《内经》曰∶诸燥枯涸，干劲皴揭，皆属于燥。乃阳明燥金肺与大肠之气也。燥
之为病，皆属燥金之化，然能令金燥者火也，故曰燥万物者，莫 乎火。夫金为阴
之主，为水之源，而受燥气，寒水生化之源竭绝于上，而不能灌溉周身，营养百骸，
色干而无润泽皮肤，滋生毫毛者，有自来矣。或大病而克伐太过，或吐利而亡津液，
或预防养生误饵金石之药，或房劳致虚，补虚燥剂，食味过浓，辛热太多，醇酒炙
肉，皆能偏助狂火而损害真阴。阴中伏火，日渐煎熬，血液衰耗，使燥热转甚为诸
病。在外则皮肤皴揭，在上则咽鼻焦干，在中则水液衰少而烦渴，在下则肠胃枯涸，
津不润而便难，在手足则痿弱无力，在脉则细涩而微，此皆阴血为火热所伤也。治
法当以甘寒滋润之剂，甘能生血，寒能胜热，阴得滋而火杀，液得润而燥除，源泉
下降，精血上荣，如是则气液宣通，内神茂而外色泽矣。滋燥养荣汤、大补地黄丸、
清凉饮子、导滞通幽汤、润肠丸、八正散，皆燥病中随症酌用之方药也。
东垣曰∶阴阳应象论云∶水谷之寒热，感则害人六腑。痹论云∶阴气者，静则
神脏，躁则消亡。饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤。此乃混言之也。分之为二，饮也，食也。
饮者水也，无形之气也。因而大饮则气逆，形寒饮冷则伤肺，肺病则为喘咳，为肿，
为水泻。轻则当发汗、利小便，使上下分消其湿，解酲汤、五苓散、生姜、半夏、
枳实、白术之类是也。如重而蓄积为满者，芫花、大戟、甘遂、牵牛之属利下之，
此其大法也。食者物也，有形之血也。如生气通天论云∶因而饱食，筋脉横解，肠
为痔。又云∶食伤太阴厥阴，寸口大于人迎两倍三倍者，或呕吐，或痞满，或下
利肠 ，当分寒热轻重治之。轻则内消，重则除下。如伤寒物者，半夏、神曲、干
姜、三棱、广术、巴豆之类主之。如伤热物者，枳实、白术、青皮、陈皮、麦 、
黄连、大黄之类主之。亦有宜吐者，阴阳应象论云∶在上者因而越之。瓜蒂散之属
主之。然而不可过剂，过则反伤脾胃。盖先因饮食自伤，又加之以药过，故肠胃复
伤，而气不能化，食愈难消矣，渐至羸困。故五常政大论云∶大毒治病，十去其六，
小毒治病，十去其七，常毒治病，十去其八，无毒治病，十去其九，不可过之。此
圣人之深戒也。伤食之证，胸膈痞塞，吐逆咽酸，噫败卵臭，畏食头痛，发热恶寒，
病似伤寒，但气口大于人迎数倍，身不痛耳。内无热与伤冷物者，治中汤加砂仁一
钱，下红丸子、小七香丸。内有热与伤热物者，上二黄丸、枳术导滞丸、通用保和
丸、枳术丸、曲 枳术丸、木香枳术丸、槟榔丸、木香槟榔丸。伤肉食湿面辛辣浓
味之物，填塞闷乱，胸膈不快，三黄枳术丸。伤湿面，心腹满闷，肢体沉重，除湿
益气丸。伤热食，痞闷兀兀欲吐，烦乱不安，上二黄丸。伤湿热之物，不得旋化，
而作痞满，闷乱不安，枳术导滞丸。伤蟹，紫苏丁香汤。伤豆粉湿面油腻之物，白
术丸。食狗肉不消，心下坚，或腹胀口干，发热妄语，煮芦根汁饮之。食鱼脍及生
肉在胸膈不化，必成 瘕，捣马鞭草汁及生姜汁饮之。伤冷食，半夏枳术丸，小便
淋加泽泻，寒热不调，每服加上二黄丸十丸，或用木香干姜枳术丸、丁香烂饭丸。
张仲景治宿食在上脘，以瓜蒂散吐之，不即下之。凡脉浮而大，按之反涩，尺中亦
微而涩，或数而滑，或紧如转索无常，及下利不欲食者，皆宿食也。皆用大承气汤
下之。其人热，其伤物亦热者，宜之。其人寒，其伤物亦寒者，不宜也。戴云∶伤
食腹痛胀满，大便不通者，遂成食积，小七香丸一帖，用水一盏，姜三片，煎八分
去滓，吞感应丸，此下伤冷之方也。大抵气口脉紧盛者宜下。尺脉绝者宜吐。经曰∶
气口脉盛伤于食，心胃满而口无味。口与气口同，口曰坤者，口乃脾之候，故胃伤
而气口紧盛。夫伤有多少，有轻重，如气口一盛，得脉六至，则伤于厥阴，乃伤之
轻也，枳术丸之类主之。气口二盛，脉得七至，则伤于少阴，乃伤之重也，雄黄圣
饼子、木香槟榔丸、枳壳丸之类主之。气口三盛，脉得八至九至，则伤太阴，填塞
闷乱，则心胃大痛，备急丸、神保丸、消积丸之类主之。兀兀欲吐不已，俗呼食迷
风是也。经曰∶上部有脉，下部无脉，其人当吐不吐者死，瓜蒂散主之。如不能吐，
是无治也。经曰∶其高者因而越之，此之谓也。或曰盛食填塞胸中痞乱，两寸脉当
用事，今反两尺脉不见，其理安在？曰∶胸中有食，是木郁宜达，故探吐之。食者
物也，物者坤土也，是足太阴之号也。胸中者肺也，为物所塞，肺者手太阴金也，
金主杀伐，与坤土俱在手上，而旺于天。金能克木，故肝木发生之气伏于地下，非
木郁而何。吐去上焦阴土之物，木得舒畅则郁结去矣。食塞于上，脉绝于下，若不
明天地之道，无由达此至理。水火者，阴阳之征兆，天地之别名也。故独阳不生，
独阴不长。天之用在于地下，则万物生长。地之用在于天上，则万物收藏。此乃天
地交而万物通也，此天地相根之道也。故阳火之根本于地下，阴水之源本于天上，
故曰水出高源。故人五脏主有形之物，物者阴也，阴者水也，右三部脉主之，偏见
于寸口，食塞于上，是绝五脏之源，源绝则水不下流，两尺脉之绝，此其理也，何
疑之有。然必视所伤之物冷热，随证加减，如伤冷物一分，热物二分，则用寒药二
停，热药一停，随时消息。经云∶必先岁气，无伐天和，此之谓也。既有三阴可下
之法，亦必有三阴可补之法。故曰内伤三阴可用温剂。若饮冷内伤，虽云损胃，未
知色脉，各在何经。若面色青黑，脉浮沉不一，弦而弱者，伤在厥阴。若面色红
赤，脉浮沉不一，细而微者，伤在少阴。若面色黄洁，脉浮沉不一，缓而迟者，伤
在太阴也。伤在厥阴肝之经，当归四逆汤加吴茱萸、生姜汤之类主之。伤在少阴肾
之经，通脉四逆汤主之。伤在太阴脾之经，理中丸汤主之。大便 者宜汤，结者宜
丸。凡诸脾脉微洪，伤苦涩物。经曰∶咸胜苦。微弦，伤冷硬物。经云∶温以克之。
微涩，伤辛辣物。经云∶苦胜辛。微滑，伤腥咸物。经云∶甘胜咸。弦紧，伤酸硬
物。经云∶辛胜酸。洪缓，伤甜烂物。经云∶酸胜甘。微迟，伤冷痰积聚恶物，温
胃化痰。单伏主物不消化，曲 、三棱、广术之类。浮洪而数，皆中酒，葛根、陈
皮、茯苓。伤食作泻不止，于应服药中，加肉豆蔻、益智仁以收固之。伤食兼感风
寒，其证与前同，但添身疼，气口人迎俱盛，俗谓夹食伤寒，宜生料五积散，或养
胃汤、香苏饮、和解饮。
【伤酒】恶心呕逆，吐出宿酒，昏冒眩晕，头痛如破，宜冲和汤、半夏茯苓汤，
或理中汤加干葛七分，或用末子理中汤和缩脾饮。酒渴，缩脾汤，或煎干葛汤调五
苓散。久困于酒，遂成酒积，腹痛泄泻，或暴饮有灰酒亦能致然，并宜酒煮黄连丸。
多饮结成酒癖，腹中有块，随气上下，冲和汤加蓬术半钱。酒停胸膈为痰饮者，枳
实半夏汤加神曲、麦芽各半钱，冲和汤加半夏一钱，茯苓七分。解酒毒无如枝矩子
之妙，一名枳 ，一名木蜜，俗呼癞汉指头，北人名曰烂瓜，江南谓之白石树，杭
州货卖名蜜屈立，诗所谓南山有枸是也。树形似白杨，其子着枝端，如小指，长数
寸，屈曲相连，春生秋熟，经霜后取食如饧美。以此木作屋柱，令一室之酒味皆淡
薄。赵以德治酒人发热，用枝矩子而愈，即此也。东垣云∶酒者大热有毒，气味俱
阳，乃无形之物也。若伤之，止当发散，汗出则愈矣。其次莫如利小便，乃上下分
消其湿。今之病酒者，往往服酒症丸，大热之药下之，又有用牵牛、大黄下之者，
是无形元气受病，反下有形阴血，乖误甚矣。酒性大热巳伤元气，而复重泻之，亦
损肾水真阴，及有形血气，俱为不足，如此则阴血愈虚，真水愈弱，阳毒之热大旺，
反增其阴火，是以元气消铄，折人长命，不然则虚损之病成矣。酒疸下之，久则为
黑疸，慎不可犯，宜以葛花解酲汤主之。海藏云∶治酒病宜发汗，若利小便，炎焰
不肯下行，故曰火郁则发之。以辛温散之，是从其体性也。是知利小便，则湿去热
不去。若动大便，尤为疏陋。盖大便者，有形质之物，酒者无形之水，从汗发之，
是为近理。湿热俱去，故治以苦温，发其火也；佐以苦寒，除其湿也。按酒之为物，
气热而质湿，饮之而昏醉狂易者热也，宜以汗去之。既醒则热去而湿留，止宜利小
便而已。二者宜酌而用之，大抵葛花解酲汤备矣。
《黄帝内经》说：各种因燥邪导致的干枯、干涩、皮肤皱裂，都属于燥证。这是阳明燥金（肺与大肠）之气的作用。燥邪致病，都归属于燥金的化生，然而能使金气变燥的是火，所以说，使万物干燥的，没有比火更厉害的了。金是阴气的主宰，是水液的源头，如果受到燥气侵袭，上部的寒水生化之源枯竭断绝，不能灌溉全身，滋养骨骼肌肉，导致面色干枯而没有润泽的皮肤，毫毛不生，这是有其原因的。或者大病之后攻伐太过，或者呕吐腹泻导致津液亡失，或者养生预防时误服金石类药物，或者房劳过度导致虚损，服用补虚的燥热药剂，饮食味道过于浓烈，辛辣温热食物过多，饮用纯酒、吃烤炙肉类，都能偏助狂躁之火而损害真阴。阴中潜伏的火气，日渐煎熬，血液衰耗，使得燥热更加严重从而引发各种疾病。表现在体表则皮肤皱裂，在上部则咽喉鼻腔焦干，在中部则水液减少而烦渴，在下部则肠胃干枯，津液不润而导致大便困难，在四肢手足则痿弱无力，在脉象上则细涩而微弱，这些都是阴血被火热所伤的结果。治疗方法应当使用甘寒滋润的药剂，甘味能生血，寒性能胜热，阴液得到滋润而火势减退，津液得到润养而燥邪消除，水源下降，精血上荣，这样气液宣通，内在精神茂盛而外在色泽光亮了。滋燥养荣汤、大补地黄丸、清凉饮子、导滞通幽汤、润肠丸、八正散，都是治疗燥病时根据症状斟酌使用的方药。
李东垣说：《素问·阴阳应象大论》说：水谷的寒热属性，感受后就会伤害六腑。《素问·痹论》说：阴气，安静时神志内守，躁动时则消亡。饮食过量一倍，肠胃就会受伤。这是笼统的说法。分开来说，分为“饮”和“食”。饮就是水，属于无形的气。如果大量饮水则气机逆乱，形体受寒又喝冷饮则伤肺，肺病则出现喘咳、水肿、水泻。轻症应当发汗、利小便，使湿气从上到下分消，解酲汤、五苓散、生姜、半夏、枳实、白术等药物就是这类治法。如果重症且蓄积成满胀者，用芫花、大戟、甘遂、牵牛子等药泻下，这是基本大法。食就是食物，属于有形的血（质）。如《素问·生气通天论》说：如果饱食过度，筋脉松弛横解，肠道会形成痔疮。又说：饮食损伤太阴、厥阴经，寸口脉比人迎脉大二倍或三倍者，或者呕吐，或者痞满，或者下利肠鸣，应当分辨寒热轻重来治疗。轻症则内部消散，重症则攻下排除。如果是伤于生冷食物，用半夏、神曲、干姜、三棱、莪术、巴豆等药主治。如果是伤于热性食物，用枳实、白术、青皮、陈皮、麦冬、黄连、大黄等药主治。也有适宜用吐法的，《素问·阴阳应象大论》说：病位在上方的，顺势使其涌吐而出。瓜蒂散等方剂主治。然而不可用药过量，过量反而损伤脾胃。因为原本就是饮食自伤，又加上药物过量，所以肠胃再次受伤，气机不能运化，食物更难消化，逐渐导致身体瘦弱困顿。所以《素问·五常政大论》说：用大毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之六就停药；用小毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之七就停药；用常毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之八就停药；用无毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之九就停药，不可超过这个限度。这是圣人的深刻告诫。伤食的证候，胸膈痞塞，呕吐反酸，打嗝有腐败卵臭味，畏食头痛，发热恶寒，病症类似伤寒，但气口脉比人迎脉大数倍，身体不痛罢了。体内无热且伤于冷物者，用治中汤加一钱砂仁，或服用红丸子、小七香丸。体内有热且伤于热物者，用上二黄丸、枳术导滞丸、通用保和丸、枳术丸、神曲枳术丸、木香枳术丸、槟榔丸、木香槟榔丸。伤于肉食、湿面、辛辣浓味之物，导致填塞闷乱，胸膈不快，用三黄枳术丸。伤于湿面，心腹满闷，肢体沉重，用除湿益气丸。伤于热食，痞闷恶心欲吐，烦乱不安，用上二黄丸。伤于湿热之物，不能迅速运化，导致痞满闷乱不安，用枳术导滞丸。伤于蟹肉，用紫苏丁香汤。伤于豆粉、湿面、油腻之物，用白术丸。食用狗肉不消化，心下坚硬，或腹胀口干，发热谵语，煮芦根汁饮用。食用鱼生及生肉在胸膈不化，必然形成瘕块，捣马鞭草汁及生姜汁饮用。伤于冷食，用半夏枳术丸，若小便淋沥加泽泻，寒热不调，每服加十丸上二黄丸，或用木香干姜枳术丸、丁香烂饭丸。张仲景治疗宿食停留在上脘，用瓜蒂散催吐，不急于攻下。凡是脉浮而大，按之反涩，尺中脉也微而涩，或数而滑，或紧如转索无常，以及下利不欲食者，都是宿食。都用大承气汤攻下。其人发热，所伤食物也是热性的，适宜用此法。其人怕冷，所伤食物也是寒性的，不适宜用此法。戴元礼说：伤食导致腹痛胀满，大便不通的，遂成食积，用小七香丸一帖，用水一盏，生姜三片，煎至八分，去渣，吞服感应丸，这是治疗伤冷食的方子。大抵气口脉紧盛者适宜攻下。尺脉绝者适宜催吐。经书说：气口脉盛是伤于食，心胃满闷而口中无味。口与气口同属，口称为坤者，口是脾的外候，所以胃受伤而气口紧盛。伤食有多少之分，有轻重之别，如气口脉大一倍，脉象六至，则是伤于厥阴经，属于轻伤，用枳术丸等主治。气口脉大两倍，脉象七至，则是伤于少阴经，属于重伤，用雄黄圣饼子、木香槟榔丸、枳壳丸等主治。气口脉大三倍，脉象八至九至，则是伤于太阴经，填塞闷乱，心胃剧痛，用备急丸、神保丸、消积丸等主治。恶心欲吐不止，俗称食迷风。经书说：上部有脉，下部无脉，其人应当吐而不吐的会死亡，用瓜蒂散主治。如果不能吐，就没有办法治疗了。经书说：病位高的，顺势使其涌吐而出，说的就是这个道理。有人问：盛食填塞胸中痞乱，两寸脉应当旺盛，现在反而两尺脉不见，其中的道理是什么？回答说：胸中有食，这是肝木郁结，适宜疏达，所以用探吐法。食是食物，物属坤土，是足太阴脾的代号。胸中是肺所在，被食物堵塞，肺是手太阴金，金主杀伐，与坤土俱在手上，而旺于天。金能克木，所以肝木发生之气伏于地下，这不是木郁是什么呢？吐出上焦阴土的食物，木气得以舒畅则郁结去除。食塞于上，脉绝于下，如果不明白天地之道，无法通达这一至理。水火是阴阳的征兆，天地的别名。所以独阳不生，独阴不长。天的作用在于地下，则万物生长。地的作用在于天上，则万物收藏。这是天地交泰而万物通畅，这是天地相根的道理。所以阳火的根本在于地下，阴水的源头本于天上，所以说水出高源。人的五脏主管有形之物，物属阴，阴属水，由右三部脉主司，偏见于寸口，食塞于上，是断绝五脏之源，源绝则水不下流，两尺脉绝，这就是其中的道理，有什么可怀疑的呢？然而必须观察所伤食物的冷热，随证加减，如伤冷食一分，热食二分，则用寒药二份，热药一份，随时斟酌。经书说：必须先考虑岁气，不要破坏天和，说的就是这个道理。既然有三阴经可下的方法，也必然有三阴经可补的方法。所以说内伤三阴可用温剂。如果因饮冷内伤，虽然说是损伤胃，但未知色脉，各在哪一经。如果面色青黑，脉浮沉不一，弦而弱的，伤在厥阴经。如果面色红赤，脉浮沉不一，细而微的，伤在少阴经。如果面色黄洁，脉浮沉不一，缓而迟的，伤在太阴经。伤在厥阴肝经，用当归四逆汤加吴茱萸、生姜汤等主治。伤在少阴肾经，用通脉四逆汤主治。伤在太阴脾经，用理中丸汤主治。大便溏泄的用汤剂，便秘的用丸剂。凡诸脾脉微洪，是伤于苦涩之物。经书说：咸胜苦。脉微弦，是伤于冷硬之物。经书说：温以克之。脉微涩，是伤于辛辣之物。经书说：苦胜辛。脉微滑，是伤于腥咸之物。经书说：甘胜咸。脉弦紧，是伤于酸硬之物。经书说：辛胜酸。脉洪缓，是伤于甜烂之物。经书说：酸胜甘。脉微迟，是伤于冷痰积聚恶物，宜温胃化痰。单伏脉主食物不消化，用神曲、三棱、莪术等药。脉浮洪而数，都是中酒毒，用葛根、陈皮、茯苓。伤食导致腹泻不止，在应服药中加入肉豆蔻、益智仁以收敛固涩。伤食兼感风寒，证候与前相同，只是增添身疼，气口人迎脉俱盛，俗谓夹食伤寒，宜用生料五积散，或养胃汤、香苏饮、和解饮。
【伤酒】恶心呕吐，吐出宿酒，昏冒眩晕，头痛如破，宜用冲和汤、半夏茯苓汤，或理中汤加七分干葛，或用末子理中汤合缩脾饮。酒后口渴，用缩脾汤，或煎干葛汤调服五苓散。长期酗酒，遂成酒积，腹痛泄泻，或暴饮灰酒也能导致这种情况，都宜用酒煮黄连丸。多饮结成酒癖，腹中有块，随气上下移动，用冲和汤加半钱蓬术。酒停胸膈成为痰饮者，用枳实半夏汤加神曲、麦芽各半钱，或冲和汤加半夏一钱、茯苓七分。解酒毒没有比枳椇子更妙的，一名枳椇，一名木蜜，俗呼癞汉指头，北方人叫烂瓜，江南叫白石树，杭州货卖名叫蜜屈立，诗经所说的南山有枸就是它。树形似白杨，其子着生在枝端，如小指大小，长数寸，屈曲相连，春生秋熟，经霜后取食像饴糖一样甜美。以此木作屋柱，令一室的酒味皆淡薄。赵以德治疗饮酒人发热，用枳椇子而痊愈，就是此理。李东垣说：酒是大热有毒的，气味俱阳，是无形的物质。如果伤了酒，只应当发散，出汗就好了。其次不如利小便，乃上下分消其湿。现在的病酒者，往往服酒症丸，用大热药攻下，又有用牵牛子、大黄攻下的，这是无形元气受病，反而下有形阴血，错误很大。酒性大热已经损伤元气，如果再重泻，也损伤肾水真阴，以及有形血气，都变得不足，如此则阴血愈虚，真水愈弱，阳毒之热大旺，反而增加阴火，因此元气消铄，折损人的寿命，不然则变成虚损之病。酒疸如果用下法，久了会变成黑疸，千万不可犯，宜用葛花解酲汤主治。海藏说：治疗酒病宜发汗，如果利小便，炎焰不肯下行，所以说火郁则发之。用辛温药散发，是顺从其体性。由此可知利小便，则湿去热不去。如果动大便，尤为粗疏浅陋。盖大便是有形质的东西，酒是无形的液体，从汗发散，是比较合理的。湿热俱去，所以治以苦温，发散火邪；佐以苦寒，清除湿气。按酒这种东西，气热而质湿，饮之而昏醉狂易的是热，宜以汗去之。既醒则热去而湿留，只宜利小便而已。二者宜斟酌使用，大抵葛花解酲汤已经完备了。
The *Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "All dryness, withering, drying up, stiffness, and cracking of the skin belong to Dryness." This is the qi of Yangming Dryness Metal (the Lung and Large Intestine). Diseases caused by Dryness all belong to the transformation of Dryness Metal. However, what causes Metal to become dry is Fire; therefore, it is said that among all things that dry out the world, none is greater than Fire. Metal is the master of Yin and the source of Water. When it receives Dryness qi, the source of Cold Water's generation and transformation at the upper jiao becomes exhausted and cut off, unable to irrigate the whole body and nourish the bones and muscles. Consequently, the complexion becomes dry without luster, the skin lacks moisture, and hair fails to grow; this has its origins. Whether due to excessive purging after a severe illness, loss of Jin-Ye (body fluids) from vomiting and diarrhea, accidental ingestion of mineral drugs for health preservation, deficiency resulting from sexual exhaustion, taking drying tonics to supplement deficiency, overly strong flavors in diet, excessive spicy and hot foods, pure wine, or roasted meats—all these can bias and assist raging Fire, damaging True Yin. Fire lurking within Yin slowly cauterizes day by day, depleting blood and essence, making Dryness-Heat even more severe and causing various diseases. Externally, the skin cracks; superiorly, the throat and nose become scorched and dry; centrally, body fluids decrease causing vexation and thirst; inferiorly, the intestines and stomach become withered, lacking fluid lubrication leading to difficult defecation; in the hands and feet, there is flaccidity and weakness; in the pulse, it is fine, choppy, and faint. All these result from Yin-Blood being damaged by Fire-Heat. The treatment method should employ sweet-cold moistening agents. Sweetness generates Blood, and Cold overcomes Heat. When Yin is nourished, Fire is subdued; when fluids are moistened, Dryness is eliminated. The source descends, Essence and Blood ascend to nourish; thus, Qi and fluids circulate freely, internal spirit flourishes, and external luster appears. Zaozao Yangrong Tang (Drying-Drying Nourishing Blood Decoction), Dabu Dihuang Wan (Great Tonification Rehmannia Pill), Qingliang Yinzi (Cooling Clearing Infusion), Daozhi Tongyou Tang (Guiding Stagnation Opening the Hidden Decoction), Runchang Wan (Moistening Intestine Pill), Bazheng San (Eight Correct Powders)—these are formulas and herbs used酌情 (according to symptoms) in treating Dryness diseases.
Li Dongyuan stated: The *Yin-Yang Ying-Xiang Lun* (Treatise on the Correspondence of Yin-Yang and Phenomena) says: "The cold and heat of water and grain, when perceived, harm the Six Fu organs." The *Bi Lun* (Treatise on Bi Syndrome) says: "Yin Qi, when still, preserves the Spirit in the Zang organs; when agitated, it dissipates and perishes." "If food and drink exceed normal amounts by double, the intestines and stomach are injured." This is a general statement. Divided into two, there is "Drink" (fluids) and "Food" (solids). Drink refers to water, which is formless Qi. If one drinks excessively, Qi rebels; if the body is chilled and cold drinks are taken, the Lung is injured, leading to asthma, cough, edema, or watery diarrhea. For mild cases, induce sweating and promote urination to disperse dampness from above and below. Jiecheng Tang (Resolve Intoxication Decoction), Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), etc., are examples. For severe cases with accumulation and fullness, use Yuanhua (Kadua Root), Daji (Euphorbia Lathyris Root), Gansui (Kansui Root), Qianniu (Pharbitis Seed) to purge downwards; this is the general principle. Food refers to substances, which are formed Blood (substance). As the *Sheng-Qi Tong-Tian Lun* (Treatise on Life Energy Connecting to Heaven) says: "If one eats until full, sinews and vessels relax horizontally, and hemorrhoids form in the intestines." It also says: "Food injury to Taiyin and Jueyin meridians, where the Cunkou pulse is two or three times larger than the Renying pulse, may present with vomiting, epigastric fullness, or diarrhea with bowel sounds. Treat according to cold/heat and severity." For mild cases, resolve internally; for severe cases, purge downwards. If injured by cold/raw foods, treat with Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Sanleng (Sparganium Rhizome), Ezhu (Curcuma Rhizome), Badou (Croton Seed). If injured by hot foods, treat with Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Qingpi (Green Tangerina Peel), Chenpi (Aged Tangerina Peel), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root). Vomiting is also indicated in some cases. The *Yin-Yang Ying-Xiang Lun* says: "For pathogens located superiorly, induce vomiting." Guadi San (Melon Pedicle Powder) is used. However, do not overdose, as excess damages the Spleen and Stomach. Since the injury was initially self-inflicted by diet, adding excessive medication further injures the intestines and stomach, preventing Qi transformation and making digestion harder, gradually leading to emaciation and fatigue. Thus, the *Wu-Chang Zheng Da Lun* (Great Treatise on the Five Regular Movements) states: "When using highly toxic drugs, stop when 60% of the disease is gone; moderately toxic, 70%; mildly toxic, 80%; non-toxic, 90%. Do not exceed these limits." This is a profound warning from the sages. Symptoms of food stagnation include epigastric stuffiness, vomiting with acid regurgitation, belching with rotten egg odor, aversion to food, headache, fever, and aversion to cold—resembling Shaoyang syndrome—but the Qikou pulse is several times larger than the Renying pulse, and the body does not ache. If there is no internal heat and the injury is from cold foods, treat with Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) plus 1 qian of Sharen (Amomum Fruit), or administer Hongwanzi (Red Pill) or Xiaoqixiang Wan (Little Fragrant Pill). If there is internal heat and injury from hot foods, use Shang'erhuang Wan (Upper Two Yellows Pill), Zhizhu Daozhi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Guiding Stagnation Pill), Tongyong Baohe Wan (Universal Preserve Harmony Pill), Zhizhu Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill), Qu-Zhizhu Wan (Medicated Leaven-Immature Bitter Orange-Atractylodes Pill), Muxiang Zhizhu Wan (Costus Immature Bitter Orange-Atractylodes Pill), Binglang Wan (Areca Seed Pill), or Muxiang Binglang Wan (Costus Areca Seed Pill). For injuries from meat, wet dough, spicy, or rich foods causing stuffiness and mental confusion, use Sanhuang Zhizhu Wan (Three Yellows Immature Bitter Orange-Atractylodes Pill). For wet dough injury causing abdominal fullness and heavy limbs, use Chushi Yiqi Wan (Remove Dampness Tonify Qi Pill). For hot food injury causing stifling sensation, nausea, and restlessness, use Shang'erhuang Wan. For damp-heat food injury failing to transform quickly, causing fullness and agitation, use Zhizhu Daozhi Wan. For crab injury, use Zisu Dingxiang Tang (Perilla Clove Decoction). For bean curd, wet dough, or greasy food injury, use Baizhu Wan (Atractylodes Pill). For undigested dog meat causing hardness under the heart, abdominal distension, dry mouth, fever, and delirium, boil and drink Reeds (Lugen) juice. For raw fish or meat stuck in the chest/stomach forming masses, crush and drink Verbena (Mabiancao) juice mixed with Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) juice. For cold food injury, use Banxia Zhizhu Wan; add Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome) for dysuria; for alternating chills and fever, add 10 pills of Shang'erhuang Wan per dose, or use Muxiang Ganjiang Zhizhu Wan (Costus Dried Ginger Immature Bitter Orange-Atractylodes Pill) or Dingxiang Lanfan Wan (Clove Rotten Rice Pill). Zhang Zhongjing treated retained food in the Upper Jiao by inducing vomiting with Guadi San, avoiding immediate purgation. Pulses that are floating and large but choppy upon pressure, or faint and choppy at the Chi position, or rapid and slippery, or tight like a turning rope, along with diarrhea and anorexia, indicate retained food. Use Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) to purge. This is suitable if the patient is hot and the ingested food was hot. It is unsuitable if the patient is cold and the food was cold. Dai Yun stated: For food stagnation causing abdominal pain, distension, and constipation leading to food accumulation, take one dose of Xiaoqixiang Wan decocted with 1 cup of water and 3 slices of ginger to 80% volume, strain, and swallow with Yinggan Wan; this treats cold food injury. Generally, a tight and vigorous Qikou pulse indicates suitability for purgation. An absent Chi pulse indicates suitability for vomiting. The Classics state: "A vigorous Qikou pulse indicates food injury; the Heart and Stomach feel full, and the mouth loses taste." The mouth corresponds to Kun (Earth); the mouth reflects the Spleen, so Stomach injury leads to a tight Qikou pulse. Food injury varies in amount and severity. If the Qikou pulse is 1x stronger with 6 beats per respiration, it injures the Jueyin Meridian (mild injury); treat with Zhizhu Wan. If 2x stronger with 7 beats, it injures the Shaoyin Meridian (severe injury); treat with Xionghuang Shengbingzi (Realgar Holy Cake), Muxiang Binglang Wan, or Zhike Wan. If 3x stronger with 8-9 beats, it injures the Taiyin Meridian, causing severe stuffiness and heart/stomach pain; treat with Beiji Wan (Emergency Pill), Shenbao Wan (Spirit Treasure Pill), or Xiaoji Wan (Eliminate Accumulation Pill). Persistent nausea is colloquially called "Food Stupefaction Wind." The Classics say: "Pulse present at the upper position but absent at the lower position; if the patient should vomit but cannot, death ensues." Treat with Guadi San. If vomiting is impossible, there is no cure. The Classics say: "What is high, vent upwards," referring to this. Some ask: If food blocks the chest causing confusion, the Cun pulses should be active, yet the Chi pulses are absent. What is the reason? Answer: Food in the chest causes Liver Wood depression, requiring dispersion via vomiting. Food is Earth (Kun), associated with Foot Taiyin. The chest houses the Lung (Hand Taiyin Metal). Metal controls Wood. With Earth blocking the upper Jiao, the generating Qi of Liver Wood is suppressed underground—is this not Wood Depression? Vomiting removes the Yin-Earth substance from the Upper Jiao, allowing Wood Qi to flow freely and resolving depression. Food blocked above, pulse absent below; without understanding the Way of Heaven and Earth, this profound truth cannot be reached. Water and Fire are manifestations of Yin-Yang and aliases of Heaven-Earth. Thus, solitary Yang does not generate, solitary Yin does not grow. Heaven's function lies beneath the earth, promoting growth; Earth's function lies above heaven, promoting storage. This is Heaven-Earth interaction facilitating all things, the root connection between Heaven and Earth. Yang Fire's root is in the earth; Yin Water's source is in the heavens; hence "Water flows from high sources." The Five Zang organs govern formed substances (Yin/Water), governed by the Right Three Pulses, manifesting at the Qikou. Food blocking above cuts off the source of the Five Zang; if the source is cut, Water does not flow down, explaining the absence of Chi pulses. One must adjust based on the cold/hot nature of the ingested food. E.g., if 1 part cold food and 2 parts hot food, use 2 parts cold medicine and 1 part hot medicine, adjusting as needed. The Classics say: "First consider the annual Qi, do not violate Heavenly Harmony." Just as there are methods to purge the Three Yin, there are methods to tonify them. Hence, internal injury to the Three Yin can be treated with warm agents. If injured by cold drinks, although it damages the Stomach, without knowing the color and pulse, one cannot determine the meridian. If the face is blue-black, pulse floating/sinking irregular, wiry and weak, the injury is in the Jueyin Meridian. If red, pulse irregular, fine and faint, it is Shaoyin. If yellow and clear, pulse irregular, slow and delayed, it is Taiyin. Injury to Jueyin Liver Meridian: Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Sinensis Freeze-Thaw Decoction) plus Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit) and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger). Injury to Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblock Circulation Freeze-Thaw Decoction). Injury to Taiyin Spleen Meridian: Lizhong Wan/Tang (Regulate the Middle Pill/Decoction). Loose stools require decoctions; constipation requires pills. Various Spleen pulses: slightly surging indicates injury to bitter/astringent foods (Salty overcomes Bitter); slightly wiry indicates cold/hard foods (Warmth overcomes Cold); slightly choppy indicates spicy foods (Bitterness overcomes Pungency); slightly slippery indicates fishy/salty foods (Sweetness overcomes Saltiness); wiry-tight indicates sour/hard foods (Pungency overcomes Sourness); surging-slow indicates sweet/soft foods (Sourness overcomes Sweetness); slightly delayed indicates cold-phlegm accumulations (Warm Stomach, transform phlegm). Single hidden pulse indicates indigestion (use Shenqu, Sanleng, Ezhu). Floating-surging-rapid indicates alcohol intoxication (use Gegen/Pueraria, Chenpi, Fuling). For food stagnation causing persistent diarrhea, add Roudoukou (Nutmeg) and Yizhiren (Bletilla Seed) to astringe. For food stagnation complicated by Wind-Cold, symptoms are similar but with body ache, and both Qikou and Renying pulses are vigorous (colloquially "Food-Stagnation Cold Damage"); use Shengliao Wuji San (Raw Material Five Accumulations Powder), Yangwei Tang (Nourish Stomach Decoction), Xiangsu Yin (Fragrant Perilla Infusion), or Hejie Yin (Harmonize and Resolve Infusion).
[Alcohol Injury] Nausea, vomiting old wine, dizziness, vertigo, headache as if breaking: use Chonghe Tang (Harmony Decoction), Banxia Fuling Tang (Pinellia Polyporus Decoction), or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) plus 7 fen of Gan Ge (Kudzu Root), or powder form of Lizhong Tang mixed with Suopi Yin (Spleen-Contraction Infusion). Thirst after drinking: Suopi Tang (Spleen-Contraction Decoction) or Gan Ge Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) mixed with Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder). Chronic alcoholism leading to alcohol accumulation, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, or binge drinking gray wine: all treated with Jiuzhu Huanglian Wan (Wine-Boiled Coptis Pill). Alcohol癖 (masses) forming in the abdomen moving with Qi: Chonghe Tang plus Ban qian of Pengzhu (Curcuma Longa Rhizome). Alcohol stopping in the chest/diaphragm becoming Phlegm-Fluid: Zhishi Banxia Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Pinellia Decoction) plus Shenqu and Maiya (Barley Sprout) half qian each; or Chonghe Tang plus Banxia 1 qian, Fuling 7 fen. No herb is better than Zhiju Zi (Hovenia Dulcis Seed) for resolving alcohol toxicity. Also known as Zhiju, Mumie, vulgarly "Leper's Finger," Northern name "Rotten Melon," Jiangnan name "White Stone Tree," Hangzhou trade name "Mi Quli," referred to in poetry as "Southern Mountain has Ju." Tree resembles white poplar; fruit grows at branch tips, size of a little finger, long several inches, curved and connected, born in spring, ripe in autumn, sweet like maltose after frost. Using this wood for house pillars makes wine in the room taste bland. Zhao Yi-de cured alcohol-induced fever using Zhiju Zi. Li Dongyuan said: Alcohol is Great Heat and Toxic, its aroma and flavor are purely Yang, a formless substance. If injured by alcohol, only dispersal (sweating) works; once sweat occurs, it heals. Next best is promoting urination to disperse dampness from above and below. Modern practitioners often use Jiuzheng Wan (Alcohol Disease Pill), highly heating purgatives, or Qianniu/Dahuang to purge. This harms formless Yuan Qi while purging formed Yin Blood—a great error. Alcohol's Great Heat already damages Yuan Qi; re-purging damages Kidney Water True Yin and formed Blood/Qi, leading to deficiency. Thus, Yin-Blood becomes more deficient, True Water weaker, Yang-Toxin Heat flares, increasing Yin-Fire, consuming Yuan Qi, shortening life, or causing consumptive disease. Jaundice from alcohol (Jiu Dan) purged too long becomes Black Jaundice (Hei Dan); avoid this. Use Gegua Jiecheng Tang (Kudeta Flower Resolve Intoxication Decoction). Haizang said: Treat alcohol disease by sweating. If promoting urination, flame does not descend; thus "Fire Depression requires dispersion." Use pungent-warm to scatter, following its nature. Promoting urination removes dampness but not heat. Moving bowels is crude. Bowels are formed substances; alcohol is formless liquid. Sweating is more logical. Both dampness and heat are removed; treat with bitter-warm to fire-disperse, assisted by bitter-cold to remove dampness. Alcohol is Qi-Heat and Substance-Damp. Intoxication/raving is Heat, treat by sweating. After waking, Heat leaves, Damp remains; only promote urination. Choose between these two appropriately; Gegua Jiecheng Tang is comprehensive.