有毒。人中之者立死。欲入冢井者，当先试之。法以鸡毛投井中，毛直而下者
无毒；毛回旋而舞，似不下者有毒。以热醋数斗投井穴中，则可入矣。凡冢井及灶中，从夏
至秋，毒瓦斯害人，从冬至春，则无毒瓦斯。凡秋露、春水着草，水亦能害人，冬夏则无。人素
为物所伤，并有诸疮，触犯毒露及毒水，觉疮顽不痒痛，当中风水所为，身必反张似角弓。
主之法∶以盐豉和面作碗子，盖疮上，作大艾炷，灸一百壮，令抽恶水数升，举身觉痒，疮
处知痛，瘥也。
二月、八月行途之间勿饮之，令人夏发疟瘴，又损脚令软。五月、六月勿饮泽中
停水，食着鱼鳖精，令人鳖瘕病也。
经宿洗面，今人无颜色；洗体，令人成癣；未经宿者，洗面，令人亦然。
水府龙宫，不可触犯；水中亦有赤脉，不可断之。井水沸，不可食之。以上并害
人。东晋·温峤，以物照水，为神所怒。《楚词》云∶鳞屋贝阙，言河伯所居。《国语》云
∶季桓子穿井获土缶。仲尼曰∶水之怪魍魉，土之怪 羊，水有脉及沸，并见白泽图。
已酉添加衍义
\r黄精\pd66.bmp\r
味甘，平，无毒。补中益气，除风湿，安五脏。久服轻身延年，不饥。一名重楼，一
名菟竹，一名鸡格，一名救穷，一名鹿竹。生山谷。二月采根，阴干。
陶隐居云∶今处处有。二月始生，一枝多叶，叶状似竹而短，根似萎蕤。萎蕤根如荻根
及菖
蒲， 节而平直；黄精根如鬼臼、黄连，大节而不平。虽燥，并柔软有脂润。俗方无用此，
而为《仙经》所贵。根、叶、华、实皆可饵服，酒散随宜，具在断谷方中。黄精叶乃与钩吻
相似，唯茎不紫、花不黄为异，而人多惑之。其类乃殊，遂致死生之反，亦为奇事。唐本注
云∶黄精肥地生者，即大如拳。薄地生者，犹如拇指。萎蕤肥根颇类其小者，肌理形色都大
相似。今以鬼臼、黄连为比，殊无仿佛。又黄精叶似柳及龙胆、徐长卿辈而坚。其钩吻蔓生
，殊非比类。今按别本注∶今人服用，以九蒸九曝为胜，而云阴干者恐为烂坏。臣禹锡等
谨按
抱朴子云∶一名垂珠。服其花，胜其实，其实胜其根。但花难得，得其生花十斛，干之
才
可得五、六斗耳。而服之日可三合，非大有役力者，不能办也。服黄精仅十年，乃可得其益
耳，且以断谷不及术，术饵令人肥健，可以负重涉险，但不及黄精甘美易食。凶年之时，可
以与老小代粮，人食之谓为米脯也。广雅云∶黄精，龙衔也。永嘉记云∶黄精，出嵩阳永宁
县。药性论云∶黄精，君。陈藏器云∶黄精，陶云将钩吻相似，但一善一恶耳。按∶钩吻
即野
葛之别名。若将野葛比黄精，则二物殊不相似，不知陶公凭何此说。其叶偏生，不对者为偏
精，功用不如正精。萧炳云∶黄精，寒。日华子云∶补五劳七伤，助筋骨，止饥，耐寒暑，
益脾胃，润心肺。单服九蒸九曝，食之驻颜，入药生用。
图经云∶黄精，旧不载所出州郡，但云生山谷，今南北皆有之，以嵩山、茅山者为佳。
三月
生
，苗高一、二尺以来，叶如竹叶而短，两两相对。茎梗柔脆，颇似桃枝，本黄末赤。四月开
细青白花，如小豆花状。子白如黍，亦有无
子者。根如嫩生姜，黄色。二月采根。蒸过，曝干用。今通八月采，山中人九蒸九曝，作果
卖，
甚甘美而黄黑色。江南人说∶黄精苗叶稍类钩吻，但钩吻叶头极尖而根细。苏恭注云∶钩吻
蔓生。殊非比类，恐南北所产之异耳。初生苗时，人多采为菜茹，谓之笔菜，味极美，采取
尤宜辨之。隋·羊公《服黄精法》云∶黄精是芝草之精也，一名萎蕤，一名仙人余粮，一名
苟格，一名菟竹，一名垂珠，一名马箭，一名白芨。二月、三月采根，入地八、九寸为上。
细切一石，以水二石五斗煮去苦味，漉出，囊中压取汁，澄清，再煎如膏乃止。以炒黑豆黄
末相和，令得所，捏作饼子如钱许大。初服二枚，日益之，百日知。亦焙干筛末，水服，功
与上等。《抱朴子》云∶服黄精花胜其实。花，生十斛，干之可得五、六斗，服之十年，乃
可得益。又《博物志》云∶天老谓黄帝曰∶太阳之草名黄精，饵之可以长生。世传华佗漆叶
青粘散云∶青粘是黄精之正叶者，书传不载，未审的否。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用钩吻，真似黄精，只是叶有毛钩子二个，是别认处，若误服害人。
黄精
叶似竹叶。凡采得，以溪水洗净后蒸，从巳至子，刀薄切，曝干用。食疗饵黄精，能老不饥
。其法∶可取瓮子去底，釜上安置令得所，盛黄精令满。密盖蒸之，令气溜，即曝之。第二
遍蒸之亦如此。九蒸九曝。凡生时有一硕，熟有三、四斗。蒸之若生，则刺人咽喉；曝使干
，不尔朽坏。其生者，若初服，只可一寸半，渐渐增之。十日不食，能长服之，只三尺五寸
。服三百日后，尽见鬼神，饵必升天。根、叶、花、实皆可食之。但相对者是，不对者名偏
精。圣惠方神仙∶服黄精成地仙，根茎不限多少。细锉阴干捣末，每日净水调服，任意多少
。一年之周，变老为少。稽神录∶临川有士人虐所使婢，婢乃逃入山中，久之见野草枝叶可
爱
，即拔取根食之甚美，自是常食，久而遂不饥，轻健。夜息大树下，闻草中动，以为虎，惧
而上树避之。及晓下平地，其身 然凌空而去。或自一峰之顶，若飞鸟焉。数岁，其家人采
薪见之，告其主，使捕之不得，一日遇绝壁下，以网三面围之，俄而腾上山顶。其主异之，
或曰此婢安有仙骨，不过灵药服食。遂以酒馔五味香美，置往来之路，观其食否，果来食，
食讫遂不能远去，擒之，具述其故。指所食之草，即黄精也。道脏·神仙芝草经∶黄精，宽
中益
气，五脏调良，肌肉充盛，骨体坚强，其力倍，多年不老，颜色鲜明，发白更黑，齿落更生
。先下三尸虫∶上尸，好宝货，百日下；中尸，好五味，六十日下；下尸，好五色，三十日
下，烂出。花、实、根三等，花为飞英，根为气精。博物志∶昔黄帝问天老曰∶天地所生，
岂
有食之令人不死乎？天老曰∶太阳之草，名曰黄精，饵之可以长生；太阴之草，名曰钩吻，
不可食之，入口立死。人信钩吻之杀人，不信黄精之益寿，不亦甚乎。灵芝瑞草经∶黄芝即
黄精也。
有毒。人如果中了这种毒，会立即死亡。想要进入古墓或古井时，应当先试探是否有毒。方法是把鸡毛投入井中，如果鸡毛笔直下沉，说明无毒；如果鸡毛回旋飞舞，似乎不下沉，说明有毒。将几斗热醋倒入井穴中，就可以安全进入了。凡是古墓和灶坑，从夏至到秋季，其中的毒气会危害人；从冬至到春季，则没有毒气。凡是秋天的露水、春天的水沾在草上，这些水也能害人，冬季和夏季则没有。人如果素来被虫兽所伤，并且患有各种疮疡，触碰到毒露及毒水后，感觉疮口顽固不痒痛，这应当是中风邪所致，身体必定会出现角弓反张的症状。主治方法：用豆豉和面做成碗状，覆盖在疮上，放置大艾炷，灸一百壮，使恶水抽出数升，全身感到瘙痒，疮处知觉疼痛，即可痊愈。
二月、八月在路途之间不要饮用（冢井水），会让人在夏天发作疟疾瘴气，又损伤脚部使其软弱无力。五月、六月不要饮用沼泽中的停水，吃了含有鱼鳖精气的停水，会让人患上鳖瘕病。
经过一夜的洗面水，现代人用它洗脸会导致面色无华；用它洗身体，会让人生出癣疾；未经过夜的洗面水，用来洗脸，也会让人产生同样的后果。
水府龙宫不可触犯；水中也有赤脉，不可截断。井水沸腾，不可食用。以上这些都害人。东晋时期的温峤，曾用物体照水，被水神愤怒地惩罚。《楚辞》说：“鳞屋贝阙”，说的是河伯居住的地方。《国语》说：季桓子挖井获得土缶。孔子说：水的怪诞之物叫魍魉，土的怪诞之物叫羬羊，水有脉络及沸腾现象，都见于《白泽图》。
已酉年添加《衍义》内容
黄精
味甘，性平，无毒。补益中气，益气力，祛除风湿，安养五脏。长期服用可以轻身延年，不感饥饿。又名重楼，又名菟竹，又名鸡格，又名救穷，又名鹿竹。生长在山谷中。二月采集根部，阴干。
陶隐居说：现在到处都有。二月开始生长，一枝多叶，叶子形状像竹子但较短，根像萎蕤。萎蕤的根像荻根及菖蒲，节段平直；黄精的根像鬼臼、黄连，节段大但不平。虽然干燥，但都柔软且有脂润感。世俗方剂不用此药，而被《仙经》所珍贵。根、叶、花、实都可以饵服，酒剂或散剂随意选用，详细记载在断谷方中。黄精的叶子与钩吻相似，只有茎不紫、花不黄作为区别，但人们常常混淆它们。它们的种类不同，导致生死相反的结果，也是奇怪的事。《唐本草注》说：生长在肥沃土地的黄精，大如拳头。生长在贫瘠土地的，犹如拇指大小。萎蕤的肥根颇像黄精的小者，肌理形色都非常相似。现在拿鬼臼、黄连相比，完全不像。另外黄精的叶子像柳叶及龙胆、徐长卿等而质地坚硬。钩吻蔓生，完全不同类。现在参考别本注：现在人服用，以九蒸九晒为最好，而说阴干恐怕会腐烂坏掉。臣禹锡等谨按：抱朴子说：又名垂珠。服用它的花，胜过果实，果实胜过根。但是花很难得到，得到十斛生花，晒干后才可得五、六斗。而且每天服用三合，不是有大力量的人，不能办到。服用黄精仅十年，才能得到它的益处，况且用黄精断谷不如用术，术饵让人肥健，可以负重涉险，只是不及黄精甘美易食。凶年之时，可以与老人小孩代替粮食，人吃了称之为米脯。《广雅》说：黄精，龙衔也。《永嘉记》说：黄精，出产于嵩阳永宁县。《药性论》说：黄精，君药。陈藏器说：黄精，陶弘景说与钩吻相似，但一善一恶罢了。按：钩吻即野葛的别名。如果把野葛比黄精，则两物殊不相似，不知道陶公凭何这样说。其叶偏生，不对生的称为偏精，功用不如正精。萧炳说：黄精，寒性。日华子说：补五劳七伤，助筋骨，止饥，耐寒暑，益脾胃，润心肺。单服九蒸九晒，吃它可以驻颜，入药生用。
《图经》说：黄精，旧籍不记载出产州郡，只说生长在山谷，现在南北都有，以嵩山、茅山的为佳。三月生长，苗高一、二尺左右，叶像竹叶但短，两两相对。茎梗柔脆，颇像桃枝，基部黄色末端红色。四月开细青白花，像小豆花状。子白色如黍米，也有无子的。根像嫩生姜，黄色。二月采根。蒸过，曝干使用。现在通用于八月采集，山中人家九蒸九晒，做成果品售卖，非常甘美且呈黄黑色。江南人说：黄精苗叶稍像钩吻，但钩吻叶头极尖而根细。苏恭注说：钩吻蔓生。完全不同类，恐怕是南北所产的不同罢了。初生苗时，人们多采摘作为蔬菜，叫做笔菜，味道极美，采取尤其应该辨别。隋朝羊公《服黄精法》说：黄精是芝草之精，又名萎蕤，又名仙人余粮，又名苟格，又名菟竹，又名垂珠，又名马箭，又名白芨。二月、三月采根，入地八、九寸的为上品。细切一石，用水二石五斗煮去苦味，滤出，在囊中压取汁液，澄清，再煎如膏才停止。用炒黑豆黄末调和，令得当，捏作饼子如铜钱大小。初服两枚，每日增加，百日见效。也可以焙干筛末，水送服，功效与上等相同。《抱朴子》说：服用黄精花胜过果实。花，生十斛，晒干可得五、六斗，服用十年，才可得益。又《博物志》说：天老对黄帝说：太阳之草名叫黄精，服用它可以长生。世人传说华佗漆叶青粘散说：青粘是黄精的正叶，书传未记载，不知是否确实。
雷公说：凡使用，不要用钩吻，真像黄精，只是叶上有毛钩子两个，是辨别之处，如果误服害人。
黄精叶似竹叶。凡采得，用溪水洗净后蒸，从巳时至子时，刀薄切，曝干使用。食疗饵服黄精，能老不饥。其法：可取瓮子去掉底部，放在釜上安置得当，盛满黄精。严密盖好蒸它，让蒸汽溜入，就曝晒它。第二遍蒸也是如此。九蒸九晒。凡生时有一硕，熟时有三、四斗。蒸如果不透，则刺人咽喉；曝不干，否则朽坏。其生者，如果初服，只可一寸半，渐渐增加。十日不食，能长期服用，只三尺五寸。服用三百日后，尽见鬼神，饵服必升天。根、叶、花、实都可以吃。但相对生的是，不对生的名叫偏精。《圣惠方神仙》：服黄精成地仙，根茎不限多少。细锉阴干捣末，每日净水调服，任意多少。一年之周，变老为少。《稽神录》：临川有士人虐待所使唤的婢女，婢女逃入山中，很久见到野草枝叶可爱，就拔取根吃很美味，从此常食，久而遂不饥，轻健。夜里休息在大树下，听到草中动静，以为是虎，害怕而上树躲避。等到天亮下到平地，其身忽然凌空而去。或者从一峰之顶，像飞鸟一样。几年后，其家人砍柴看见她，告诉主人，派人捕捉不得，一天遇到绝壁下，以网三面围之，一会儿腾上山顶。主人觉得奇怪，有人说这个婢女怎么会有仙骨，不过是灵药服食。于是以酒馔五味香美，放置在往来之路，观察她是否吃，果然来吃，吃完遂不能远去，擒获，详细叙述原因。指所吃的草，就是黄精。《道藏·神仙芝草经》：黄精，宽中益气，五脏调良，肌肉充盛，骨体坚强，其力倍，多年不老，颜色鲜明，发白更黑，齿落更生。先下三尸虫：上尸，好宝货，百日下；中尸，好五味，六十日下；下尸，好五色，三十日下，烂出。花、实、根三等，花为飞英，根为气精。《博物志》：昔日黄帝问天老说：天地所生，难道有吃了让人不死的吗？天老说：太阳之草，名叫黄精，服用它可以长生；太阴之草，名叫钩吻，不可吃，入口立死。人相信钩吻杀人，不相信黄精益寿，不也很过分吗。《灵芝瑞草经》：黄芝即黄精也。
Toxic. If a person is poisoned by it, they will die immediately. Those wishing to enter tombs or ancient wells should first test for toxicity. The method is to throw chicken feathers into the well; if the feathers sink straight down, there is no toxicity; if the feathers swirl and dance as if not sinking, there is toxicity. Pouring several *dou* (a unit of volume) of hot vinegar into the well allows safe entry. In all tombs and kiln pits, from the Summer Solstice to Autumn, toxic vapors harm humans; from the Winter Solstice to Spring, there are no toxic vapors. Dew in autumn and water in spring that settles on grass can also harm humans, whereas in winter and summer, this is not the case. If a person has been previously injured by animals or insects and suffers from various sores, upon contact with toxic dew or water, the sores may feel stubbornly non-itchy and non-painful. This is caused by wind-cold pathogen (*Feng Han*), and the body will likely exhibit opisthotonos (arched back resembling a bow). Treatment: Mix salted fermented soybeans (*Yan Chi*) with flour to form a bowl-shaped paste, cover the sore, place a large moxa cone on top, and moxibustion for one hundred *zhuang*. This draws out several liters of foul fluid. When the whole body feels itchy and pain sensation returns to the sore area, recovery occurs.
In February and August, do not drink water from such sources while traveling, as it causes malaria and miasma to erupt in summer, and weakens the legs causing softness. In May and June, do not drink stagnant water from marshes; consuming fish or turtle essence within this water causes *Bie Jia* disease (turtle-like abdominal mass).
If dripped into food, it causes malignant sores and internal carbuncles; dietary habits should avoid it.
Using overnight face-washing water causes pallor in modern people; washing the body with it causes tinea (ringworm); using unovernight face-washing water for washing the face produces similar adverse effects.
The Dragon Palace of the Water Deity must not be offended; red veins exist in the water and must not be severed. Boiling well water is inedible. All the above are harmful. Wen Qiao of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was angered by the water deity after shining an object into the water. The *Chu Ci* states: "Houses of scales and palaces of shells," referring to the residence of the River God. The *Guoyu* records: Ji Huanzi unearthed an earthen jar while digging a well. Confucius said: The monster of water is *Wangliang*, the monster of earth is *Xian Yang* (a sheep-like creature). Water having veins and boiling phenomena are all recorded in the *Baize Tu*.
Added in the You year from *Yanyi*:
Polygonatum Rhizome (*Huang Jing*)
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Tonifies the Middle Jiao, benefits Qi, dispels wind-dampness, and calms the Five Zang organs. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends lifespan, and prevents hunger. Also known as *Chong Lou*, *Tu Zhu*, *Ji Ge*, *Qiu Qiong*, and *Lu Zhu*. Grows in mountain valleys. Roots are harvested in February and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing states: It is found everywhere today. It begins sprouting in February, with multiple leaves per stem. The leaves resemble bamboo but are shorter; the root resembles *Wei Rui* (Polygonatum odoratum). The root of *Wei Rui* resembles reed roots and Acorus rhizomes, with flat, straight nodes; the root of *Huang Jing* resembles *Gui Jiu* (Podophyllum) and Coptis rhizome, with large but uneven nodes. Even when dry, both are soft and moist with lipids. Secular prescriptions rarely use this herb, but it is highly valued in Daoist alchemical texts. The root, leaves, flowers, and fruits can all be consumed as food or medicine, prepared as wine infusions or powders as appropriate, detailed in fasting formulas. The leaves of *Huang Jing* resemble *Gou Wen* (Gelsemium elegans), distinguished only by its non-purple stem and non-yellow flower, yet people often confuse them. Their distinct natures lead to opposite outcomes regarding life and death, which is remarkable. The *Tang Bencao Zhu* notes: *Huang Jing* growing in fertile soil is fist-sized; in poor soil, it is thumb-sized. The thick root of *Wei Rui* closely resembles smaller *Huang Jing* in texture and color. Comparing it to *Gui Jiu* or Coptis is inaccurate. Furthermore, *Huang Jing* leaves resemble willow, Gentiana, or Polygala but are firmer. *Gou Wen* grows as a vine, making comparison invalid. According to another commentary: Modern usage favors nine steaming and nine sun-drying cycles; shading alone may cause rot. Minister Yuxi et al. note: Baopuzi states: Also known as *Chui Zhu*. Consuming the flower is superior to the fruit, and the fruit to the root. Flowers are rare; ten *hu* of fresh flowers yield only five to six *dou* when dried. Daily dosage is three *ge*; only those with great resources can manage this. Ten years of consumption are needed to reap benefits. For grain substitution during famine, it serves as excellent food for adults and children, called "rice jerky." *Guangya* calls it *Long Xian*. *Yongjia Ji* states it originates from Yongning County, Songyang. *Yaoxing Lun* lists it as a sovereign herb. Chen Cangqi comments: Tao Hongjing claimed similarity to *Gou Wen*, but one is beneficial and the other harmful. Note: *Gou Wen* is another name for *Ye Ge* (Gelsemium). They are not similar; Tao’s assertion is questionable. Leaves growing asymmetrically are called *Pian Jing* and are less effective than symmetrical ones. Xiao Bing states *Huang Jing* is cold. Ri Huazi states it tonifies the five labors and seven injuries, strengthens sinews and bones, stops hunger, resists cold and heat, benefits the spleen and stomach, and moistens the lungs and heart. Single-use requires nine steaming and nine drying for cosmetic preservation; raw use is for medicinal purposes.
*Tujing* states: Old texts do not specify origin, only mountain valleys; now found north and south, with those from Mount Song and Mount Mao being best. Sprouts appear in March, reaching one to two feet high. Leaves resemble bamboo but are short, arranged oppositely. Stems are flexible and brittle, resembling peach twigs, yellow at the base and red at the tip. Small greenish-white flowers bloom in April, resembling bean flowers. Fruits are white like millet, though some plants bear none. Roots resemble young ginger, yellow. Harvested in February. Steamed and sun-dried. Now commonly harvested in August; mountain dwellers perform nine steaming and nine drying cycles to sell as sweet, blackish-yellow snacks. Jiangnan locals say *Huang Jing* seedlings resemble *Gou Wen*, but *Gou Wen* has pointed leaf tips and thin roots. Su Gong notes *Gou Wen* is vining, unlike *Huang Jing*, suggesting regional variation. Young shoots are edible vegetables called *Bi Cai*, very tasty, requiring careful identification. Yang Gong of Sui Dynasty’s *Method of Consuming Huang Jing* states: *Huang Jing* is the essence of Lingzhi grass. Also known as *Wei Rui*, *Xian Ren Yu Liang*, *Gou Ge*, *Tu Zhu*, *Chui Zhu*, *Ma Jian*, and *Bai Ji*. Harvest roots in Feb/Mar, 8-9 cun deep is best. Slice one *shi*, boil in 2.5 *shi* water to remove bitterness, strain, press juice in a bag, clarify, and simmer to paste consistency. Mix with fried black soybean powder, form coin-sized cakes. Start with two pieces, increase daily, effective after 100 days. Can also be dried, powdered, and taken with water for equal efficacy. *Baopuzi* says flower consumption exceeds fruit. Ten *hu* fresh flowers yield 5-6 *dou* dried; ten years of consumption yields benefits. *Bowuzhi* records Tian Lao telling the Yellow Emperor: The Grass of the Sun is named *Huang Jing*, consuming it grants longevity. Hua Tuo’s *Qiyе Qingnian San* mentions *Qing Nian* is the true leaf of *Huang Jing*, though unverified in texts.
Lei Gong states: Do not use *Gou Wen*; it resembles *Huang Jing* but has two hairy hooks on the leaves. Mistaking it is fatal.
*Huang Jing* leaves resemble bamboo. After harvesting, wash with stream water, steam from Si hour to Zi hour, slice thinly, and sun-dry. Dietary therapy uses *Huang Jing* to prevent aging and hunger. Method: Place a bottomless jar over a pot, fill with *Huang Jing*, seal tightly, steam until vapor penetrates, then sun-dry. Repeat nine times. One *shi* of fresh root yields 3-4 *dou* processed. Under-steaming causes throat irritation; under-drying causes rot. Initial dose: 1.5 cun of fresh root, gradually increasing. If fasting for ten days, long-term consumption reaches 3.5 chi. After 300 days, one may see spirits and ascend to heaven. Roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits are edible. Symmetrical leaves are true *Huang Jing*; asymmetrical are *Pian Jing*. *Shenghui Fang Shenxian*: Consuming *Huang Jing* makes one an Earth Immortal. Root/stem amount unlimited. Finely chopped, shade-dried, powdered, mixed with clean water, taken freely. Within a year, youth is restored. *Jishen Lu*: A scholar in Linchuan abused his maid, who fled to the mountains. She ate wild grass roots, finding them delicious, and ceased feeling hungry, becoming agile. Hearing noises at night, she climbed a tree fearing a tiger. At dawn, she descended and floated in the air. Years later, her family saw her leaping like a bird between peaks. Her master captured her after setting bait. She revealed she ate *Huang Jing*. *Daozang · Shenxian Zhicao Jing*: *Huang Jing* soothes the middle, benefits Qi, harmonizes the Five Zang, fills muscles, strengthens bones, doubles strength, prevents aging, brightens complexion, turns white hair black, and regrows teeth. It expels the Three Corpses: Upper Corpse (loves treasures, expelled in 100 days), Middle Corpse (loves flavors, expelled in 60 days), Lower Corpse (loves colors, expelled in 30 days), decomposing and exiting. Flowers, fruits, and roots are graded; flowers are Flying Essence, roots are Qi Essence. *Bowuzhi*: The Yellow Emperor asked Tian Lao: Is there any plant that prevents death? Tian Lao replied: The Grass of the Sun is *Huang Jing*, granting longevity; the Grass of the Yin is *Gou Wen*, fatal if ingested. People believe *Gou Wen* kills but doubt *Huang Jing* prolongs life, which is excessive. *Lingzhi Ruicao Jing*: *Huang Zhi* is *Huang Jing*.