮而无力，是气虚，用补中益气汤（补气升阳剂）。尺脉数或无力，是肾虚，用六味地黄丸（滋补肾阴剂）。右寸关脉数而有力，是肺胃有热，用犀角地黄汤（清热凉血剂），随后用四物汤加人参、茯苓、白术。尺脉数而无力，是阴虚，用六味地黄丸。如果面色黄、眼睛干涩、眼屎多、手麻，是脾肺虚，用黄芪芍药汤。
四物汤：治疗血虚发热烦躁，或傍晚发热口渴，头目不清爽。如果是因为脾虚不能生血，用四君子汤（补气健脾剂）。
当归、熟地黄（各二钱）、芍药、川芎（各一钱）。
以上药材，加水煎服。
犀角地黄汤：治疗伤寒温病，失于发汗解表，导致体内有瘀血，吐血面色黄，大便黑，以及疮痘发出过多，用此方解除。
犀角（镑片）、牡丹皮（各一两）、生地黄（八钱）、赤芍药（七钱）。
以上药材，每次服用二钱，加水煎服。
黄芪芍药汤：治疗鼻衄多年，面色黄，眼睛干涩，眼屎多，手麻。
黄芪（三两）、甘草（炙）、升麻、葛根、芍药（炒黄，各一两）、羌活（半两）。
以上药材，每次服用三钱，加水煎服。按语：这是手足太阴、阳明经的药物，但是血虚日久，阳气也会虚，所以血不足则麻木，阴虚火动，变证百出，实际上并非风邪，这是出自升阳滋阴的法则。
人参黄芪散：治疗虚劳客热，消瘦倦怠，口燥咽干，傍晚潮热，五心烦热，盗汗胸满，食少作渴，咳唾时有脓血。
天门冬（去心，三两）、半夏、知母（炒黄）、桑白皮、赤芍药（炒）、黄芪（炒）、紫菀、甘草（炙）、鳖甲（醋炙，以上各半两）、白茯苓、柴胡、秦艽、生地黄、熟地黄、地骨皮（各二两）、人参、桔梗（各一两）。
以上切碎成散剂。每次服用三五钱，加水煎服。成人也可服用。（另一配方，加生姜）。
柏枝饮：治疗小儿鼻衄吐血。
柏枝（干燥者）、藕节（干燥者）。
以上等分为末。三岁儿童服用半钱，用藕汁加入蜂蜜，沸水冲服。另一配方，用白芍药为末，磨犀角汁调服，治疗咯血、衄血。
辰胶散：治疗小儿吐血。
阿胶（炒）、蛤粉（等分）、辰砂（少许）。
以上为末，混合成粉红色。三岁儿童服用一钱，用藕汁和蜜调服。
紫参散：治疗吐血。
紫参、山栀子、生干地黄（各一两）、刺蓟（一分，烧成灰）、乱发（一分，烧成灰，均存性，以上捣罗为细末，备用）、蒲黄、伏龙肝（各一分，并细研）。
以上药物，全部拌匀。每次服用半钱至一钱，用竹茹汤调服。
Quan Ying Fang Lun (Treatise on Infant Care) states: The so-called hematemesis (vomiting blood) is caused by the rebellion of Ying and Wei Qi. Ying Qi belongs to Blood, and Wei Qi belongs to Qi. When Ying and Wei coordinate with each other without deviating from the normal path, if one side becomes excessive, it leads to the reckless movement of Blood. Blood is like water; if the dike breaks to the east, it flows east; if it breaks to the west, it flows west. Qi drives Blood, and its momentum is thus. Chao Yuan-fang stated: Hemorrhage occurs when Heat Qi is excessive while Blood is deficient. Heat invades the Blood, and due to its nature, Blood becomes scattered and moves recklessly when heated. When Qi rebels, Blood follows Qi upward, causing hematemesis. Alternatively, after overeating, the Spleen and Stomach become cold internally and fail to digest food. Suddenly vomiting the ingested food causes Qi and Blood to clash, injuring the Lung and Stomach, which also leads to hematemesis. If chronic coughing leads to Qi rebellion, accompanied by facial and ocular edema and coughing up blood, this is a deficiency-consumption disease. [Xue Ji] argued: The clear and light aspect is Ying Qi, and the turbid and heavy aspect is Wei Qi. Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels. Generally, Ying Qi is the essence of grain and water, harmonized in the Five Zang organs and distributed to the Six Fu organs, thus entering the vessels. Ying Qi is Yin Blood, governed by the Heart, transformed and controlled by the Spleen, stored in the Liver, disseminated by the Lung, and drained by the Kidney. It irrigates the whole body and nourishes all pulses, allowing all meridians to grow and develop. However, what controls Blood is Qi; hence it is said that "Qi provides warmth, and Blood provides moisture." Therefore, where Qi moves, Blood moves; where Qi stops, Blood stops. This follows the principle of Yang generating Yin and the husband leading as the wife follows. If Qi is injured, myriad pathological changes arise. Thus, reckless movement causes hematemesis and epistaxis; depletion causes deficiency consumption; sinking downward causes hematochezia; heat sinking causes dark urine; seeping into the intestines and stomach causes intestinal wind; Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity causes metrorrhagia and metrostaxis. These are all due to the aberration of Qi, leading to the leakage and overflow of Blood. Therefore, those who wish to nourish Yin must first understand the way to nurture Yang. In children, this condition often arises from congenital accumulated heat, or consuming rich and greasy foods, or caused by emotional stagnation transforming into fire in the nursing mother. Treatment methods: If Qi is deficient and Blood is weak, Ren Shen should be used to tonify it; when Yang is vigorous, Yin Blood generates itself. Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) alone can treat injuries to the Blood level when Qi is not deficient. If the pulse at the left Cun and Guan positions is rapid and forceless, it indicates Blood deficiency; use Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen and Bai Zhu. If the pulse is floating and forceless, it indicates Qi deficiency; use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). If the Chi position pulse is rapid or forceless, it indicates Kidney deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia). If the right Cun and Guan pulse is rapid and forceful, it indicates Lung and Stomach Heat; use Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction), followed by Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen, Fu Ling, and Bai Zhu. If the Chi position pulse is rapid and forceless, it indicates Yin deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. If the complexion is yellow, eyes are dry, there is excessive eye discharge, and the hands feel numb, it indicates Spleen and Lung deficiency; use Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang (Astragalus and Peony Decoction).
Si Wu Tang treats fever and irritability due to Blood deficiency, or afternoon fever with thirst, and unclear head and eyes. If caused by Spleen deficiency failing to generate Blood, use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction).
Dang Gui, Shu Di Huang (each 2 qian), Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong (each 1 qian).
Decoct these ingredients in water and take orally.
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (for deficiency heat), Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (for Kidney deficiency).
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang treats Shang Han (Cold Damage) and Wen Bing (Warm Diseases) where failure to induce sweating leads to internal Blood stasis, resulting in hematemesis with a sallow complexion, black stools, or excessive eruption of sores and pustules; this formula resolves such conditions.
Xi Jiao (sliced), Mu Dan Pi (each 1 liang), Sheng Di Huang (8 qian), Chi Shao Yao (7 qian).
Take 2 qian per dose, decoct in water, and take orally.
Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang treats chronic epistaxis, sallow complexion, dry eyes, excessive eye discharge, and hand numbness.
Huang Qi (3 liang), Zhi Gan Cao, Sheng Ma, Ge Gen, Chao Huang Shao Yao (each 1 liang), Qiang Huo (0.5 liang).
Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water, and take orally. Note: These are herbs for the Hand-Taiyin, Hand-Yangming, Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians. However, long-term Blood deficiency leads to Yang deficiency as well. Thus, insufficient Blood causes numbness, and Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity causes myriad pathological changes; this is actually not Wind, but follows the example of raising Yang and nourishing Yin.
Ren Shen Huang Qi San treats deficiency consumption with exogenous heat, emaciation, fatigue, dry mouth and throat, afternoon tidal fever, five-palm heat, night sweats, chest fullness, poor appetite with thirst, and coughing up purulent blood.
Tian Men Dong (decored, 3 liang), Ban Xia, Chao Zhi Mu, Sang Bai Pi, Chao Chi Shao Yao, Chao Huang Qi, Zi Wan, Zhi Gan Cao, Cu Bie Jia (each 0.5 liang), Bai Fu Ling, Chai Hu, Qin Jiao, Sheng Di Huang, Shu Di Huang, Di Gu Pi (each 2 liang), Ren Shen, Jie Geng (each 1 liang).
Crush into a powder. Take 3-5 qian per dose, decoct in water, and take orally. Adults may also use it. (Another prescription includes Sheng Jiang).
Bai Zhi Yin treats pediatric epistaxis and hematemesis.
Gan Bai Zhi, Gan Ou Jie.
Grind equally into powder. For three-year-olds, take half a qian, mix with Ou Zhi (lotus root juice) and honey, and take with boiling water. Another prescription uses Bai Shao Yao powder mixed with Xi Jiao Zhi (Rhino Horn Juice) to treat hemoptysis and epistaxis.
Chen Jiao San treats pediatric hematemesis.
Chao E Jiao, equal parts of Ge Fen, a small amount of Chen Sha.
Grind into powder and mix to form a pink color. For three-year-olds, take 1 qian, mix with Ou Zhi and honey, and take orally.
Zi Can San treats hematemesis.
Zi Can, Shan Zhi Zi, Sheng Gan Di Huang (each 1 liang), Ci Ji (1 fen, burnt to ash), Luan Fa (1 fen, burnt to ash, retaining substance properties; grind the above into fine powder, set aside), Pu Huang, Fu Long Gan (each 1 fen, finely ground).
Mix all ingredients evenly. Take 0.5 to 1 qian per dose, mix with Zhu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings Decoction), and take orally.