舌属手少阴心经。（《素问》曰∶心在窍为舌，畏寒。《内经》曰∶心气通于舌，心和则舌
能知五味矣。病则舌卷短，颧赤，其脉搏坚而长。乔岳曰∶心绝则舌不能收，及不能语）。又属足太
阴脾经。（李东垣曰∶舌者心也，复能知味，是舌中有脾也。《灵枢》曰∶足太阴之正，贯舌中。《素
问》曰∶中央黄色，入通于脾，故病在舌本。《灵枢》又曰∶足太阴是动则病舌本强，所生病者舌本
痛。《素问》刺舌下中脉太过，血出不止为喑。注∶舌下脉脾脉也。喑，不能言也。孙景思曰∶舌者，
心气之所主，脾脉之所通，二脏不和，风邪中之，则舌强不能言；壅热攻之，则舌肿不能转。更有重
舌木舌，舌肿出血等证，皆由心脾二经风热所乘而然也。）又兼属足阳明胃经。（张鸡峰曰∶脾胃主四肢，
其脉连舌本，而络于唇口。胃为水谷之海，脾气蘑而消之，由是水谷之精化为营卫，以养四肢。若起
居失节，饮食不时，则致脾胃之气不足，而营卫之养不周，风邪乘虚而干之，则四肢与唇口俱痹，语
言謇涩，久久不治，变为痿疾。经云∶治痿独取阳明，谓足阳明也。治法宜多用脾胃药，少服去风药
则可安矣。）又属足少阴肾经。（《灵枢》曰∶足少阴之正，直者系舌本，
舌纵涎下，烦 ，取足少阴。《玄珠》曰∶舌之下窍，肾之津液所朝也。注∶下窍，廉泉穴也，一名
舌本，在颔下结喉上。《素问》曰∶刺足少阴脉，重虚出血，为舌难以言）。又属足厥阴肝经。（《灵
枢》曰∶肝者筋之合也，筋者聚于阴器，而脉络于舌本）。舌主尝五味，以荣养于身，资于脾，以分
布津液于五脏，故心之本脉系于舌根，脾之络脉系于舌旁，肝脉循阴器络于舌本，心脾虚风热乘之则
为病。风寒湿所中，则舌卷缩而不能言，宜小续命汤。挟热，升麻汤加桔梗漱之，碧雪敷之。七情所
郁，则舌肿满不得息，宜《本事方》乌、星、姜末，贴手足心。心热则裂而疮，木舌重舌，宜三黄丸，
真蒲黄掺之；《三因》龙石散，三黄丸末，水调贴脚心；升麻汤加桔梗、玄参、黄芩。又，白矾、大
黄、朴硝擦漱。又，醋调五灵脂末、乌贼骨、真蒲黄末涂之，服散肝经实热之药。脾热则滑而胎，脾
闭则白胎如雪，宜薄荷汁、白蜜、姜片揩之。肝壅则血上涌，宜蒲黄或槐花末掺之，服清肝之药。薛
新甫云∶如口舌肿痛，或状如无皮，或发热作渴，为中气虚热，宜清热补气汤。若眼如烟触，体倦少
食，或午后益甚，为阴血虚热，宜清热补血汤。若咽痛舌疮，口干足热，日晡益甚，为肾经虚火，宜
六味丸。若四肢逆冷，恶寒饮食，或痰甚眼赤，为命
门火衰，宜八味丸。若发热作渴，饮冷便闭，为肠胃实火，宜凉膈散。若发热恶寒，口干喜汤，食少
体倦，为脾经虚热，宜加味归脾汤。若舌本作强，腮颊肿痛，为心脾壅热，宜玄参升麻汤。若痰盛作
渴，口舌肿痛，为上焦有热，宜清热化痰汤。若思虑过度，口舌生疮，咽喉不利，为脾经血伤火动，
宜加味归脾汤。若恚怒过度，寒热口苦，而舌肿痛，为肝经血伤火动，宜小柴胡汤加丹皮、山栀。血
虚者，用八珍加参、术、柴胡、山栀、丹皮，虚甚须加炮姜。
舌归属于手少阴心经。（《素问》说：心在开窍于舌，怕冷。《内经》说：心气通于舌，心气调和则舌能辨别五味。生病时舌体卷缩短小，颧骨部位发红，脉搏坚硬而长。乔岳说：心气绝则舌不能回收，且不能说话）。又归属于足太阴脾经。（李东垣说：舌属于心，又能辨别味道，是因为舌中有脾。《灵枢》说：足太阴脾经的正脉，贯穿舌中。《素问》说：中央黄色，入通于脾，所以病在舌根。《灵枢》又说：足太阴脾经发生变动则病舌根僵硬，所发生的疾病有舌根疼痛。《素问》说：针刺舌下脉络如果太过，出血不止会导致失音。注：舌下的脉络是脾的脉络。喑，指不能说话。孙景思说：舌，是心气所主管，脾脉所通达，两脏不和，风邪侵入其中，则舌强不能说话；壅滞的热邪攻冲它，则舌肿不能转动。更有重舌、木舌、舌肿出血等证候，都是由心脾二经受风热侵袭所致）。又兼属足阳明胃经。（张鸡峰说：脾胃主管四肢，其经脉连接舌根，并联络唇口。胃是水谷之海，脾气磨碎消化食物，因此水谷的精微化为营气和卫气，以滋养四肢。如果起居没有节制，饮食不按时，则导致脾胃之气不足，而营卫的滋养不周全，风邪乘虚而入，则四肢与唇口都麻痹，言语蹇涩，长久不治疗，变为痿证。经书说：治疗痿证独取阳明，指的是足阳明胃经。治疗方法宜多用调理脾胃的药，少服祛风的药则可以痊愈）。又属足少阴肾经。（《灵枢》说：足少阴肾经的正脉，直行的分支系于舌根，舌纵涎下，心烦，取足少阴经穴。《玄珠》说：舌下的窍道，是肾之津液汇聚的地方。注：下窍，指廉泉穴，又名舌本，位于下巴下结喉上方。《素问》说：针刺足少阴脉，若造成重虚并出血，会导致舌难以说话）。又属足厥阴肝经。（《灵枢》说：肝是筋的合聚之处，筋聚集于生殖器，而脉络联系于舌根）。舌主要用来品尝五味，从而荣养身体，依赖脾来分布津液于五脏，所以心的本脉系于舌根，脾的络脉系于舌旁，肝脉循行生殖器络于舌根，心脾虚弱受风热侵袭则为病。风寒湿邪中伤，则舌卷缩而不能说话，宜用小续命汤。挟带热邪，用升麻汤加桔梗含漱，碧雪外敷。七情郁结，则舌肿满不得呼吸，宜用《本事方》中的乌头、天南星、生姜末，贴敷手足心。心热则舌裂生疮，木舌重舌，宜用三黄丸，撒真蒲黄；《三因方》龙石散，三黄丸粉末，用水调匀贴脚心；升麻汤加桔梗、玄参、黄芩。另外，用白矾、大黄、朴硝擦漱。另外，醋调五灵脂末、乌贼骨、真蒲黄末涂之，服用疏散肝经实热的药物。脾热则舌滑而生苔，脾闭则白苔如雪，宜用薄荷汁、白蜜、姜片揩拭。肝气壅滞则血上涌，宜用蒲黄或槐花末撒之，服用清肝的药物。薛新甫说：如口舌肿痛，或状如无皮，或发热作渴，为中气虚热，宜用清热补气汤。若眼睛如烟熏，身体疲倦食少，或午后加重，为阴血虚热，宜用清热补血汤。若咽痛舌疮，口干足热，傍晚加重，为肾经虚火，宜用六味丸。若四肢逆冷，恶寒饮食，或痰多眼赤，为命门火衰，宜用八味丸。若发热作渴，饮冷便闭，为肠胃实火，宜用凉膈散。若发热恶寒，口干喜热饮，食少体倦，为脾经虚热，宜用加味归脾汤。若舌根僵硬，腮颊肿痛，为心脾壅热，宜用玄参升麻汤。若痰盛作渴，口舌肿痛，为上焦有热，宜用清热化痰汤。若思虑过度，口舌生疮，咽喉不利，为脾经血伤火动，宜用加味归脾汤。若恚怒过度，寒热口苦，而舌肿痛，为肝经血伤火动，宜用小柴胡汤加丹皮、山栀。血虚者，用八珍汤加人参、白术、柴胡、山栀、丹皮，虚甚须加炮姜。
The tongue belongs to the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian. (Suwen states: The heart opens into the tongue and fears cold. Neijing states: Heart qi connects with the tongue; when heart qi is harmonious, the tongue can discern the five flavors. In disease, the tongue rolls up and shortens, the cheekbones are red, and the pulse is firm and long. Qiao Yue states: When heart qi is exhausted, the tongue cannot retract, and speech is lost.) It also belongs to the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian. (Li Dongyuan states: The tongue belongs to the heart, yet it can discern flavors, indicating that spleen resides within the tongue. Lingju states: The regular pathway of the Foot Taiyin penetrates the middle of the tongue. Suwen states: The central color is yellow, entering to connect with the spleen; thus, disease manifests at the root of the tongue. Lingju further states: When the Foot Taiyin undergoes change, disease involves stiffness of the tongue root; diseases generated involve pain at the tongue root. Suwen states: If needling the vessels under the tongue is too excessive, causing unceasing bleeding, aphonia results. Note: The vessels under the tongue are the spleen vessels. Aphonia refers to the inability to speak. Sun Jingsi states: The tongue is governed by heart qi and connected by spleen meridians; if these two zang organs are disharmonious and wind pathogen invades, the tongue becomes stiff and speech is impaired; if obstructing heat attacks it, the tongue swells and cannot move. There are also conditions such as double tongue, wooden tongue, and bleeding from tongue swelling, all caused by wind-heat attacking the Heart and Spleen meridians.) It additionally relates to the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian. (Zhang Jifeng states: The spleen and stomach govern the four limbs; their meridians connect to the tongue root and network the lips and mouth. The stomach is the sea of water and grain; the spleen grinds and digests it, so the essence of water and grain transforms into Ying and Wei Qi to nourish the four limbs. If daily life lacks regulation and eating is irregular, spleen and stomach qi become deficient, and the nourishment of Ying and Wei is incomplete. Wind pathogen takes advantage of the deficiency to invade, causing numbness in the four limbs and lips/mouth, and slurred speech. If untreated for a long time, it transforms into flaccidity syndrome. The classics state: To treat flaccidity syndrome, exclusively select the Yangming, referring to the Foot Yangming. Treatment methods should prioritize spleen and stomach herbs and minimize wind-dispelling herbs to achieve recovery.) It also belongs to the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. (Lingju states: The regular pathway of the Foot Shaoyin, the straight branch, ties to the tongue root. Tongue protrusion with drooling and irritability, select Foot Shaoyin points. Xuanzhu states: The orifice below the tongue is where kidney fluids gather. Note: The lower orifice refers to the Lianquan acupoint, also known as Sheben, located below the chin above the laryngeal prominence. Suwen states: Needling the Foot Shaoyin vessel, if causing severe deficiency and bleeding, leads to difficulty in speaking.) It also belongs to the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. (Lingju states: The liver is the confluence of sinews; sinews gather at the genitalia and network the tongue root.) The tongue primarily tastes the five flavors to nourish the body, relying on the spleen to distribute body fluids to the five zang organs. Thus, the heart's main meridian ties to the tongue root, the spleen's collateral networks the sides of the tongue, and the liver meridian courses through the genitalia to network the tongue root. Deficiency of heart and spleen with wind-heat invasion causes disease. Invasion by wind-cold-dampness causes the tongue to curl and shrink, impairing speech; Xiaoxuming Tang is indicated. If accompanied by heat, Shengma Tang with Jiegeng for gargling, and Bixue applied externally are indicated. Depression of the seven emotions causes tongue swelling and fullness leading to breathing difficulty; U, Xing, Jiang powder from Ben Shi Fang applied to the palms and soles is indicated. Heart heat causes fissures and sores, wooden tongue, or double tongue; Sanhuang Wan with Zhen Puhuang sprinkled is indicated; Longshi San from Sancin, Sanhuang Wan powder mixed with water applied to the soles; Shengma Tang with Jiegeng, Xuanshen, Huangqin. Alternatively, Bai Fan, Dahuang, and Puxiao for rubbing and gargling. Alternatively, Wulingzhi powder, Haihegu, and Zhen Puhuang powder mixed with vinegar applied topically, along with herbs dispersing excess heat from the Liver meridian. Spleen heat causes a slippery tongue with coating; spleen closure causes white coating like snow; Bohe juice, white honey, and ginger slices for wiping are indicated. Liver stagnation causes blood rushing upward; Puhuang or Huaihua powder sprinkled is indicated, along with herbs clearing the liver. Xue Xinpu states: If there is mouth and tongue swelling/pain, appearing skinless, or fever with thirst, it is deficiency-heat of Middle Qi; Qingre Buqi Tang is indicated. If eyes appear smoky, body is fatigued with poor appetite, worsening in the afternoon, it is deficiency-heat of Yin Blood; Qingre Buchxue Tang is indicated. If throat pain and tongue sores, dry mouth and hot feet, worsening in the evening, it is deficiency-fire of the Kidney meridian; Liuwei Wan is indicated. If extremities are cold, aversion to cold and food, or excessive phlegm and red eyes, it is decline of Mingmen fire; Bawei Wan is indicated. If fever with thirst, preference for cold drinks and constipation, it is excess fire of the Intestines and Stomach; Liangge San is indicated. If fever with aversion to cold, dry mouth preferring warm drinks, poor appetite and fatigue, it is deficiency-heat of the Spleen meridian; Jiawei Guipi Tang is indicated. If tongue root is stiff, cheeks and jaw swollen/painful, it is excess heat congested in Heart and Spleen; Xuanshen Shengma Tang is indicated. If excessive phlegm with thirst, mouth/tongue swelling/pain, it is heat in the Upper Jiao; Qingre Huatan Tang is indicated. If excessive thinking leads to mouth/tongue sores and throat discomfort, it is blood injury and fire stirring in the Spleen meridian; Jiawei Guipi Tang is indicated. If excessive anger leads to alternating chills/fever, bitter taste, and tongue swelling/pain, it is blood injury and fire stirring in the Liver meridian; Xiaochaihu Tang with Danpi and Shanzhi is indicated. For blood deficiency, Bazhen Tang plus Renshen, Baizhu, Chaihu, Shanzhi, and Danpi is used; if deficiency is severe, Paojiang should be added.